• Strategy21
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• s.46
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• pp.5-28
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• 2020

In 2019, the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of State issued two reports to announce their plan to fulfill "free and open Indo-Pacific". Two reports commonly insisted on the support and participation from allies and partners to maintain security and stability in the Indo-Pacific. In response to this, neighboring states in the Indo-Pacific, including Japan, Australia, India, ASEAN, and Taiwan have different perspectives and stances based on their national interests. South Korea, too, has not clearly announced its position because they need to consider the alliance between the U.S. and South Korea as well as relationships between South Korea and China. This report focuses on the stances of neighboring states to the Indo-Pacific strategy and expected pros and cons of the participation of the strategy. In addition, when considering the name of strategy, the Indo-Pacific, naval power will be a main instrument to implement the strategy. Thus, this study also investigates the role of naval power in the Indo-Pacific strategy.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.2080-2089
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• 2015

In 3D video compression, a disparity vector (DV) pointing a corresponding block position in an adjacent view is a key coding tool to exploit statistical correlation in multi-view videos. In this paper, neighboring block-based disparity vector (NBDV) is shown with detail algorithm descriptions and coding performance analysis. The proposed method derives a DV from disparity motion vector information, obtained from spatially and temporally neighboring blocks, and provides a significant coding gain about 20% BD-rate saving in a texture-video-first-coding scheme. The proposed DV derivation method is adopted into the recent 3D video coding standards such as 3D-AVC and 3D-HEVC as the state-of-the-art DV derivation method.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2022

Intercellular nutrient and signal transduction are essential to sustaining multicellular organisms and maximizing the benefits of multicellularity. It has long been believed that red algal intercellular transport of macromolecules is prevented by the protein-rich pit plug within pit-connections, the only physical connection between cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and recombinant green fluorescence protein (rGFP) of various molecular sizes were injected into vegetative cells of Griffithsia monilis using a micromanipulator, and intercellular transport of the fluorescent probes was examined. Pit-connections were found to provide intercellular transport of tracers at rates comparable to plasmodesmata in other organisms. The time necessary for the transport to an adjacent cell was dependent on the molecular size and the direction of the transport. Fluorescent dextran of 3 kDa was transported to adjacent cells in 1-2 h after injection and migrated to all cells of the filament within 24 h, but fluorescent dextran of 10-20 kDa took 24 h to transfer to neighboring cells. The migration occurred faster towards adjacent reproductive cells and to apical cells than basally. Fluorescent tracers above 40 kDa and rGFP was not transported to neighboring cells, but accumulated near the pit plug. Our results suggest that pit-connections are conduit for macromolecules between neighboring cells and that these size-specific conduits allow intercellular communication between the vegetative cells of red algae.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Severe fatigue and noise problems of modular bridge expansion joints (MBEJs) are often induced by vehicle loads. However, the dynamic characteristics of single-support MBEJs have yet to be further investigated. To better understand the vibration mechanism of single-support MBEJs under vehicle loads, a 3D finite element model of single-support MBEJ with five center beams is built. Successive vehicle loads are given out and the vertical dynamic responses of each center beams are analyzed under the successive loads. Dynamic amplification factors (DAFs) are also calculated along with increasing vehicle velocities from 20 km/h to 120 km/h with an interval 20 km/h. The research reveals the vibration mechanism of the single-support MBEJs considering coupled center beam resonance, which shows that dynamic responses of a given center beam will be influenced by the neighboring center beams due to their rebound after the vehicle wheels depart. Maximal DAF 1.5 appears at 120 km/h on the second center beam. The research results can be utilized for reference in the design, operation and maintenance of single-support MBEJs.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-79
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• 2013

As arbitration becomes an increasingly popular mode of resolving disputes, neighboring industries begin to take notice. This interest is reflected in the increasing utilization of third party funding in international arbitration claims. In this regard, the third party funding industry appears particularly interested in investor-state arbitration claims because they typically involve considerable claim amounts and substantial legal fees. To examine this trend more closely, this paper, firstly, examines the investor-state arbitration more precisely in Chapter II. In Chapter III, this study continues to examine some legal issues which can arise as a result of a conflict of interest between the parties to the funding agreement including, inter alia, 1) a dispute in which the funder terminates the agreement during the arbitration proceedings, 2) a dispute in relation to a funder's intervention in arbitration proceedings, and 3) a dispute on the responsibility for adverse costs orders, if any. This paper further identifies major legal issues which can arise in relation to 1) disclosure of existence of the funding agreement, 2) attorney-client privilege. Lastly, in Chapter IV, this paper provides some lessons from an in-depth case study on third party funding agreements and solutions to avoid and to solve prospective disputes in the future.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.461-470
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• 2014

This paper presents a probabilistic power flow (PPF) analysis method for distribution network incorporating the randomness and correlation of photovoltaic (PV) generation. Based on the multivariate kernel density estimation theory, the probabilistic model of PV generation is proposed without any assumption of theoretical parametric distribution, which can accurately capture not only the randomness but also the correlation of PV resources at adjacent locations. The PPF method is developed by combining the proposed PV model and Monte Carlo technique to evaluate the influence of the randomness and correlation of PV generation on the performance of distribution networks. The historical power output data of three neighboring PV generators in Oregon, USA, and 34-bus/69-bus radial distribution networks are used to demonstrate the correctness, effectiveness, and application of the proposed PV model and PPF method.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

Measurements of ocean color from space since 1970s provided vital information with reference to physical and biogeochemical properties of the oceanic waters. The utility of these data has been explored in order to map and monitor highly toxic/or harmful algal blooms (HABs) that affected most of coastal waters throughout the world due to accelerated eutrophication from human activities and certain oceanic processes. However, the global atmospheric correction and bio-optical algorithms developed for oceanic waters were found to yield false information about the HABs in coastal waters. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential use of red tide index (RI) method, which has been developed by Ahn and Shanmugam (2005), for mapping of HABs in Korean and neighboring waters. Here we employed the SSMM to remove the atmospheric effect in the SeaWiFS image data and the achieved indices by RI method were found more appropriate in correctly identifying potential areas of the encountered HABs in Korean South Sea (KSS) and Chinese coastal waters during 1999-2004. But the existence of high absorbing and scattering materials greatly interfered with the standard OC4 algorithm which falsely identified red tides in these waters. In comparison with other methods, the RI approach for the early detection of HABs can provide state managers with accurate identification of the extent and location of these blooms as a management tool.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.178-191
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• 2005

Fourth-generation (4G) wireless networks will be the IP-based cellular networks integrating Internet with the existing cellular networks. Two important issues should be concerned in the IP-based cellular networks, IP mobility, and quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees. In this paper, we proposed two mechanisms to solve the problems with IP mobility and RSVP-based QoS provisioning. First, virtual-IP (VIP) allocation scheme in areas with a large rate of handoff can minimize the wireless signaling overhead due to IP mobility. The access routers (ARs) create dynamically the VIP zone by using the measured handoff rate derived from the history of the handoff into neighboring ARs. We show that VIP allocation scheme reduces the binding update messages in the wireless link than hierarchical mobile IPv6. Second, the new advance resource reservation protocol called proportional aggregate RSVP (PA-RSVP) can minimize waste of bandwidth and soft state refresh overhead due to IP mobility. It allocates the bandwidth in advance between the mobility anchor point and neighboring ARs using proportional aggregate reservation. We also show that PA-RSVP provides an improved performance over existing protocols.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.933-940
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• 2024

A macroscopic cross section generation model was developed for the conceptual horizontal, compact high temperature gas reactor (HC-HTGR). Because there are many sources of spectral effects in the design and analysis of the core, conventional LWR methods have limitations for accurate simulation of the HC-HTGR using a neutron diffusion core neutronics simulator. Several super-cell model configurations were investigated to consider the spectral effect of neighboring cells. A new history variable was introduced for the existing library format to more accurately account for the history effect from neighboring nodes and reactivity control drums. The macroscopic cross section library was validated through comparison with cross sections generated using full core Monte Carlo models and single cell cross section for both 3D core steady-state problems and 2D and 3D depletion problems. Core calculations were then performed with the AGREE HTR neutronics and thermal-fluid core simulator using super-cell cross sections. With the new history variable, the super-cell cross sections were in good agreement with the full core cross sections even for problems with significant spectrum change during fuel shuffling and depletion.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.125-144
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to research the investment environment of Vietnam and analyze the actual investment state of Korean enterprises in Vietnam and seek for the points at issue. In general, the investment environment in Vietnam shows both a positive side and negative side. However Vietnamese market is a attractive one as ever for direct investment of Korean enterprises considering their constant economy growth, investment increase of foreign company for Vietnam, China risk. And the point at issue in investment of Korean Enterprises is as follows. That is, inclining to manufacturing, preference of independence investment, small-sized investment by small and medium enterprises, preference of greenfield investment, restricted purpose of investment, insufficiency of infrastructure for logistics, electric power, legal system. The results of the study indicate mainly that the investment of Korean enterprise into Vietnam needs a switchover of the third service trade-tertiary industry, collaboration with Vietnamese enterprise through joint venture investment, a large-scale investment for Vietnam domestic market and neighboring countries' market, practical use of M&A with existing Vietnamese enterprise and diverse purpose for investment.