• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 1973

Various concentration of formaldehyde solution (1%, 5%, 10%) were applied to cut pulp surface, for 3 minutes and the remaining pulp were carefully examined histo-pathologically. The result were as follows, 1. One week survival group which were treated by 1% formaldehyde solution showed seperation of odontoblast layer randomly and the weil's zone was undistinguishable. Deeper portion of this area was necrotic or coagulated. 2. Two week survival group which were treated 1% formaldehyde solution showed necrotic appearance spread from odontoblastic layer to weil's zone. 3. One and two week survival group which were treated 5% formaldehyde solution showed the odontoblastic layer was highly necrotic, under this zone empty net-work was seen. 4. One and two week survival group treated 10% formaldehyde solution showed complete destruction of pulp.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2017

A 2-year-old female Maltese dog was admitted with a history of pyometra and resulting peritonitis and septicemia. Uterine specimen sampled by ovariohysterectomy was processed routinely for histopathological observation. Grossly, the uterine mucosa was covered with necrotic debris and on the cut surface, lesion extended into the uterine wall. Microscopically, severe necrosis was observed throughout thickened mucosa, submucosa, and wall of uterus. Tumorous lesions composed of anaplastic cells with bizarre nuclei or tubular structures of cuboidal to short columnar cells were infrequently observed around the necrotic lesions and muscular layer far from necrotic areas. Immunohistochemically, central necrotic area with ambiguous cell and tissue structures, peri-necrotic tumor lesions, and muscular layer were strongly positive for cytokeratin. Since huge necrosis of adenocarcinoma lesions in this case made it difficult to diagnose, immunohistochemical results enable to diagnose as a severe necrotizing adenocarcinoma. Thus, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in this case may serve as an important knowledge to diagnose uterine adenocarcinoma with huge necrosis in the veterinary field.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 1999

Clinically, three holstein dairy cattle showed the inappetence and decrease of milk production with severe lameness and pain. Grossly, strawberry-like proliferation of the skin between the heel bulbs were observed 4${\times}$5${\times}$1.5cm in size. Histopathologically, severe hyperplasia of epidermis, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and multifocal ulceration of cornified cell layer, acanthosis, spongiosis of prickle cell layer and irregular arrangement of basal cell layer were seen. And focally observed the lesions of necrotic vasculitis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and hemorrhage. Spirochete bacteria were found in necrotic and outer proliferated epidermal cells by Levaditi's silver stain. Clinical and pathological findings were consistent with dermatitis verrucosa.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1977

After a vital pulpotomy in dogs' teeth, the responses of the remaining pulp tissue under calcium hydroxide and formocresol were studied histologically. The class I and V cavities were prepared on the teeth and the pulp was amputated. Calcium hydroxide and formocresol were placed over the amputated tissue and the cavities were sealed with zine oxide eugenol cement and zinc phosphate cement. Animals. were sacrifice after 1, 2, and 3 weeks following the operation. The teeth were decalcfied, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic examination reveals as follows; 1. Healing of the pulp at the amputation site did not occur in the pulps treated with formocresol. 2. At one week, a thin layer of darker staining tissues just below the necrotic zone was presented in the pulps treated with formocresol. In this stage the tissues beneath the darker staining layer were normal. 3. At two weeks, the cells of the palest staining layer were showed indistinct nucleus which suggested the karyolysis and the karyorrhexis in the pulps treated with formocoresol. As reached to the middle third of the pulp, the odontoblasts were scarcely evident or missed in this stage. 4. At three weeks, the necrotic zone was reached to the middle third of the pulp canal. The cells beneath the zone showed massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pulps treated with formocresol. 5. Dentin bridge in the control group was deposited below the necrotic zone from the two. weeks later. 6. Normal tissues were observed ill the apical third of all. the dental pulps in all case of calcium hydroxide and formocresol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2017

Objective: Despite an increasing number of investigations into the pathophysiology of necrotic enteritis (NE) disease, etiology of NE-associated diseases, and gene expression profiling of NE-affected tissues, the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of NE-affected poultry have been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to induce NE disease in the genetically disparate Fayoumi chicken lines, and to perform non-coding RNA sequencing in the intestinal mucosal layer. Methods: NE disease was induced in the Fayoumi chicken lines (M5.1 and M15.2), and non-coding RNA sequencing was performed in the intestinal mucosal layer of both NE-affected and uninfected chickens to examine the differential expression of miRNAs. Next, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR) was performed to further examine four miRNAs that showed the highest fold differences. Finally, bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the four miRNAs target genes involvement in the signaling pathways, and to examine their interaction. Results: According to non-coding RNA sequencing, total 50 upregulated miRNAs and 26 downregulated miRNAs were detected in the NE-induced M5.1 chickens. While 32 upregulated miRNAs and 11 downregulated miRNAs were detected in the NE-induced M15.2 chickens. Results of real-time qPCR analysis on the four miRNAs (gga-miR-9-5p, gga-miR-20b-5p, ggamiR-196-5p, and gga-let-7d) were mostly correlated with the results of RNAseq. Overall, ggamiR-20b-5p was significantly downregulated in the NE-induced M5.1 chickens and this was associated with the upregulation of its top-ranking target gene, mitogen-activated protein kinase, kinase 2. Further bioinformatics analyses revealed that 45 of the gene targets of gga-miR-20b-5p were involved in signal transduction and immune system-related pathways, and 35 of these targets were predicted to interact with each other. Conclusion: Our study is a novel report of miRNA expression in Fayoumi chickens, and could be very useful in understanding the role of differentially expressed miRNAs in a NE disease model.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.168-171
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• 1999

Crude extracts of pathogenic Streptomyces turgidiscabies isolates produced necrotic reaction on potato slices. Necrosis was first visible 24 hr after application and increased in severity over several days. However, necrosis was not observed when crude extracts of nonpathogenic strains were applied onto tuber slices. Presence of thaxtomin A from crude extracts of pathogenic S. turgidiscabies was identified by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Nonpathgenic strains did not produce thaxtomin A in oatmeal broth. Inoculation of potato tuber slices with thaxtomin A partially purified from crude extract of a pathogenic S. turgidiscabies ST5 reproduce necrotic reaction suggesting that thaxtomin A is a pathogenicity determinant in S. turgidiscabies.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1007-1012
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• 1996

The purpose of the survey was to understand the field situation on the occurrence of enteric diseases in poultry farms in Korea. During the period from January of 1991 to December, 1992, 279(35.8%) out of 779 farms surveyed experienced the cases of enteritis in their chickens. The farms with diarrheal problems consisted of 157(45.1%) of 348 broiler flock, 28(32.6%) of 86 breeder flock, and 94(27.2%) of 345 layer flock. The main diseases causing enteritis were frequently appeared as infectious bursal disease(27.3%), colibacillosis(22.6%), and coccidiosis(8.6%). Necrotic enteritis(NE) in chicken occurred in 21 farms(2.7%) among 779 farms examined. The outbreaks of NE were divided 4.7% in breeders, 4.0% in broilers, and 0.9% in layers, respectively. NE occurred mainly in the age(71.4%) of 20~30 days and the mortality was varying from 1.4% to 10.0% for broilers, 3.0% for layers and 0.8% for breeders. Seasonal prevalence of NE showed the highest as 52.4% in summer and followed by 33.3% in autumn, 9.5% in spring and 4.5% in winter.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.199-209
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• 2017

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play a key role in innate immunity, inflammation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death. The main objective of this study was to investigate the expression level of candidate MAPK pathway genes in the intestinal mucosal layer of two genetically disparate chicken lines (Marek's disease-resistant line 6.3 and Marek's disease-susceptible line 7.2) induced with necrotic enteritis (NE). Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we investigated 178 MAPK signaling pathway related genes that were significantly and differentially expressed between the intestinal mucosal layers of the NE-afflicted and control chickens. In total, 15 MAPK pathway genes were further measured by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) and the results were consistent with the RNA-sequencing data. All 178 identified genes were annotated through Gene Ontology and mapped onto the KEGG chicken MAPK signaling pathway. Several key genes of the MAPK pathway, ERK1/2, JNK1-3, p38 MAPK, MAP2K1-4, $NF-{\kappa}B1/2$, c-Fos, AP-1, Jun-D, and Jun, were differentially expressed in the two chicken lines. Therefore, we believe that RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis provide resourceful information for future studies on MAPK signaling of genetically disparate chicken lines in response to pathogens.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-66
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• 2001

A 900 g seven-month-old female scarlet macaw was referred to Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with history of rupture of a crop. Formula leaking from the crop fistula onto the chest feathers was found. According to history taking, and physical examination, the avian was diagnosed as the burns on both right and left surface of the crop. After anesthetizing it with ketamine(50 mg/kg, IV), necrotic tissue of the skin and crop was excised. The crop wall and skin were closed in layer by layer. Metronidazole (50 mg/kg, sid, PO) was administered for 5 days postoperatively. The meal was given frequently with smaller amount. There has not been any digestive problem for 2 months after treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Grafted tissues were investigated using various microscopic techniques. Pinus thunbergii was used as stock and scion and autografted by cleft graft method. Histochemically, grafting processes can be proceeded by four stages: 1) formation of necrotic layer, 2) proliferation of callus, 3) development of neo-cambium from callus, and 4) restoration of new vascular xylem. Necrotic la yer composed of pectin and lignin was gradually degraded during grafting process and disappeared when new union was formed between stock and scion. A large number of starch and lipid bodies in the cytoplasm were also gradually degraded during grafting process and disappeared at the grafting interface. Nucleus and plasmodesmata were not changed. Bubble-like callus was generated from all living parenchyma cells and from the callus. The tracheary elements differentiated from the callus had either reticulate or pit-like thickenings in the secondary walls with bordered pits. Secondary cell wall thickening occurred toward filing to the void parts between reticulated secondary wall. Tracheids formed in the secondary xylem were short with irregular wall thickness. New secondary xylem cells with swirled shapes, which developed in graft union were oriented horizontally and obliquely to axis of the stem.