• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 1999

Background : Syncope was defined as transient loss of consciousness and postural tone. The mechanisms of changes in cerebral hemodynamics during syncope have not been fully evaluated. Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography can continuously monitor the changes in cerebral hemodynamics during head-up tilt (HUT). TCD could reveal the different patterns of changes in cerebral hemodynamics during syncope. Syncope without hypotension or bradycardia could be detected by TCD. We investigated the changes in cerebral blood flow velocity during HUT using TCD in 33 patients with a history of recurrent syncope or presyncope of unknown origin. Methods & Results : The positive responses were defined as presyncope or syncope with hypotension, bradycardia, or both. During HUT without isoproterenol infusion, there were a $86{\pm}23%$ drop in DV and a $41{\pm}34%$ drop in SV in 5 patients with positive reponses, and mean changes in those were less than 10% in patients with negative reponses (p=.00, p=.00). During HUT with isoproterenol infusion, TCD showed a $80{\pm}18%$ drop in diastolic velocity in 14 patients with positive reponses, and a $47{\pm}10%$ drop in that in patients with negative reponses (p=.00), however the change in systolic velocity did not differ. TCD showed three patterns during positive responses; loss of all flow, loss of end diastolic flow, and a decrease in diastolic velocity. Loss of consciousness occurred in the patients with loss of all flow or end-diastolic flow during positive reponses. Conclusions : TCD shows different patterns of changes in cerebral hemodynamics during HUT. TCD can be used to investigate the pathophysiology of neurocardiogenic syncope.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.123-137
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• 2005

The present study examined the effectiveness and communications functions of mothers' touch on the responses of their 6-month-old infants using the Still-Face (SF) situation. Participants were 67 infant-mother dyads from Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Positive and negative responses of infants were measured by SF interactions and by three different touch conditions. Touch types were measured by a coding scheme based on Suchung Kim and Keumjoo Kwak (2003; 2(04). Results showed that mothers' touch affected baby's responses by increasing positive responses and decreasing negative responses. The positive and negative responses of infants differed by the three different touch conditions, indicating that mothers use different touch types according to touch conditions; these variations in touch function as an important channel of communications.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.201-216
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• 2005

The social behaviors of 177(84 girls, 93 boys) 5-6 year olds were rated by the SCBE teacher questionnaire. Mothers reported on their reactions to children's negative emotions and on children's emotionality by questionnaires. Results showed that girls' emotionality was related to maternal punitive responses and their withdrawn behaviors. Maternal emotion-focused reponses were associated with boys' social behaviors. Maternal distress reactions were correlated with girls' prosocial behaviors; maternal punitive responses were related to girls' prosocial and withdrawn behaviors. Maternal emotion-focused responses were associated with girls' aggressive behaviors. Partial correlation analysis indicated girls' emotionality was not related to their withdrawn behaviors when maternal punitive responses were taken into account.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the middle-class housewives` experience of housing environment through their own cognitive expressions. Subjects were 18 housewives living in the apartments at Junggye-Dong, Seoul and Field survey method was used. Indepth interview technique with planned questionnaire was used. The contents of individual`s housing life history were recorded by means of a recording machine. Cognitive expressions of subjects ontheir experience of housing environment were analiyzed by Content Analysis. Subjects have respectively experienced various housing types. The housing experiences were classified by stimuli and respones. Stimuli were again classified by the factors and characteristics of housing environment, whereas responses were classified by types and directions. Negative experiences were more frequent than positive ones. Negative evaluations were appeared more frequently In such case as the existence of community facilities, interior structure, bathrooms, and heating systems. The positive emotional experiences appeared more frequently were the natural characteristic$ of outdoors. When all the contents were analyzed by housing types experienced, subjects negatively remembered community facilities in high-rise apartments, and positively outdoors in detached single houses including traditional houses, and negatively heating systems in low-rise apartments and tenement houses. These contents, especially positive and negative aspects of past experience. can be used as basic data to understand residents` reponses and to plan furture houses more desirable for them.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 2010

Customer misbehavior can affect dissatisfaction and negative behavioral responses of other customers at the service encounter. This study explored other customer and retail employee reponses to customer anger and aggressive behaviors at the service encounter by examining the perceived wrongness of such behaviors under different situations and comparing the two perspectives of retail employees and consumers. Three scenarios were developed representing different situations including firm's responsibility, both of customer and employee responsibilities, and uncontrollable one. Data were collected from individual interviews with 222 retail employees and 149 consumers. The results showed that the consumers' perceived wrongness of customer aggressions were higher comparing to that of employees. The reasons of perceived wrongness were different by three situations implying that responsibility and controllability affected the perceived wrongness. The study further discusses implications.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-114
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• 2003

This study focused on how to activate the fisheries high school and develop fisheries. This data was collected from 108 vocational high school teachers and 94 middle school teachers. The treatment of materials is classified by gender, level of academic career and teaching career. This research evaluated percentage to the frequency of reponses to each question and carried out ${\chi}^2$-test and t-test, for the benefit of reliability. This statistically significant level which was conducted by using SPSS10.0 in accounted for p<.05. The conclusions of this study were as follows: The middle school teachers and vocational high school teachers showed positive response when general contents were included in question items, the other hand showed negative response when definite and special contents were included in question items. The vocational high school teachers showed lower answer score in the fisheries consciousness then middle school teachers in spite of vocational educational function. Different degrees of fisheries consciousness of two groups were resulted from research areas.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.533-541
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• 2013

The purpose of this article was to study the influence of tangible clues of raw-fish restaurants on consumers' emotional responses and repurchasing behavior in eastern area of Kangwon-province. In this study frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis and path analysis(SEM) were applied to analyze the data. Through path analysis tangible clues' performances had generally significant influences upon consumers' emotional responses to buy products of raw-fish restaurants. According to the results, exterior facility had positive influence on pleasure(p<0.001) and arousal(p<0.01). Interior facility had positive influence on pleasure(p<0.001) and arousal(p<0.001), but negative on dominance(p<0.01). And the others had positive influence on pleasure(p<0.05). Press copy had positive influence on pleasure(p<0.001) and arousal(p<0.001). And Pleasure and arousal had positive influence on repurchasing behavior(p<0.001). But Dominance didn't have significant influence on repurchasing behavior. As a result, we studied that the tangible clues was an effective marketing tactic to maintain and increase consumers' positive emotional reponses to repurchase at restaurants. Therefore it is finally needed that dining-out corporations manage tangible clues in a customer-maintaining without additional costs, and especially to use mixing tangible clues each other in some suitable condition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1058-1068
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of physical education to solve school violence. In order to do this, we took a sample size of 590 middle school students from city D by using the simple random sampling, allowed them to answer open questions recognizing the relationship between physical education and school violence, and then conducted an inductive category analysis of the data. As a result, it was found that there are both positive and negative reponses towards physical education and school violence. First, the positive responses were classified into 8 subcategories and 4 major categories(the social factors, psychological factors, physical factors, and environmental factors). On the contrary, the negative responses were classified into 6 subcategories and 4 major categories(personal experience, structural elements, cognitive factors, and environmental factors).

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.43
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• pp.282-313
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• 2008

Advertising is both applauded and criticized for its characteristics and roles on society. Advertising environment is changing and developing. The important changes in advertising are fragmentation of traditional media, growth of new media, and increasing clutter. The major issue in advertising and broadcasting system in Korea is reintroduction of in-program advertising on terrestrial television stations. The purpose of this study is investigate the responses of viewers to in-program advertising. This study considers program genre as mediating variable which may affect the viewers' responses to in-program advertising. Independent variables of this study are the insertion of in-program advertising (insertion/non-insertion) and program genres(news/educational/drama/entertainment program). Dependent variables of this study are viewers' responses, attitude towards broadcasting station and attitude towards advertiser. This study was run as a $2{\times}4$ factorial design with 30 subjects per cell, resulting in a total sample size of 240. This study randomly assigned each subject to 1 of the 8 treatment groups. The result of this study shows that in-program advertising induces negative responses of viewers, attitude towards broadcasting station and advertiser. And this study found that viewers showed the negative responses to in-program advertising regardless of program genre. The findings of this study illustrate the need of consideration and planning of in-program advertising to protect viewers' right.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.243-262
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• 1999

Today, obesity is not recognized as a disease itself but is known to be the indirect cause of much chronic illness. Obesity has an impact on psychological disorders including severe inferiority, damage of body self-image, low self-esteem, personality disorders. The results in an increase of the mortality rate. Therefore, this study attempts to discover and evaluate stressful experience in obese teenagers. For this study, 21 girl students and 19 boy students in Pusan middle or high school located were selected. The data were collected from March to May at 1999. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects to prevent the loss of spoken information and communication. This study consisted of 563 reponses from girls and 461 responses from boys which were then classified with descriptive expressions and priority classifications. The results generated 72 common elements in girls and 54 common elements in boys. From these elements 24 syntheses of hypothetical definitions and 8 identifications of the structural definitions in both girls and boys were developed. The structural and hypothetical definitions were as follows: The analysis of the data was made through a phenomenological analytic method suggested by Van kamm, which is as follows: 1. Maladjustment to school life; lack of understanding of the teacher, insufficient exercise ability, and a feeling of burden in attending the school obesity program. 2. Conflict in family relationships; lack of understanding from the family, a feeling of alienation. 3. Conflict in friend relationships; lack of understanding among friends, constant comparisons in appearance and body with friends (in girls) and estrangement from friends (in boys). 4. Conflict in acquaintance of the opposite sex; hoping to meet the opposite sex, lack of understanding of boy friends (in girls), feelings of pain, feelings of anxiety (in girls) feelings of burden (in girls) feelings of envy (in boys). 5. Negative body image: shape of body; feelings of pain; feelings of powerlessness; feelings of discomfort, and reception; emotional disorders (in boys), and change of personality (in boys). 6. Health disorder: Physical and psychological discomfort. 7. Feelings of burden in weight control; negative experiences in weight control, interference with family and friends, the difficulty in diet therapy, feelings of burden in exercise (in girls), to be teased by the public through mass media (in boys).