• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

The roots of Opuntia humifusa (OHR) were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-butanol and $H_2O$, successively. The fractions were tested using DPPH and ABST radical scavenging method. The all fractions showed potent scavenging effects. The scavenging effect of the EtOAc fraction was higher than the other fractions, with $IC_{50}$ values as DPPH; $77.0{\pm}1.38{\mu}g/mL$, ABTS: $26.3{\pm}2.02{\mu}g/mL$. And, we investigated anti-inflammatory activities by examining the effects of the OHR fractions on pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the human mast cells (HMC-1). Treatment with OHR fractions clearly reduced the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and interleukin (IL)-8) in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1 cells. The results showed the potential of OHR as an excellent antioxidant substance and inhibiting inflammatory mediators. Therefore, OHR may be used as a therapeutic approach to various inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2017

This study describes the preliminary evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Allium hookeri. A. hookeri was extracted using crude extract and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. To screen for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents effectively, we first examined the inhibitory effect of A. hookeri extracts on production of oxidant stresses (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide). In addition, we examined the inhibitory effects of A. hookeri on production of pro-inflammatory factors (nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Of the sequential solvent fractions of A. hookeri, EtOAc fractions showed decreased production of oxidant stresses, and $CH_2Cl_2$ and EtOAc fractions of A. hookeri inhibited production of pro-inflammatory factors. EtOAc fraction inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and -$1{\beta}$). These results suggest that A. hookeri has significant effects on oxidant stresses and pro-inflammatory factors and is a possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic and preventive material.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2011

Activity-guided isolation from an ethylacetate-soluble fraction of a 70% (v/v) ethanolic extract from the roots of Taraxacum ohwianum, using a pancreatic lipase inhibition assay, resulted in isolation and identification of five phenolic metabolites of previously known structure; these were 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, chicoric acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, and luteolin. All structures were confirmed by NMR and MS scpectroscopic data. Of these compounds 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity, with $IC_{50}$ of $65.1{\pm}0.7\;{\mu}M$ against pancreatic lipase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1139-1144
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• 2009

This study was purposed to research the anti-cancer effects of Bistortae Rhizoma. A total extract of Bistortae Rhizoma decoction was prepared. By measuring the cell proliferation, apoptosis, morphology and cytokine level from the extracts, the influence on HepG2 cell, SNU-1 cell and A549 cell was compared. The Bistortae Rhizoma decoction extract did not control HepG2 cell proliferation but controlled SNU-1 cell and A549 cell proliferation. In particular, the inhibitory effect on SNU-1 cell proliferation was highest. The Bistortae Rhizoma decoction extract showed to increase the apoptosis of the HepG2 ceil, SNU-1 cell and A549 cell in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, the promotion effect of the apoptosis was highest in SNU-1 cell. Among the various fraction extracts of the Bistortae Rhizoma decoction, n-BuOH extraction showed the greatest increase of the apoptosis of the HepG2 cell. The Bistortae Rhizoma decoction extract decreased dose-dependently the secretion of the TGF-$\beta$ in the HepG2 cell, SNU-1 cell and A549 cell and increased the secretion of the TNF-$\alpha$ and the IFN-$\gamma$. These results suggest that the total extract of Bistortae Rhizoma decoction has anti-cancer effect against SNU-1 cell and A549 cell.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

Objectives : This experimental study was performed in order to investigate the antibacterial effect of bio-fermented Galla Rhois extract. Methods : The Galla Rhois extract was fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and their products was tested for antibacterial activity against six pathogenic microorganisms namely, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by paper disc diffusion method. Results : The Galla Rhois fermented extract by Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed more effective antibacterial activity than not fermented extract against Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Antibacterial activity of fermented extract using especially Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was proved that it was good with even 2 percents concentration. Antibacterial activity of Galla Rhois extract within pH 3 to pH 7 had been safe regardless of pH but low over pH 9. The growth of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus had a tendency to decrease depend on the increasing concentration of the extract. EtOEt, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions of the Galla Rhois extract had a high level of antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. Surprisingly, EtOAc fractions of the Galla Rhois extract showed higher antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus alone. And antibacterial activity against six pathogenic microorganisms had a tendency to increase depend on the increasing concentration of the fractions of the Galla Rhois extract. Conclusions : Bio-fermented Galla Rhois extract, efficiently inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2018

The fruits of Panax ginseng were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. The repeated $SiO_2$ and octadecyl $SiO_2$ column chromatographies for the EtOAc fraction led to isolation of five ginsenosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as ginsenoside F1 (1), ginsenoside F2 (2), ginsenoside F3 (3), ginsenoside Ia (4), notoginsenoside Fe (5) based on spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, MS, and infrared. Compounds 2-5 were isolated for the first time from the fruits of P. ginseng in this study. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines such as HCT-116, SK-OV-3, human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), HepG2, and SK-MEL-5. Among them compounds 2, 4, and 5 showed significant cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Compound 2 exhibited cytotoxicity on SK-MEL-5, HepG2, and HeLa cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 82.8, 86.8, and $78.3{\mu}M$, respectively. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity on HCT-116, SK-MEL-5, SK-OV-3, HepG2, and HeLa cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 24.5, 25.4, 26.3, 22.0, and $24.9{\mu}M$, respectively. Compound 5 did on SK-MEL-5 cell with $IC_{50}$ value of $81.7{\mu}M$. The cytotoxicity of ginsenoside 2, 4, and 5 isolated from the fruits of Panax ginseng showed strong inhibition effect against on cancer cells, all of which have a glucopyranosyl moiety on C-3.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.635-640
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• 2015

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of liver inflammation caused by an accumulation of fat in the liver. Patients with NAFLD have an increased risk to develop liver fibrosis, which leads to cirrhosis. To investigate hepatoprotective effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L (A. eupatoria), oleic acid-induced NAFLD in HepG2 cells was used and A. eupatoria was fractionated with ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane, dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (BuOH), and H₂O. Cells treated with the EtOAc fraction showed the highest lipid accumulation inhibiting effect. A. eupatoria also suppressed triglyceride accumulation and inhibited expression of lipid marker gene, such as a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). Moreover, another marker, mRNA expression level of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR-α) was significantly increased by in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that A. eupatoria is a potent agent for the treatment of NAFLD.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.170-178
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• 2023

We investigated the free radical scavenging and digestive enzyme inhibitory activities of the hot water extract of peach twig (Prunus persica L. Bastch). This extract of the peach twigs was further split up into n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butyl alcohol(n-BuOH), which resulted in three solvent-soluble fractions. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS⁺) assay systems, while hypoglycemic effect of the peach twig extract and the solvent-soluble fractions were tested using α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. Accordingly, the EtOAc layer showed a greater free radical scavenging activity compared to other solvent-soluble fractions. Furthermore, based on the α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays, the IC₅₀ values were determined to be 38.2±1.6 and 69.6±6.1 ㎍/mL for the EtOAc-soluble fractions, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the fractions obtained from the peach twig extract can be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidant and hypoglycaemic constituents.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2008

The aerial parts of Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI, Sajabalssuk) was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, three cycloartane-type triterpnoids and one ursane-type triterpenoid were isolated through the repeated silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. From the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the triterpenoids were determined as wrightial (1), wrightial acetate (2), 27-norcycloart-20(21)-ene-25-al-3${\beta}$-ol acetate (3) and ursolic acid (4). No report has been found for isolation of compound 3 in the literature so far, and compounds 1, 2 and 3 were the first to be isolated from Sajabalssuk (Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI, Sajabalssuk). Also, compound 1 showed Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol acyltransferase (hACAT-1) and hACAT-2 inhibitory activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 33.0 and 45.0 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited hACAT-1 activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 12.0 and 16.0 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2011

The bark of Machilus thunbergii was extracted with 80% aqueous methanol (MeOH), and the concentrated extract was partitioned using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, five lignans were isolated through the repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica gel (ODS) and, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectroscopy (MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined to be machilin A (1), machilin F (2), licarin A (3), nectandrin A (4), and nectandrin B, (5). This study presents comparative account of five lignans from M. thunbergii bark contributing inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL), ACAT-1, and ACAT-2. Compounds 2-5 showed varied degree of antioxidant activity on LDL with $IC_{50}$ values of 2.1, 11.8, 15.3, and $4.1{\mu}M$. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed inhibition activity on ACAT-1 with values $63.4{\pm}6.9%$ ($IC_{50}=66.8{\mu}M$), $53.7{\pm}0.9%$ ($IC_{50}=109.2{\mu}M$), and $78.7{\pm}0.2%$ ($IC_{50}=40.6{\mu}M$), respectively, at a concentration of 50 mg/mL, and on ACAT-2 with values $47.3{\pm}1.5%$ ($IC_{50}=149.7{\mu}M$), $39.2{\pm}0.2%$ ($IC_{50}=165.2{\mu}M$), and $52.1{\pm}1.0%$ ($IC_{50}=131.0{\mu}M$, respectively, at a concentration of 50 mg/mL.