• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

전 세계적으로 대형 공원 설계공모가 급증하고 있지만 이에 대한 체계적 검토와 비판적 연구는 드물다. 대표적인 대형 공원 설계공모였던 행정중심복합도시 중앙녹지공간 국제설계공모는 동시대 대형 공원의 설계 전략을 고찰할 수 있는 의미 있는 소재이다. 본 연구는 공모전의 지침서 및 '대형 공원'과 관련된 기존의 문헌 연구를 통해 분석틀을 마련하고, 이를 바탕으로 열개의 결선작을 분석하였다. 분석틀로 도출된 네 가지 질문은 대형 공원에 대한 접근 방식, 프로세스 설계, 공원의 지속가능성, 도시와의 관계이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대형 공원의 설계 개념은 주로 대상지 내부의 특성에서 나온다. 특히 공원의 정체성 확보가 대형 공원에서는 중요하다. 둘째, 본 연구의 네 가지 질문을 모두 만족시킨 설계안은 찾기 어려웠으며, 여전히 시각적, 형태중심적, 결과중심적 설계가 많았다. 셋째, 대형 공원의 '지속가능성'은 생태적 측면, 재정적 측면, 프로그램 측면, 커뮤니티 측면 등 다양한 측면을 아우르는 포괄적인 개념이다. 하지만 그 개념이 아직 모호하고, 구체적인 운영 및 관리 프로그램들이 부족하다. 넷째, 대형 공원은 도시와의 관계 맺기에 적극적으로 나선다. 특히, '생산하는 공원'과 '도시의 자급자족성 확보'는 대형 공원에 요청되는 중요한 필요조건이다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제3_4권1호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1994

The "First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics" is an annual competition in research projects in physics for secondary (high) school pupils organized by the Institute od Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences. This year the second competition of that type has been completed. Pupils from 36 countries took part in the first two competitions, what certainly should be treated as a great success. We have organized the above competition for the following reasons. During our contacts with secondary school pupils we discovered that some of them try to perform different physical investigations by themselves: at schools, in some laboratories and even at home. Then we decided to organize the National Competition in Pupils' Research Projects in Physics and next - after gaining some experience in the national scale - the international competition "First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics". Our aim was to recognize the effort of the pupils, give them a chance to compare their own achievements with the achievements of their colleagues and organize their work. One should underline that the "First Step" refers to quite different features (long term research work) of the pupils than the International Physics Olympiad (solving well formulated physics problems). The prizes in our competition are not typical. Instead of buying some items for our winners we decided to invite them to our Institute for a research stay. In our opinion in case of people whose hobby is physics such a form of prize is more valuable and more instructive than anything else. The aim of this article is to discuss a genesis of the competition, to present conditions of participation and to discuss the results.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2016

Since the 1980s, the number of large space buildings in Korea has consistently been increasing due to large scale international competitions such as the Olympics and the World Cup, demands for environmental improvement, and development of structural systems. Due to these reasons, this paper conducted a comparative analysis on terrorism risk factors of large space structure and skyscrapers in Korea. The results suggest that the total risk level of high-rise and large space structure was "medium level risk" and that the terrorism risk level for large space structure was as high as that for high-rise buildings. As it relates to the risk levels depending on scenarios, terrorism risks to large space structure were higher than high-rise buildings in the "internal explosion" and "internal intrusion" categories. And the results of analyzing explosion-related scenarios except for CBR suggest that terrorism risks to large space structure were highest when it comes to Internal-Explosive followed by Internal-Intrusion and Explosive-Zone I; and the results showed a regular pattern. On the other hand, in the case of high-rise buildings, terrorism risks were highest in Internal-Explosive followed by Explosive-Zone I and Explosive-Zone II; and the results showed an irregular pattern.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2019

Purpose - Underdog positioning is often used to evoke a positive attitude when interacting with consumers. However, little research has been conducted on the market competition structure and innovation contexts in which underdog positioning produces the most impact. This research aims to investigate unexplored boundary conditions of underdog positioning and addresses two issues: market structures (oligopoly vs monopolistic competition) and perceived firm innovativeness (PFI). Design/methodology - Two one-way ANOVA designs (market structures: monopolistic competitions vs. oligopoly; perceived frim innovativeness: strong vs. weak) were randomly assigned to 297 graduate and undergraduate students (52 % female) majoring in business. Study 1 examined the effect of underdog positioning on consumer attitudes in the different market structures. Study 2 investigated the relationship between underdog effect and consumer attitudes through viewing conditions that varied in PFI. Findings - Drawing on the results of the study, the authors conclude that underdog positioning is effective to generate more positive consumer attitudes when employed in the market structure of monopolistic competition rather than oligopoly. Moreover, both underdog and top dog positioning are likely to generate more positive consumer attitudes when accompanied with strong PFI than weak PFI. Originality/value -This is the first study to distinguish between monopolistic competition and oligopoly market structures with underdog positioning as well as to demonstrate a positive effect of PFI, regardless of the type of brand narratives.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.495-506
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• 2017

Objectives: Weight control practices are common in combat sport athletes. This study was performed to examine nutrient intakes of male college combat sport athletes (taekwondo, boxing, judo) by weight control (WC) status. Methods: Subjects were male combat sport athletes (n=90) from colleges in Gyeonggi Province. Survey was conducted during 2016. Questionnaire included general characteristics, weight control, and dietary intakes during the period of training, weight control, weigh-in ~ before competition and between competitions. Subjects were grouped into high- and normal WC groups. T-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data. Results: During training, energy intake was 75.4% of EER and C:P:F ratio was 57.5:13.9:28.7. Iron and zinc intakes were different by WC groups (p<0.05). During weight control, energy intake was 44.7% of EER in normal WC and 30.5% in high WC group (p<0.05). C:P:F ratio was 69:11.1:19.5, and ratio from protein and fat was lower in the high WC group (p<0.05). Most nutrient intakes during weight control were less than 50% of 2015 KDRIs (RNI or AI), and intakes including thiamin (p<0.01), vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, folate, calcium, potassium and zinc (p<0.05) were significantly lower in the high WC. Energy intake after weighing before the competition was 1,315 kcal, and energy (kcal/kg BW, p<0.05) and carbohydrate intakes (g/kg BW, p<0.01) were significantly higher in the high WC group. Energy intake between competitions was 691.1 kcal, with no difference by the WC group. Conclusions: Nutrients intakes of combat sport athletes were inadequate. Dietary intakes during weight control were much below than the KDRIs, especially in the high WC group. It is needed to develop nutrition education programs for combat sport athletes to avoid severe energy restrictions and to apply specific dietary guides to each period of training and weight control.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2018

Planning and designing training facilities has been developed from educational facilities, and increasingly diversified society has raised a need for facilities dedicated to training and education in a differentiated space separate from the one for regular works. This particular need of our times has led to the expansion of training facilities nationwide although they have something to be desired when it comes to planning and designing with sustainability associated with the locational characteristics of urban space as well as the unique types of facilities taken into account. Against this backdrop, this study will examined a variety of training facilities that have been established since 2000 through theoretical review and conduct intensive analysis on the characteristics of the planning aspects to suggest their significance and implications and to present the overall meanings and ramifications of planning approaches in consideration of new challenges modern training facilities are faced with, which have been revealed through architectural design competitions in recent years. The relevant implications are as follows. First, one of the locational advantages of training facilities, which is commanding beautiful scenery of the surrounding area, can be considered as intent to stress the aspect of a resort, one of the functions of any training facilities. As this study has demonstrated, many training facilities are located near around a beach or a lake. Second, training facilities can be classified into three different types in terms of their location: urban, suburban and resort and such locational characteristics are directly related to intended programs and differentiated links with target users. Third, the architectural styles of training institutes are differentiated in terms of harmonious arrangement between beautiful natural scenery and buildings in consideration of the layout characteristics of major facilities and the distance of ramps in and out of the facilities along with architectural features, including the transparency of building elevation and the type of slopes of roof structure. Fourth, the individual lodging buildings feature a variety of types depending on the design concept with different roles depending on the directional aspects such as the connection of ramps and the relations with the outside. Fifth, outdoor space plans are differentiated according to the intended purpose of training facilities. When it comes to gym facilities, for example, different outdoor space plans are found to be made depending on the original design concept such as outdoor playground-centered planning or golf facilities.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2011

본 연구는 현상설계제도의 운영 개선과 설계의 질적 제고를 위해 지침과 출품작의 내용관계를 상호 비교한 것이다. 연구대상 환경은 서울 외곽 그린벨트에서 최근 이루어진 항동 보금자리주택지구 조경현상설계로서, 그 설계지침과 이에 상응되는 입상작 3점의 내용관계를 비판적 안목에서 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 설계의 단초를 형성하는 원론 및 개념화 단계지침에서 작품의 전개방향을 미리 규정하는 측면이 다수 발견되었으며, 지침구성에 있어서도 내용적 가이드라인과 표현에 관한 지침이 비위계적으로 혼재하고 있었다. 지침의 이러한 구조양상은 응모안의 내용형식과 다음과 같이 연결된다. 즉, 설계전개방향과 관련된 지침이 지나치게 규정적이고 그 분량이 많아, 설계관점이 전체적으로 획일화되는 경향을 야기하고 있다. 이러한 점은 동시대의 가치를 반영하는 것처럼 보이는 현상설계 출품작에서 대안적 변화의 가능성을 읽기 어려운 까닭이 된다. 아울러 작품의 변별적 우수성을 드러내야 하는 현상설계의 속성상, 네이밍(naming)에 편승케하여 의미의 과잉을 야기하는 요인으로도 작용하고 있었다. 반면, 이와 대조적으로, 설계의 자율성이 보장되거나 심지어 당해 지침이 결여된 상태에서 응모안의 내용적 차별성과 변별성이 드러나고 있었다. 이러한 점은 현상설계 발주 당시 대상지의 여건과 환경특성, 그리고 요구되는 목표 등을 보다 면밀하게 감안하는 별도의 노력을 통해 지침의 내용과 구조형식이 마련되어야 할 것이라는 점을 잘 보여준다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.42-54
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• 2008

본 연구는 한국토지공사가 주최한 인천청라지구 조경설계공모(2008)의 분석을 통해 도시 기반시설로서 도시공원 설계의 성과와 그 수준을 비판적으로 검토한다. 이는 최근 도시공원 조경설계공모에 대한 이론적 비평이자 도시공원의 미래 위상을 구상하는 작업의 하나라는 의의를 지닌다. 기존에 연구된 설계공모 분석 방법을 고찰하여 인천청라지구 설계공모에 적합한 다층적 분석 방법을 마련하였고, 도시기반시설로서 도시공원에 대한 개념 연구와 랜드스케이프 어바니즘의 설계 전략에 대한 연구를 통해 도시공원 설계를 위한 9가지 주요어와 분석 항목의 틀을 작성하였다. 또한, 청라지구 설계공모의 지침을 분석하여 앞의 분석틀을 네트워킹, 부지, 생태, 스케일, 인프라스트럭쳐의 5가지의 주요어로 다시 정리한 후, 이를 청라지구 설계공모 출품작의 분석틀로 사용하였다. 청라지구 설계공모 출품작들에 대하여 설계 전략과 개념을 살펴보는 방법과 분석틀을 통하여 살펴보는 방법을 동시에 적용하여 종합 분석한 결과, 도시기반시설로서 도시공원을 설계하는 태도에 대한 몇 가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 개발지구라는 대상지의 특성에서 기인하는 상호 연관된 네트워킹과 스케일의 문제, 도시 이미지의 구축을 위한 장소성과 상징성의 창출, 그리고 생태적 도시 환경의 조성과 인프라스트럭처로서의 도시공원의 역할의 강조 등이 각 출품작들에서 나타났으며, 이는 출품작마다 다양한 해석을 통해 제안되고 있었다. 그러나 대부분의 작품에서 이러한 전략들은 단순한 형태의 구현이나 개념적인 해석에 머무른 경향이 있었으며, 통합적이고 실천적인 전략으로 발전되지 못한 아쉬움을 남긴다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2022

Educational reform in Ukraine encourages the use of multimedia technologies in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sports, which is one of the promising directions of education development. Therefore, the article specifies the content of the terms "innovation" and "technology". For modern society, the introduction of multimedia technologies in education is not so much theoretical as pragmatic, since under condition of globalization it concerns its historical development and prospects associated with the so-called "high technologies".Our goal is to improve the training of Physical Education and Sports specialists by means of multimedia technologies. All of innovative technologies can be divided into four groups, depending on the appropriate form of educational activity for their use. The development of multimedia technologies in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sport at the present stage of education development should be carried out in accordance with the criteria of manufacturability, which are presented in the article: scientism, to rely on the theoretical provisions of pedagogical science and methods of teaching the discipline, socially recognized educational goals, prospects for modernization of Education; consistency, which provides for the interaction of parts and the whole in the organization of the study environment, as a result of which the physical development of the young generation is an integral entity; guarantee, that is, the error between the planned and obtained results should be minimal; manageability, that is, full management of the stages of work of the teacher and students, which make up the completed cycle of actions; mass participation, for the purpose of applying the technology does not depend on the physical training of students, the pedagogical skill of the teacher and the type of educational institutions. The article presents the theory and method of organizing sports events and circuses in the training of specialists in Physical Education and Sports by means of multimedia technologies. In order to increase the level of physical development of a person, physical fitness and the state of health of students, which has a clear trend to constant deterioration, it is necessary to instill love for sports, carry out high-quality training and organize sports events using multimedia technologies. In the process of sports activities, the participants' mental education is carried out. There are two types of communication here: direct and indirect, which are described in the article.In games and sports competitions, there are many opportunities for forming rules of collective behavior. The main issues of the organization of sports activities by means of multimedia technologies have been clarified. During sports competitions, the tasks presented in Physical Education and sports classes are improved, which ensure the improvement of physical and theoretical training of the individual. The pleasure of sports, bright, emotional spectacles, confirmed by multimedia technologies, arises from the participation of the viewer in them.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2016

This study structurally analyzes major inefficiency of Korea's healthcare delivery system by utilizing the systems thinking. In particular, the phenomenon of patient's concentrated visits to large hospitals, waste of resource due to competitions between clinics and large hopitals, and the structure of oversupply were visualized using the causal loop diagram. The inefficient structure of healthcare delivery system can be understood more clearly by utilizing the major system archetypes of 'success to the successful', 'tragedy of commons', 'escalation' and 'limits to growth'. This study also finds solution from archetypal structure suggested by Wolstenholme. The inefficient status of healthcare delivery system might be explained by the 'out of control' archetype. In conclusion, the public resources such as the national health insurance need to be acknowledged as the entire achievement. All the participants should cooperate with each other in order to improve the inefficiency of the healthcare delivery system. In addition, the arrangement of incentive system for cooperation, acceleration of health information technology, and development of innovative business models make the sustainable healthcare delivery system.