• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2008

The antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of extruded ginseng extract (EGE) with 60% ethanol and methanol were investigated. The inhibitory activity of the EGE in Gram-positive bacteria was significantly higher than in Gram-negative bacteria. Higher antibacterial activity was observed with methanol ginseng extract when moisture content and barrel temperature were 20% and $115^{\circ}C$, respectively, that diameter of inhibition zone at 1,500 mg/mL was $15.40{\pm}0.13\;mm$ for Bacillus subtilis and $9.31{\pm}0.05\;mm$ for Salmonella typhimurium. The amount of total phenolics was highest in extruded ginseng at 20% moisture content and $115^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature. Especially, a positive correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH) system, all tested extract of extruded ginseng at 20% moisture content exhibited very strong antioxidant properties when compared to red ginseng with percent scavenging effect of 23-35% at 20mg/mL. In conclusion, it can be said that the extracts of extruded ginseng could be used as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in the food preservation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.712-723
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• 2019

Chemically synthesized compounds are widely used in oral hygiene products. However, excessively long-term use of these chemicals can cause undesirable side effects such as bacterial tolerance, allergy, and tooth discoloration. To solve these issues, significant effort is put into the search for natural antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to assess the extracts of foreign native plants that inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Among the 300 foreign plant extracts used in this study, Chesneya nubigena (D. Don) Ali extract had the highest antimicrobial activity relatively against S. mutans with a clear zone of 9 mm when compared to others. This plant extract also showed anti-biofilm activity and bacteriostatic effect (minimal bactericidal concentration [MBC], 1.5 mg/ml). In addition, the plant extracts of 19 species decreased the ability of S. mutans to form biofilm at least a 6-fold in proportion to the tested concentrations. Of particular note, C. nubigena (D. Don) Ali extract was found to inhibit biofilm formation at the lowest concentration tested effectively. Therefore, our results reveal that C. nubigena (D. Don) Ali extract is a potential candidate for the development of antimicrobial substitutes, which might be effective for caries control as well, as demonstrated by its inhibitory effect on the persistence and pathogenesis of S. mutans.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.447-455
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• 2011

To investigate the effects of the improvement of postharvest quality on fresh tomato, antimicrobial microperforated (AMP) films were prepared and their antimicrobial abilities were observed. AMP films were made by coating different types of natural antimicrobial agents such as cinnamon, clove, and clary sage essential oils into microperforated (MP) films. Cinnamon essential oil of 10% (v/v) has proven to be very effective as inhibitor of the mold growth on tomato, compared to the clove and clary sage essential oils. Quality changes of fresh tomatoes packed using the natural AMP films (AMP10 and AMP30) and MP films (MP10 and MP30) during storage were evaluated. Total microbial growth, weight loss, firmness, lycopene content, and decay rate as the major quality parameters were monitored over 9 days at $15^{\circ}C$. The oxygen transmission rates and mechanical properties between the natural AMP and MP films were also compared. There was no significant difference in change of oxygen transmission rate, tensile strength and elongation between the AMP and MP films. For storage studies, the freshness of tomato packaged in AMP30 film was higher than that in OPP film (the control), MP10, MP30, and AMP10 films. Especially, AMP30 film exhibited high efficiency compared to the control for tomato decay during storage periods. Based on the results, the microperforation and antimicrobial properties of the packaged films may significantly affect the maintenance of an optimum gas composition within the package atmosphere for increasing the storage life and quality of produce. They were also effective on the inhibition of microbial growth by controlled release of antimicrobial agent at an appropriate rate from the package into the tomato. Natural antimicrobial agent coating microperforated films could use potential functional package as a method of extending the freshness of postharvest tomato for storage.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

Honeybee venom (BV) from Apis mellifera L. has been used as natural antimicrobial compounds in pigs, cows, dairy cattle and chicken farms in Korea. The purpose of this study was conducted to confirm homogeneity and stability of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution. Melittin was analyzed with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for BV to secure the validation of analysis. BV at concentration of 1 mg/mL was dissolved with distilled water or saline solution at room temperature. Homogeneity of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution at upper, milddle, and lower layers all satisfied the accuracy and precision criteria. Stability of BV dissolved with distilled water or saline solution for 7 days all satisfied the criterion both light and dark storage condition. BV has satisfied with homogeneity and stability in distilled water or saline solution at room temperature under light or dark condition. The results of this study suggest that BV has a possibility as the substitute of natural antimicrobial agents for the animal drugs and feed additives.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2015

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), X. campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), and Pectobacterium carotovorum pv. carotovorum (Pcc) are the causative agents of bacterial blight in rice, bacterial spot in pepper, and bacterial soft rot in carrot and cabbage, respectively. To isolate novel microbial extracts with antimicrobial activities against these bacteria, approximately 5,300 different Streptomyces extracts were prepared and tested. Microbial cultures from various Streptomyces strains isolated from the Jeju Island, Baekam, Mankyoung river, Jiri mountain etc. in Korea were extracted into three different factions -secreted hydrophobic, secreted hydrophilic, and mycelia- using ethyl acetate, water, and methanol. Initially, 34, 29, and 10 extracts were selected as having antibacterial activities against Xoo, Xcv, and Pcc, respectively. Extracts 1169G4, 1172E9, and 1172E10 had the highest growth inhibition activities against both Xoo and Xcv, and extracts 1151H7 and 1152H7 showed the highest growth inhibition activities against Pcc.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2010

The chemical structures of eight compounds purified from two plants (Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow and Dioscorea batatas Decene) were determined and their anti-microbial activity against three microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans) was tested. The three micro organisms were cultured in 96-well plates or Petri dishes without (control) or with the eight compounds added at concentrations of 100 to 0.01 ${\mu}M$ (wt/vol). The growth of the microorganisms in the medium was examined after a 24-h incubation. The inhibitory effect of each compound on the growth of the microorganisms was calculated from the optical density measured at 595 nm, turbidity, and size of the inhibition zone around the treated paper disc. The minimum inhiitory concentration (MIC) of compounds 4 to 7 against S. aureus was 0.08, 0.05, 1.3 and 0.02 ${\mu}M$, respectively, and 0.09, 0.1, 0.2 and 100 ${\mu}M$ against C. albicans. The $IC_{50}$ (50% inhibition) values of compounds 5 and 6 were 3.1 and 6.4 ${\mu}M$ against S. aureus, respectively, and 10 and 2.4 ${\mu}M$ against C. albicans. Therefore, compounds 4 to 6 were the most potent anti-microbial agents among the eight compounds tested.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are typical opportunistic pathogens. Moreover, these bacteria are known to possess multidrug-resistant (MDR) properties. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of six fermented products, which have varying efficacies against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus. To identify novel candidate genes, differential expression analysis was performed using an annealing control primer. In the disk diffusion method, Fig vinegar (FV) and Diospyros kaki Thunb vinegar (DTV) showed the greatest increase in inhibition compared to other fermented products, whereas fermented Korean traditional nature herb (FKTNH) had no antibacterial effect. This study identified down-regulation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ompW gene for outer membrane protein W, whereas gene for synthetic construct Lao1 gene for L-amino acid oxidase were up-regulated in E. coli treated with 5% FV. Consuming fermented vinegar helps prevent bacterial infections. Especially, FV and DTV are potentially useful alternative natural products for multidrug resistance. Furthermore, both are expected to be used as effective natural antimicrobial agents, such as disinfectants.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.256-263
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• 2023

Species in the genus Trametes (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) have been used in natural medicine for a long time. Many studies reported that mycelia or fruiting bodies of Trametes spp. exhibited effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. However, comparative analysis in this genus is scarce due to limitation of morphological identification and the sample number. In this study, the 19 strains of seven Trametes species were chosen to generate a five-gene-based phylogeny with the 31 global references. In addition, 39 culture extracts were prepared for 13 strains to test for anticancer and antibacterial activities. Strong anticancer activities were found in several extracts from T. hirsuta and T. suaveolens. Anticancer activities of T. suaveolens, T. cf. junipericola and T. trogii were first described here. The antibacterial ability of T. versicolor and T. hirsuta extracts has been confirmed. The antibacterial activities of T. suaveolens have been reported at the first time in this study. These results suggest an efficient application of the genus Trametes as the drug resources especially for anticancer agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.788-799
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effect of mordants on the dyeability colorfastness to light and to laundering and biological properties of mordanted and natural-dyed cotton and silk substrates. Natural red dyes were extracted from Caesalpinia Sappan L. (Sappan wood) and Rubia Akane Nakai (Madder) by boil water Five different compounds of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and Sn were used as mordanting agents. The result of this study are sumarized as follows ; 1. In the of the fabrics mordanted and dyed with sappan wood K/S value increases and λmax shifts to the longer wavelength as mordant concentration increases. Color of the fabrics dyed with sappan wood and madder change to redder bluer and lighter after mordanting. 2. As the number of repetition of dyeing-mordnating process increase the color of the dyed fabrics tend to be redder bluer and darker. Mordanted dyes with Al and Sn make chroma increase. The quantity of mordant absorbed in the silk fabric increase as mordant concentration increase. More Fe is absorbed in silk than Cr is. 3. After being exposed to light the fabrics dyed with sappan wood and madder change to less red Fe and Cu mordanting yeild better colorfastness to light than others does. Natural-dyed fabrics exposed to light tend to be faded and whitened in CIELAB chromaticity co-ordinates. So we might trace back the original color of ancient faded fabrics by changes in color of natural dyes. 4. After washing the colors of natural dyes change to more blue, Fe and Cu mordanting give better colorfastness to wash than others do. 5. The soil-burial cotton is more susceptible to mildew and rot than the silk is. Antimicrobial activity of the natural-dyed cotton can be enhanced by Cu and silk can be enhanced by Cu and Cr mordanting respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1370-1374
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• 2005

The Tosyl-JM3 (TJM3) is a modified compound from one of 1,2,3,4-Tetra- hydroisoquinoline (THIQ) derivatives. The THIQs include potent cytotoxic agents that display a range of anti-tumor activities, antimicrobial activity, and other biological properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of TJM3 on the cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells). TJM3 showed a significant cytotoxic activity in HL-60 cells (IC50 = approximately $60{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) after a 24 hr incubation. Treatment of HL-60 cells with TJM3 exhibited several features of apoptosis, including formation of DNA ladders in agarose gel electrophoresis, morphological changes of HL-60 cells with DAPI stain. Here we observed that TJM3 caused a decrease of procaspase-3 protein. Further molecular analysis demonstrated that TJM3 led to cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by western blot and increase of hypodiploid (Sub-G1) population in the flow cytometric analysis. In conclusion, these above results indicate that TJM3 dramatically suppresses HL-60 cell growth and induces apoptosis. These data may support a possibility for the use of TJM3 in the prevention and treatment of leukemia.