• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.199-203
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• 1973

Various concentration of formaldehyde solution (1%, 5%, 10%) were applied to cut pulp surface, for 3 minutes and the remaining pulp were carefully examined histo-pathologically. The result were as follows, 1. One week survival group which were treated by 1% formaldehyde solution showed seperation of odontoblast layer randomly and the weil's zone was undistinguishable. Deeper portion of this area was necrotic or coagulated. 2. Two week survival group which were treated 1% formaldehyde solution showed necrotic appearance spread from odontoblastic layer to weil's zone. 3. One and two week survival group which were treated 5% formaldehyde solution showed the odontoblastic layer was highly necrotic, under this zone empty net-work was seen. 4. One and two week survival group treated 10% formaldehyde solution showed complete destruction of pulp.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2017

A 2-year-old female Maltese dog was admitted with a history of pyometra and resulting peritonitis and septicemia. Uterine specimen sampled by ovariohysterectomy was processed routinely for histopathological observation. Grossly, the uterine mucosa was covered with necrotic debris and on the cut surface, lesion extended into the uterine wall. Microscopically, severe necrosis was observed throughout thickened mucosa, submucosa, and wall of uterus. Tumorous lesions composed of anaplastic cells with bizarre nuclei or tubular structures of cuboidal to short columnar cells were infrequently observed around the necrotic lesions and muscular layer far from necrotic areas. Immunohistochemically, central necrotic area with ambiguous cell and tissue structures, peri-necrotic tumor lesions, and muscular layer were strongly positive for cytokeratin. Since huge necrosis of adenocarcinoma lesions in this case made it difficult to diagnose, immunohistochemical results enable to diagnose as a severe necrotizing adenocarcinoma. Thus, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in this case may serve as an important knowledge to diagnose uterine adenocarcinoma with huge necrosis in the veterinary field.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 1999

Clinically, three holstein dairy cattle showed the inappetence and decrease of milk production with severe lameness and pain. Grossly, strawberry-like proliferation of the skin between the heel bulbs were observed 4${\times}$5${\times}$1.5cm in size. Histopathologically, severe hyperplasia of epidermis, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and multifocal ulceration of cornified cell layer, acanthosis, spongiosis of prickle cell layer and irregular arrangement of basal cell layer were seen. And focally observed the lesions of necrotic vasculitis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and hemorrhage. Spirochete bacteria were found in necrotic and outer proliferated epidermal cells by Levaditi's silver stain. Clinical and pathological findings were consistent with dermatitis verrucosa.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1977

After a vital pulpotomy in dogs' teeth, the responses of the remaining pulp tissue under calcium hydroxide and formocresol were studied histologically. The class I and V cavities were prepared on the teeth and the pulp was amputated. Calcium hydroxide and formocresol were placed over the amputated tissue and the cavities were sealed with zine oxide eugenol cement and zinc phosphate cement. Animals. were sacrifice after 1, 2, and 3 weeks following the operation. The teeth were decalcfied, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic examination reveals as follows; 1. Healing of the pulp at the amputation site did not occur in the pulps treated with formocresol. 2. At one week, a thin layer of darker staining tissues just below the necrotic zone was presented in the pulps treated with formocresol. In this stage the tissues beneath the darker staining layer were normal. 3. At two weeks, the cells of the palest staining layer were showed indistinct nucleus which suggested the karyolysis and the karyorrhexis in the pulps treated with formocoresol. As reached to the middle third of the pulp, the odontoblasts were scarcely evident or missed in this stage. 4. At three weeks, the necrotic zone was reached to the middle third of the pulp canal. The cells beneath the zone showed massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pulps treated with formocresol. 5. Dentin bridge in the control group was deposited below the necrotic zone from the two. weeks later. 6. Normal tissues were observed ill the apical third of all. the dental pulps in all case of calcium hydroxide and formocresol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2017

Objective: Despite an increasing number of investigations into the pathophysiology of necrotic enteritis (NE) disease, etiology of NE-associated diseases, and gene expression profiling of NE-affected tissues, the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of NE-affected poultry have been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to induce NE disease in the genetically disparate Fayoumi chicken lines, and to perform non-coding RNA sequencing in the intestinal mucosal layer. Methods: NE disease was induced in the Fayoumi chicken lines (M5.1 and M15.2), and non-coding RNA sequencing was performed in the intestinal mucosal layer of both NE-affected and uninfected chickens to examine the differential expression of miRNAs. Next, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR) was performed to further examine four miRNAs that showed the highest fold differences. Finally, bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the four miRNAs target genes involvement in the signaling pathways, and to examine their interaction. Results: According to non-coding RNA sequencing, total 50 upregulated miRNAs and 26 downregulated miRNAs were detected in the NE-induced M5.1 chickens. While 32 upregulated miRNAs and 11 downregulated miRNAs were detected in the NE-induced M15.2 chickens. Results of real-time qPCR analysis on the four miRNAs (gga-miR-9-5p, gga-miR-20b-5p, ggamiR-196-5p, and gga-let-7d) were mostly correlated with the results of RNAseq. Overall, ggamiR-20b-5p was significantly downregulated in the NE-induced M5.1 chickens and this was associated with the upregulation of its top-ranking target gene, mitogen-activated protein kinase, kinase 2. Further bioinformatics analyses revealed that 45 of the gene targets of gga-miR-20b-5p were involved in signal transduction and immune system-related pathways, and 35 of these targets were predicted to interact with each other. Conclusion: Our study is a novel report of miRNA expression in Fayoumi chickens, and could be very useful in understanding the role of differentially expressed miRNAs in a NE disease model.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.168-171
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• 1999

Crude extracts of pathogenic Streptomyces turgidiscabies isolates produced necrotic reaction on potato slices. Necrosis was first visible 24 hr after application and increased in severity over several days. However, necrosis was not observed when crude extracts of nonpathogenic strains were applied onto tuber slices. Presence of thaxtomin A from crude extracts of pathogenic S. turgidiscabies was identified by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Nonpathgenic strains did not produce thaxtomin A in oatmeal broth. Inoculation of potato tuber slices with thaxtomin A partially purified from crude extract of a pathogenic S. turgidiscabies ST5 reproduce necrotic reaction suggesting that thaxtomin A is a pathogenicity determinant in S. turgidiscabies.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1007-1012
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• 1996

The purpose of the survey was to understand the field situation on the occurrence of enteric diseases in poultry farms in Korea. During the period from January of 1991 to December, 1992, 279(35.8%) out of 779 farms surveyed experienced the cases of enteritis in their chickens. The farms with diarrheal problems consisted of 157(45.1%) of 348 broiler flock, 28(32.6%) of 86 breeder flock, and 94(27.2%) of 345 layer flock. The main diseases causing enteritis were frequently appeared as infectious bursal disease(27.3%), colibacillosis(22.6%), and coccidiosis(8.6%). Necrotic enteritis(NE) in chicken occurred in 21 farms(2.7%) among 779 farms examined. The outbreaks of NE were divided 4.7% in breeders, 4.0% in broilers, and 0.9% in layers, respectively. NE occurred mainly in the age(71.4%) of 20~30 days and the mortality was varying from 1.4% to 10.0% for broilers, 3.0% for layers and 0.8% for breeders. Seasonal prevalence of NE showed the highest as 52.4% in summer and followed by 33.3% in autumn, 9.5% in spring and 4.5% in winter.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2017

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play a key role in innate immunity, inflammation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death. The main objective of this study was to investigate the expression level of candidate MAPK pathway genes in the intestinal mucosal layer of two genetically disparate chicken lines (Marek's disease-resistant line 6.3 and Marek's disease-susceptible line 7.2) induced with necrotic enteritis (NE). Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we investigated 178 MAPK signaling pathway related genes that were significantly and differentially expressed between the intestinal mucosal layers of the NE-afflicted and control chickens. In total, 15 MAPK pathway genes were further measured by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) and the results were consistent with the RNA-sequencing data. All 178 identified genes were annotated through Gene Ontology and mapped onto the KEGG chicken MAPK signaling pathway. Several key genes of the MAPK pathway, ERK1/2, JNK1-3, p38 MAPK, MAP2K1-4, $NF-{\kappa}B1/2$, c-Fos, AP-1, Jun-D, and Jun, were differentially expressed in the two chicken lines. Therefore, we believe that RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis provide resourceful information for future studies on MAPK signaling of genetically disparate chicken lines in response to pathogens.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-66
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• 2001

A 900 g seven-month-old female scarlet macaw was referred to Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with history of rupture of a crop. Formula leaking from the crop fistula onto the chest feathers was found. According to history taking, and physical examination, the avian was diagnosed as the burns on both right and left surface of the crop. After anesthetizing it with ketamine(50 mg/kg, IV), necrotic tissue of the skin and crop was excised. The crop wall and skin were closed in layer by layer. Metronidazole (50 mg/kg, sid, PO) was administered for 5 days postoperatively. The meal was given frequently with smaller amount. There has not been any digestive problem for 2 months after treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

접목 과정에서 형성되는 새로운 2차목부의 특징을 광학현미경 및 전자현미경적 차원에서 조사하고자 해송(Pinus thunbergii)을 사용하여 자가접목(autograft)을 실시하였다. 조직학적으로 접목은 괴사층의 형성, 치유조직(callus)의 형성 및 발달, 새로운 형성층의 분화 및 새로운 2차조직의 형성 등 4단계를 거치는 것으로 나타났다. 접목 초기에 형성된 괴사층은 펙틴과 리그닌 성분으로 구성되어 있었으며, 점진적으로 분해되어 대목과 접수가 결합하는 시점에 소멸되었다. 접목 초기에 축적되었던 전분 입자와 지질은 접목이 진행될수록 점진적으로 감소하였으며 세포질 내 소기관, 핵 및 원형질연락사의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 유세포로 구성된 치유조직으로부터 접목 15일후부터 새로운 형성층(neocambium)이 발달하였으며, 이곳에서 새로운 2차조직이 형성되기 시작했다. 새로운 2차목부는 형성층에서 기원하는 정상적인 2차목부와는 다른 분화 및 형태를 나타냈다. 새로운 2차목부는 망상 또는 벽공상의 비후에 의한 2차벽을 갖는 가도관 요소에서 기원하였으며, 2차벽의 형성은 비후된 세포벽 사이를 충전시키는 형태로써 진행되었다. 2차벽의 형성은 불균일하고 간헐적이었으며 형성된 2차벽의 두께는 불균일하였다. 새로운 2차목부의 가도관은 S자 또는 소용돌이 모양을 지니는 것으로 수평 방향으로 배열되었다.