• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2013

The data retention characteristics depending on neighbor cell's threshold voltage (Vt) in a multilevel NAND flash memory is studied. It is found that a Vt shift (${\Delta}Vt$) of the noted cell during a thermal retention test is increased as the number of erase-state (lowest Vt state) cells surrounding the noted cell increases. It is because a charge loss from a floating gate is originated from not only intrinsic mechanism but also lateral electric field between the neighboring cells. From the electric field simulation, we can find that the electric field is increased and it results in the increased charge loss as the device is scaled down.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.813-824
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• 2004

The paper studies the effect of neighboring blade rows on flutter characteristics of cascading blades. For this purpose the computation program to calculate the unsteady blade loading based on the un-steady lifting surface theory for contra-rotating annular cascades was formulated and coded. Then a computation program to solve the coupled bending-torsion flutter equation for the contra-rotating annular cascades was also developed. Some results of the flutter analysis are presented. The presence of the neighboring blade row gives rise to significant change in the critical flutter condition when the main acoustic duct mode is of cut-on state.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2001

Texture is extensively studied in a variety of image processing applications such as image segmentation and classification because it is an important property to perceive regions and surfaces. This paper focused on the analysis and synthesis of textured single and multiband images using Markov Random Field model considering the existent spatial correlation. Especially, for multiband images, the cross-channel correlation existing between bands as well as the spatial correlation within band should be considered in the model. Although a local interaction is assumed between the specified neighboring pixels in MRF models, during the maximization process, short-term correlations among neighboring pixels develop into long-term correlations. This result in exhibiting phase transition. In this research, the role of temperature to obtain the most probable state during the sampling procedure in discrete Markov Random Fields and the stopping rule were also studied.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-31
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• 2021

This paper estimates the effects of transport (road and rail) & energy and ICT infrastructure (telephone, mobile, and broadband) on GDP growths in neighboring countries as well as own countries. We confirm positive direct contributions of infrastructure, access to Internet, and human capital on economic growth. The spatial panel regression models indicate that there exist positive externalities of the broadband infrastructure and human capital, and these results are robust regardless of the choice of spatial weight matrices. Our findings on spillover effects of infrastructure suggest the key role of neighboring countries' infrastructure on own country's economic growth.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-4
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• 2010

First-principles calculations based on spin density functional theory are performed to study the spin-resolved electronic properties of AlN doped with a Cu concentration of 6.25%-18.75%. The ferromagnetic state is more energetically favorable state than the antiferromagnetic state or the nonmagnetic state. For $Al_{0.9375}Cu_{0.0625}N$, a global magnetic moment of 1.26 mB per supercell, with a localized magnetic moment of 0.75 $m_B$ per Cu atom is found. The magnetic moment is reduced due to an increase in the number of Cu atoms occupying adjacent cation lattice position. For $Al_{0.8125}Cu_{0.1875}N$, the magnetism of the supercell disappears by the interaction of the neighboring Cu atoms. The nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition is found to occur at this Cu concentration. The range of concentrations that are spin-polarized should be restricted within very narrow.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2018

Pressure oscillation caused by the compressibility of entrapped air in dam break flow is analyzed using an open source code, which is a two-phase compressible code for non-isothermal immiscible fluids. Since compressible flows are computed based on a pressure-based method, the code can handle the equation of state of barotropic fluid, which is virtually incompressible. The computed time variation of pressure is compared with other experimental and computational results. The present result shows good agreements with other results until the air is entrapped. As the entrapped air bubbles pulsate, pressure oscillations are predicted and the pressure oscillations damp out quickly. Although the compressibility parameter of water has been varied for a wide range, it has no effects on the computed results, because the present equation of state for water is so close to that of incompressible fluid. Grid independency test for computed time variation of pressure shows that all results predict similar period of pressure oscillation and quick damping out of the oscillation, even though the amplitude of pressure oscillation is sensitive to the velocity field at the moment of the entrapping. It is observed that as pressure inside the entrapped air changes quickly, the pressure field in the neighboring water adjusts instantly, because the sound of speed is much higher in water. It is confirmed that the period of pressure oscillation is dominated by the added mass of neighboring water. It is found that the temperature oscillation of the entrapped air is critical to the quick damping out of the oscillations, due to the fact that the time averaged temperature inside the entrapped air is higher than that of surrounding water, which is almost constant.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The air quality management in regional viewpoint was investigated for the improvement of national air pollution with various standard air pollutants. The focal region in this research is north-eastern region in asia where the many developing industries are located in neighboring countries. The major concerns were the trends of air quality in recent years and the state of environmental technologies and policies of air quality in each countries. The regional air quality management for the improvement of air pollution and the effective programs were suggested for the effective air quality management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1294-1296
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• 2007

The IEEE 802.11 DCF forces neighboring nodes of an active transmitter to switch into inactive state. This conservative nature brings frame latency at transmitter neighborhood. This work exploits the IEEE 802.11n Frame Aggregation scheme to allow simultaneous transmissions from nodes that are neighbors to each-other. This is accomplished by the synchronization of control and data transmissions in slots of fixed length. Proposed scheme reduces the frame latency and improves aggregated network throughput.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.903-911
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• 1990

When load areas on a feeder are deenergized due to faults and scheduled outage, operators need to identify neighboring feeders, try to restore customers and minimize out-of-service areas. These cases include knowledge of system states and various constraints such as voltage drop. This paper concerns the load transfer in fault restoration and scheduled outage. Also, the operating constraints such as line current capacity, relay trip current, transformer capacity, voltage drop and line loss are considered. This expert system can propose the optimal load transfer method by analyzing the system state and considering the constraints.

• Strategy21
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• s.33
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• pp.37-64
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• 2014

The year 2010 has been regarded as a year of China's assertive diplomacy. A series of China's behavior--including China's critical reaction to the U.S. for its sales of weapons to Taiwan, the Dalai Lama's visit to President Obama, China's arbitrary designation of 'core interests' over the South China Sea, China's inordinate reactions to the sinking of the Cheonan and Yeonpyeong bombardment, and China's activities in the Senkaku/Diaoyu island areas--has served as the witnesses to China's assertive diplomacy in 2010. The major causes of China's assertive diplomacy can be summed up by three factors: potential power transition from U.S. to China; emerging China's nationalism; and the recession of the Tao Guang Yang Hui as a diplomatic principle. But a majority of Western sinologists claim that China's assertive diplomacy is defensive in terms of its character. China's neighboring states, however, perceive its assertive diplomacy as diplomatic threat. Due to these states' geographical proximity and capability gaps with China, these neighbors experience difficulties in coping with China's behavior. In particular, China's coercive economic diplomacy, in which China tends to manipulate the neighbors' economic dependency on China for its diplomatic leverage, is a case in point for China's assertive diplomacy. China's assertiveness seems to be continued even after the inauguration of Xi Jinping government. Although the Xi government's diplomatic rhetorics in "New Type of Great Power Relationship" and the "Convention for Neighboring States Policy" sound friendly and cooperative, its subsequent behavior, like unilateral announcement of Chinese Air Defense Identification Zone (CADIZ), does not conform with its rhetoric. Overall, China's assertiveness has been consolidated as a fashion of its diplomacy, and it is likely to continue in its relations with neighbors. As a neighboring state, the ROK should approach to it with more balanced attitude. In addition, it needs to find out a new diplomatic leverage to deal with China in accordance with its security environment, in which China plays a growing role.