• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

본 연구는 닭고기의 중량별 영양적인 특성을 규명하고자 현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 5호∼16호의 중량규격으로 분류하여 닭고기에 대한 지방산 및 아미노산 조성, 콜라겐 함량에 대하여 분석하였다. 가슴육의 지방산 조성에 있어서 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 비율은 닭고기의 도체 중량에 따라 큰 변화는 나타내지 않았으나 n6 계열지방산/n3 계열지방산의 비율은 중량이 증가할수록 감소하였으며 특히 15호에서는 6 : 1까지 저하되어 세계보건기구(WHO)에서 권유하고 있는 5 : 1에 근접하였다. Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)는 5호부터 9호에서는 검출되지 않았으나 10호부터 검출되어 15호의 EPA함량은 0.43%으로 비교적 높은 수치를 나타냈다. Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)는 13호 까지는 미검출되었으나 14호부터 검출되어 15호의 DHA 함량은 0.94%를 나타내었다. 아미노산에서 닭고기의 맛에 영향을 미친다는 glutamic acid의 함량은 전체적으로2.94∼3.59%의 분포를나타내었으며 닭고기의 중량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고 methionine 등 여러가지 아미노산들도 중량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 콜라겐의 함량은 유통 규격별(5호∼16호)로 일정한 분포를 나타내지 않았으며, 부분육에 있어서는 가슴살이나 날개살 보다 다리살에서 높은 분포를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.414-420
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• 1998

식이성지방 n-6/n-3비(1 : 2) 및 포화지방산:단순불포화지방산:다가불포화지방산비(1:1:1)를 일정하게 조정한 조건하에서 n-3계 지방산, ${\alpha}-LA(C_{18:3}),\;EPA(C_{20:5}),\;DHA(C_{22:6})$를 함유시킨 식이를 조제하여 성장기 SD-계 흰쥐 수컷에 2주간 급여하여 간장, 혈청의 Triacylglycerol(TG)농도 및 간장 TG 합성에 관여하는 효소 활성에 대하여 검토하였다. 본 실험에 사용한 EPA 및 DHA 는 순도 98%로서 고도로 정제한 ethyl ester 형태로 식이에 첨가하였다. 그 결과, ${\alpha}-LA$군에 비하여 EPA군 및 DHA군에서 간장 및 혈청 TG 농도는 유의적으로 감소하였으나, 총콜레스테롤 농도는 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 간장의 인지질 농도는 DHA군에서만 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간장 막 결합성 phosphatidate phosphohydrolas(PAP)성은 간장TG 농도와 같은 경향으로서 EPA와 DHA군에서 유의하게 감소하였으며 Diacylglycerol acyltransferase(DGAT) 활성은 각 군간에는 변화가 없었다. 따라서, 간장TG 농도와 간장 막결합성 PAP활성과의 사이에 높은 상관관계(r=0.84)를 나타내어 간장TG 합성억제가 인정되었다. 지방산 합성계 효소의 활성도는 EPA및 DHA군에서 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 n-3계 지방산, EPA 및 DHA에 의한 간장 및 혈청 TG 농도의 감소는 막 결합형 PAE 활성과 저해에 의한 간장TG 합성 및 지방산 합성 저해가 관여하는 것이 시사되었다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2006

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of feeding diet containing 5% canola oil on growth, feed efficiency, and fatty acid profile of bacon in finishing pigs and of longissimus muscle in horses fattening for meat production. In experiment 1, twenty cross-bred barrows and twenty cross-bred gilts (average weight, 80 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and five barrows or five gilts were allotted to one of eight pens $(6.25m^2/pen)$, respectively. Four pens (two with barrows and two with gilts) randomly selected were assigned to a control diet containing 5% tallow and the remaining four pens to a diet containing 5% canola oil. The average daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency over a 6-wk feeding period were not different (p>0.05) between the two diets, nor was backfat thickness. Fatty acid profile in bacon fat showed that the 0-3 fatty acid ($\alpha-linolenic$ acid) content in pigs fed diet containing 5% canola oil was approximately three times (P<0.01) as much as in pigs fed tallow. In experiment 2, thirty-two Jeju horses (average $weight{\pm}SE,\;244{\pm}5kg$) were blocked by sex and weight, and two horses of the same sex and similar body weight were allotted to one $(15m^2/pen)$ of eight pens. Eight pens (four with males and four with females) selected randomly were assigned to a control diet containing 5% tallow and the remaining eight pens to a diet containing 5% canola oil. The average daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency for concentrates without roughages over a 5-month feeding period were not different (P>0.05) between the two diet groups. Fatty acid profile in the muscle fat showed that the 0-3 fatty acid (a-linolenic acid) content in horses fed diet containing 5% canola oil was approximately two times (P<0.01) that in horses fed tallow. The increased (P<0.01) 0-3 fatty acid content in pigs and horses fed canola oil decreased the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids compared to the control, indicating a significant improvement in pork and horsemeat fatty acid profile for health benefit. Our study demonstrated that feeding diet containing 5% canola oil may help produce pork and horsemeat with more health benefit, increasing their $\alpha-linolenic$ acid content without deleterious effects on growth of pigs and horses.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.477-492
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• 1993

1. 조피볼락의 적정성장에 필요한 지방산을 조사하기 위해 사료의 지방산종류 (fat-free, 12:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 및 n-3HUFA)가 다른 6종의 실험사료로 44g 전후의 조피볼락을 9주간 사육한 결과, fat-free, 12:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 및 18:3n-3 첨가구보다 n-3HUFA 첨가구가 성장 및 사료효율에서 좋은 결과를 보였다. 2. 조피볼락의 n-3HUFA 요구량을 구명하기 위해, 사료지질 $8\%$ 범위에서 기본지질을 우지로 하여 정제 지방산 (n-3HUFA $85\%$)을 첨가, n-3HUFA 함량이 $0{\sim}4.0\%$가 되도록 조정한 10종의 실험사료로 평균 체중 5.9g의 조피볼락 치어를 6주간 사육한 후, 성장 및 체성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 증중률 ($117{\sim}297\%$) 및 사료효율($67{\sim}96\%$)모두 n-3HUFA 무첨가 사료에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 사료 n-3HUFA 함량의 증가와 더불어 그 효과가 현저히 개선되다가 $0.9\%$ 이후에는 더이상 개선되지 않았다. 따라서, 조피볼락의 n-3HUFA 요구량은 $0.9\%$로 추정되었다. 사료의 n-3HUFA 함량이 증가함에 따라 간지질 함량과 간중량 비는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 간 glycogen 함량은 증가하였다. 간 극성지질의 지방산조성은 사료의 지방산조성에 따라 변화하여, 사료의 n-3HUFA가 증가함에 따라 18:1은 감소하고, EPA와 DHA같은 n-3HUFA는 증가하였다. 그리고 간 극성지질의 18:1/n-3HUFA 비는 사료의 n-3HUFA 증가와 더불어 감소하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

Isaria sinclairii (Cicada Dongchunghacho) was studied as a potential crude natural food in powdered form. The role of tissue fatty acids in relation to the anti-obesity effects of I. sinclairii (IS) was examined by feeding the powder to SD rats ad libitum at 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% (calculated about 8 g/kg) of the feed for a period of 3 months and 6 months. The fatty acid composition profile as indicated GC-MS, showed significantly slight dose-dependent increases in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly, arachidonic acid (C20: 4n6), oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20: 5) concentration in the the ad libitum IS-fed groups compared to the control group in SD abdominal fat over 6 month period. Over viewing of the SD and Ob mice treated Isaria sinclairii powder; there were increases in the single (mono) unsaturated fatty acids ratio but decreases in polyunsaturated fatty acid. In IS-fed groups in proportion to the treatment period, this Dongchunghacho also induced an increase in the level of same result of unsaturated fatty acid in C57BL/6 obese (ob/ob) mice over a 6-month period treatment compared to those given 10% dry mulberry leaf powder (ML) or silkworm powder mixed with the standard diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.829-838
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• 1993

This study was designed to compare the effect of different dietary fats on the incidence of colorectal tumor, the level of plasma thromboxane B2(TXB2) and fatty acid profiles of platelet and colonic mucosal lipids in N - methyl - N - nitro - N - nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) - treated rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 8 weeks old, were divided into 2 groups and infused intrarectally with saline(control group) or with 2mg MNNG(carcinogen-treated group) twice a week for 3 weeks. Each group was again divided into 4 groups and fed one of four diets(BT, CO, PO, FO) containing dietary fat at 9%(w/w) level for 37 weeks, Dietary fats were beef tallow(7.2%)+corn oil(1.8%) for BT, corn oil(9.0%) for CO, perilla oil(9.0%) for PO, fish oil (6.5%)+corn oil (2.5%) for FO diets. MNNG-treated rats had colonic tumor, while no tumors(adenocarcinoma and adenoma) than others. Tumor sizes in BT-MNNG rats ranged from 2mm papillary form to 15mm of polypoid. However, the size of tumors in PO-MNNG or FO-MNNG rats could not be measured by gross examination. BT-MNNG and CO-MNNG groups were higher in the level of plasma TXB2 and the ratio of c20 : 4/c20 :5 platelet. PO-MNNG groups were lower in the ratio of c20 : 4/c20 : 5(p<0.05) in fatty acid of colonic mucosal lipids suggesting that perilla oil and fish oil could reduce the level of PGE2 and TXB2 by modifying its precursor content and restrain tumor promotion in colon. Effect of perilla oil rich in $\alpha$-linolenic acid on colon carcinogenesis was similar to that of fish oil and thus perilla oil could have a protective effect against colon cancer possibly by inhibiting the production of arachidonic acid metabolite.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Objectives : Epidemiological studies in other countries show that a low intake of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) increases the risk of depression or suicidality. However, no studies have investigated the associations of suicidality with omega-3 FAs in Korea. Hence, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of omega FAs on suicidality in the general South Korean population. Methods : The data in this study were sourced from adults (n=215,860) who completed the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), and the associations between omega FAs and suicidality were analyzed using multivariate logistic regressions. Results : Our results demonstrated that high omega-3 FA intake was associated with a decreased risk of suicide (OR=0.83, 95% CI : 0.71-0.98) and the high omega-6 to omega-3 FA ratio was associated with an increased risk of suicide (OR=1.25, 95% CI : 1.02-1.54). Additionally, a high intake of omega-3 FAs was associated with a decreased risk of suicide in men, but not in women (OR=0.72, 95% CI : 0.59-0.88). Conclusions : Overall, our findings suggest that a lower intake of omega-3 FA is associated with the increased risk of suicidality in the general Korean population, especially in men.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2003

The effects of dietary sources of C18:2 n-6 or C18:3 n-3 fatty acids on the occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and time-dependent changes of free fatty acid fractions in rumen contents were investigated. Sheep (n=4) fitted with rumen fistula were used in a 44 Latin square design wxith each 14 d period. Sheep were fed one of four diets consisting of grass hay and concentrates in a ratio of 70:30. Dietary treatments were 100% concentrates (served as the control), and concentrates were replaced by safflower seed at 30% (SFS), safflower meal at 18% - safflower oil at 12% (SFO), and safflower meal at 18%-linseed oil at 12% (LNO). At the end of each experimental period, rumen contents from each sheep were collected before feeding and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after feeding. The levels of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in free fatty acid fraction were considerably increased in all treated groups relative to the control, but not significantly. The increase in cis-9, trans-11 CLA was slightly higher in SFS and SFO groups than group fed diet containing linseed oil. The level of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in free fatty acid fraction was reached to the maximum value at 1hr after feeding and, thereafter gradually decreased to near the value before feeding. The generation of trans-11 C18:1 was significantly higher in all treated groups than that of control. The level of trans-11 C18:1 was linearly increased after feeding of experimental diets, reaching the maximum value at 3 h. Feeding of diets containing polyunsaturated fats to sheep resulted in a marked increase in the levels of trans-11 C18:1 and a slight increase of CLA in free fatty acid fraction of rumen contents. Our results support that endogenous synthesis of CLA from trans-11 C18:1 may be involved the primary source of CLA in dairy product. (Asian-Aust.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.367-381
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish a mother and child cohort in the Chinese population, and investigate human breastmilk (HBM) composition and its relationship with maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant growth during the first 3 mon of life. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 101 Chinese mother and infant pairs were included in this prospective cohort. Alterations in the milk macronutrients of Chinese mothers at 1 mon (T1), 2 mon (T2), and 3 mon (T3) lactation were analyzed. HBM fatty acid (FA) profiles were measured by gas chromatography (GC), and HBM proteomic profiling was achieved by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS: During the first 3 mon of lactation (P < 0.05), significant decreases were determined in the levels of total energy, fat, protein, and osteopontin (OPN), as well as ratios of long-chain saturated FA (including C16:0, C22:0 and C24:0), monounsaturated FA (including C16:1), and n-6 poly unsaturated FA (PUFA) (including C20:3n-6 and C20:4n-6, and n-6/n-3). Conversely, butyrate, C6:0 and n-3 PUFA C18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA) were significantly increased during the first 3 mon (P < 0.05). HBM proteomic analyses distinguished compositional protein differences over time (P = 0.001). Personalized motherinfant analyses demonstrated that HBM from high BMI mothers presented increased total energy, fat, protein and OPN, and increased content of n-6 PUFA (including C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 and n-6/n-3 ratio) as compared with low BMI mothers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BMI of the mothers positively correlated with the head circumference (HC) of infants as well as the specific n-6 PUFA C20:3n-6 over the 3 time points examined. Infant HC was negatively associated with C18:0. CONCLUSION: This study provides additional evidence to the Chinese HBM database, and further knowledge of FA function. It also helps to establish future maternal strategies that support the healthy growth and development of Chinese infants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.598-604
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• 2009

This work was carried out to study the carcass characteristics, the chemical composition and the fatty acid profile in Longissimus muscle (LM) of bull breeds Nellore, NEL (11), Caracu, CAR (12) and Holstein-Friesian, HFR (12) finished in a feedlot. The bulls were fed twice a day with corn silage, cotton meal, cracked corn, urea, limestone and mineral salt. NEL and CAR bulls had similar (p>0.05) final weight and hot carcass weight. However, NEL and CAR bulls had higher (p<0.05) final weight and hot carcass weight than HFR bulls. Carcass hot dressing, carcass conformation, cushion thickness, Longissimus muscle area and texture were similar (p>0.05) among NEL, CAR and HFR bulls. NEL and HFR bulls had higher (p<0.05) carcass length in comparison to the CAR breed. Nellore breed had higher (p<0.05) leg length in comparison to CAR and HFR breeds. Leg length was similar (p>0.05) between CAR and HFR breeds. Thickness fat, color and marbling score were lower (p<0.05) in NEL breed in comparison to CAR and HFR breeds. LM of NEL bulls had higher (p<0.05) meat moisture content in comparison to CAR and HFR bulls. In contrast, lipid content was lower (p<0.10) in HFR bulls. LM ash and crude protein contents were similar (p>0.05) among breeds. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were higher (p<0.10) in HFR animals. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6, n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratio were similar (p>0.05) among the different breeds. N-6/n-3 ratio was higher (p<0.05) in CAR animals.