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http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2018.052

Ginsenosides from the fruits of Panax ginseng and their cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines  

Gwag, Jung Eun (Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University)
Lee, Yeong-Geun (Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University)
Hwang-Bo, Jeon (Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University)
Kim, Hyoung-Geun (Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University)
Oh, Seon Min (Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University)
Lee, Dae Young (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA)
Baek, Nam-In (Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University)
Publication Information
Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry / v.61, no.4, 2018 , pp. 371-377 More about this Journal
Abstract
The fruits of Panax ginseng were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. The repeated $SiO_2$ and octadecyl $SiO_2$ column chromatographies for the EtOAc fraction led to isolation of five ginsenosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as ginsenoside F1 (1), ginsenoside F2 (2), ginsenoside F3 (3), ginsenoside Ia (4), notoginsenoside Fe (5) based on spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, MS, and infrared. Compounds 2-5 were isolated for the first time from the fruits of P. ginseng in this study. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines such as HCT-116, SK-OV-3, human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), HepG2, and SK-MEL-5. Among them compounds 2, 4, and 5 showed significant cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Compound 2 exhibited cytotoxicity on SK-MEL-5, HepG2, and HeLa cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 82.8, 86.8, and $78.3{\mu}M$, respectively. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity on HCT-116, SK-MEL-5, SK-OV-3, HepG2, and HeLa cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 24.5, 25.4, 26.3, 22.0, and $24.9{\mu}M$, respectively. Compound 5 did on SK-MEL-5 cell with $IC_{50}$ value of $81.7{\mu}M$. The cytotoxicity of ginsenoside 2, 4, and 5 isolated from the fruits of Panax ginseng showed strong inhibition effect against on cancer cells, all of which have a glucopyranosyl moiety on C-3.
Keywords
Cytotoxicity; Fruit; Ginsenoside; Human cancer cells; Panax ginseng;
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