• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.79-110
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• 2010

In this paper I will consider the Rousseauistic origin of Knat's theory of Freedom. Kant's autonomous freedom which is the main theme of the Critique of practical Reason have three characteristic elements, namely spontaneity, self-lawmaking and universal validity. Rousseau mentions three kinds of freedom in his works. Natural freedom which is treated in Discourse on the origin of inequality is freedom which a man in natural state have. I proved that natural freedom is the origin of Kant's theory of spontaneity that is a essential part of autonomous freedom. Social freedom which is treated in Social contract is deeply connected with general will. General will is the power of self-lawmaking. We can easily conclude that Rousseau's social freedom is the origin of Kant's theory of self-legislation which is another essential part of autonomous freedom. The last essential part of Kant's autonomous freedom is universality that is inseparably connected with Rousseau's moral freedom which is largely mentioned in Emlie.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.17
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• pp.7-36
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• 2001

This thesis discussed the nature of freedom of speech with emphasis on Locke's theory of social contract. First, I examined the nature of freedom of speech induced from Locke's social contract, and argued that the nature of Locke's freedom of speech exists on the self-ownership of humans. Secondly, I studied how Locke's right of self-ownership was related to the right of freedom of speech and how it is realized in civil society. I could analyze how freedom of speech was actualized with un-equality in the social relations. Thirdly, I investigated how locke's possessive freedom of speech was materialized in the market society. I tried to find out the nature of freedom of speech actualization in the capitalist market society. Finally, 1 studied to what extent the state of Locke could intervene the freedom of speech and reconsidered the meaning of locke's limit of natural risht in modern society. Conclusively, Locke's notion of Natural Right and Law of Nature have greatly influenced contemporary idea of free speech. His idea helps understand the position of liberal democratic speech. It also shows well the relation of freedom of speech and Natural Right and has helped us understand freedom of speech in terms of the position of the right of property.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2108-2117
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the exciter attached for the measurement of natural frequencies when extracting the frequency response functions of the test structure in experimental modal analysis. The procedure is first to model the attached exciter as an additional degree of freedom system and next to verify the suggested model by experimentally extracting the natural frequencies of the test structure with various values of exciter mass, stinger stiffness and attachment position of the exciter on the test structure. It is concluded that as additional degree of freedom system which includes the natural frequency of the exciter itself and axial stiffness of stinger should be considered to quantatively define the coupling effects of structure-exciter interaction on the measured natural frequencies. It is not the mass of the exciter itself but the coupling effect of the additional degree of freedom mass-spring system consisting of exciter body and armature coil that characterizes the natural frequency deviation. Therefore, when the natural frequency of this additional mass-spring system is outside of the test frequency range, the coupling effect of structure-exciter interaction can be minimized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.395-396
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• 2009

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.561-573
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• 2011

For efficient calculation of natural modes of structures, a numerical scheme which accelerates convergence of the subspace iteration method by employing accelerated starting Lanczos vectors was proposed in 2005. This paper is an extension of the study. The previous study simply showed feasibility of the proposed method by analyzing structures with smaller degrees of freedom. While, the present study verifies efficiency of the proposed method more rigorously by comparing closeness of conventional and accelerated starting vectors to genuine eigenvectors. This study also analyzes an example structure with larger degrees of freedom and more complex constraints in order to investigate applicability of the proposed method.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.123
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• pp.165-187
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• 2012

Our freedom is natural, however we are amazed at the fact that we don't sometimes have the freedom. we have to have a freedom and must be a freedom. But we think our life is restrained. Why do we think that? This is due to epistemological thinking. Also critic of Sartre' freedom is due to that. Especially Merleau-Ponty's researchers say that Sartre is an epistemologist on the problem of the freedom and his freedom is an absolute freedom. Aim of this paper is to find out problem of the critic. To achieve this, first we need to exmaine what absoulte freedom is. It is abstract and ideological. According to Merleau-Ponty, it dosen't exist. This paper argues that Sartre's freedom is not epistemoligical but ontological. It is going to come out in relation between '$l^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre-en-soi$' and '$l^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre-en-soi$'. Then, on the problem of the freedom, we can discover that Sartre and Merleau-Ponty are no different from each other. Finally, As I argue about Merleau-Ponty's freedom, I will show that it is 'a freedom of situation' and 'a freedom of choice'. Also, This freedom is Sartre's freedom. Sartre showes a situation is my freedom.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.67-77
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• 2009

This paper is a continuation of a recent development on the Hermite-based divergence-free element method and deals with a non-isothermal fluid flow driven by the buoyancy force in a square cavity with temperature difference across the two sides. Two Hermite functions are considered for numerical computations in this paper. One is a cubic function and the other is a quartic function. The degrees-of-freedom of the cubic Hermite function are stream function and its first and second derivatives for the velocity field, and temperature and its first derivatives for the temperature field. The degrees-of-freedom of the quartic Hermite function include two second derivatives and one cross derivative of the stream function in addition to the degrees-of-freedom of the cubic stream function. This paper presents a brief review on the Hermite based divergence-free basis functions and its finite element formulations for the buoyancy driven flow. The present algorithm does not employ any upwinding or a stabilization term. However, numerical values and contour graphs for major flow variables showed good agreements with those by De Vahl Davis[6].

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1 s.31
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

For offshore structures, dynamic analysis becomes increasingly important as water depth increases and structural configuration becomes more slender. In the case of dynamic analysis of frame structures, much computer time and high cost are required due to many degrees of freedom, In this paper, a new technique of permutating a segment of frame structure to a beam is developed, which is called here Beam Permutation Technique. The technique is based on definition of stiffness matrix of the beam which is obtained by defining the actions(or forces) required to obtain unit translation or rotation for each degree of freedom wiht al other degree of freedom restrained to zero displacement or rotation. In the technique, an assumption is made that relative positions of nodes in the ends of the segment are not variable, The technique can significantly reduce the degrees of freedom of frame structures and thus the computiong time in dynamic analysis. The natural frequencies and static displacements of the permutated beam are obtained and compared to those of ANSYS with a good agreement.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2021

This research examines the effect of positively skewed population distribution on the two sample t-test through simulation. For simulation work, two independent samples were selected from the same chi-square distributions with 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 degrees of freedom and sample sizes 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, respectively. Chi-square distribution is largely skewed to the right at small degrees of freedom and getting symmetric as the degrees of freedom increase. Simulation results show that the sampled populations are distributed positively skewed like chi-square distribution with small degrees of freedom, the F-test for the equality of variances shows poor performances even at the relatively large degrees of freedom and sample sizes like 30 for both, and so it is recommended to avoid using F-test. When two population variances are equal, the skewness of population distribution does not affect on the t-test in terms of the confidence level. However even though for the highly positively skewed distribution and small sample sizes like three or five the t-test achieved the nominal confidence level, the error limits are very large at small sample size. Therefore, if the sampled population is expected to be highly skewed to the right, it will be recommended to use relatively large sample size, at least 20.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2003

A finite element based on the efficient higher order zig-zag theory with multiple delaminations Is developed to refine the predictions of frequency and mode shapes. Displacement field through the thickness are constructed by superimposing linear zig-zag field to the smooth globally cubic varying field. The layer-dependent degrees of freedom of displacement fields are expressed in terms of reference primary degrees of freedom by applying interface continuity conditions including delaminated interfaces as well as free hounding surface conditions of transverse shear stresses. Thus the proposed theory is not only accurate but also efficient. This displacement field can systematically handle the number, shape, size, and locations of delaminations. Throught the dynamic version of variational approach, the dynamic equilibrium equations and variationally consistent boundary conditions are obtained. Through the natural frequency analysis and time response analysis of composite plate with multiple delaminations, the accuracy and efficiency of the present finite element are demonstrated. The present finite element is suitable in the predictions of the dynamic response of the thick composite plate with multiple delaminations.