• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.30-34
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the constituents of Platycarya strobilacea (Juglandaceae) wood. To isolate compounds, wood was extracted with ethanol (EtOH) and then partitioned with petroleum ether, diethyl ether (Et₂O) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) successively. After partitioned, diethyl ether fraction was subjected to column chromatography with various solvent system in silica gel and/or Sephadex LH-20. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including MS, ¹H, ¹³C and 2D-NMR experiments. Three compounds were isolated from the wood and identified as kaempferol 3-O-𝛼-L-rhamnopyranoside (afzelin, I), quercetin 3-O-𝛼-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin, II), myricetin 3-O-𝛼-L-rhamnopyranoside (myricitrin, III).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the variation of phenolic compounds in the leaf and stem of 131 accessions of Lycium chinesis Miller. The levels of total phenolic compounds in the leaf of L. chinesis ranged between 8.8 to $14.9mg\;g^{-1}$ and among them 60% of the accessions belong between 11.6 and $13.5mg\;g^{-1}$ for the content of phenolic compounds in the leaf. The accession CB03286-89 contained the highest total phenolic compounds among the accessions tested, which was 1.7-fold higher than that of the lowest content accession CBP03310-250. In the stem, the total phenolic compound of 131 accessions of L. chinesis ranged from 6.8 to $12.4mg\;g^{-1}$, showing slightly lower level than that in the leaf. The content of (+)catechin was highest in the leaf and stem of accession CB03286-89 and Japan No.1, respectively. Myricetin was detected in the leaf of seven accessions (i.e. Geumsan jaerae, Japan No.1, China collection No.1, CL32-13, CB04329-13, China collection No.12 and CB03286-89) and in the stem of five accessions (i.e., Japan No.1, China collection No.1, China collection No.12, CB03286-89 and 99797). Accessions had a great influence on the content of phenolic compounds. So, accessions-specific phenolic compound profiles might be helpful for commercial use or production of phenolic compounds in L. chinesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.501-505
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• 2003

In order to use as a new functional food material, chemical components of propolis and its extracts were surveyed. The contents of crude fat, nitrogen free extract, crude protein, ash and crude fiber in propolis were 86.41%, 7.32%, 2.71%, 1.05% and 0.20%, respectively. The mineral contents were in the order of Na (120.40 mg%), Ca (115.40 mg%), K (105.87 mg%) and Ca were higher in water extract than alcohol extract. Free sugars were composed of sucrose 152 mg%, glucose 114 mg% and fructose 6 mg%. The major amino acids of propolis were lysine 395.29 mg%, cystine 267.66 mg% and glutamic acid 248.14 mg%, respectively. Eight fatty acids in propolis were identified and the major fatty acids were oleic acid (51.89%), myristic acid (20.86%) and palmitic acid (20.28%). Myricetin, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol were shown as major flavonols and total flavonol contents were higher in 50% ethanol extract than any other extracts. Major Polyphenol compounds in four kinds of extracts were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2006

The dried needles (1.5 kg) of Abies koreana and Abies holophylla were ground, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3, v/v), concentrated, and fractionated with a series of hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of ethyl acetate soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, HETCOR, FAB and EI-MS. The needles of Abies koreana and Abies holophylla contained a large amount of aromadendrin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound III), polydatin (compound VI), (-)-rhododendrol-2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound VII), in addition to a small amount of (+)-catechin (compound I), kaempferol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound IV), myricetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound V), naringenin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound II). DPPH analysis was also tested to investigate the antioxidative effects on the isolated compounds and (+)-catechin and polydatin were effective.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate natural insectifuge materials from tree extractives in order to substitute for organic synthetic insecticides for food wrapping corrugated board. Tree samples were collected, extracted, fractionated with hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, ethylacetate(EtOAc) and $H_2O$, and then freezed dried for further study. EtOAc or $H_2O$ fractions were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column for isolation and purification, and the isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic tools such as NMR and MS. Crude extractives of EtOAc and $H_2O$ fractions were added to the printing ink for corrugated board with the concentration of 2% or 3% based on the weight of the ink, then the prepared ink was printed on the corrugated board to be used for evasion test using larva of indian meal moth(Plodia interpunctella(Hubner)). Robtin, dihydrorobinetin and leucorobinetinidin were isolated from the wood extractives of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) and the bark of poplar(Populus alba $\times$ glandulosa) contained many kinds of compounds such as (+)-catechin, naringenin, aromadendrin, eriodictyol, sakuranetin and its glycoside, taxifolin, neosaturanin, salireposide, p-coumaric acid and aesculin. Much of (+)-catechin was isolated from the bark extractives of willow(Salix koreensis) in addition to (+)-gallocatechin and p-coumaric acid and the bark of weeping willow(Salix babylonica) also contained (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, dihydromyricetin and myricetin.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

In this study, the antioxidative effects and component analysis of Polygonum aviculare (P. aviculare) extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate and the aglycone fraction from P. aviculare extracts were more active than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol and $\small{L}$-ascorbic acid, which are known as strong antioxidants for their antioxidative activity by the DPPH method and chemiluminescence assay. The cellular protective effects of fractions of P. aviculare on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes, increased in a concentration dependent manner ($1-10{\mu}l$). In particular, the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of $10{\mu}l$ showed the most prominent protective effect among all the extracts (${\tau}_{50}$, 314.70 min). TLC and HPLC chromatogram of the ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extracts revealed 3 main bands (PA8, PA5, PA6) and peaks (peak 1, peak 2, peak 3), which were identified as myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (myricitrin, PA8, peak 1), quercetin-3-${\alpha}$-rhamnoside (quercitrin, PA6, peak 3) by LC/ESI-MS/MS and $^1H$-NMR respectively. These results indicate that fractions from P. aviculare could be applicable to new functional cosmetics as antioxidants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.78-89
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• 2020

Tomato fruit quality is determined by the contents of various functional metabolites in addition to fruit appearance. To develop tomato cultivars with higher amounts of functional compounds, an efficient quantification method is required to identify the natural variations in the compounds in the tomato germplasm. In this study, we investigated tomato varieties, which included 23 inbred lines and 12 commercial F₁ cultivars, for their contents of seven watersoluble vitamins (vitamin C, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B9) and five polyphenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and naringenin chalcone). The results of high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that vitamin C and naringenin chalcone were the major water-soluble vitamins and polyphenolic compounds, respectively, and their abundance was highly variable depending on the cultivar. By contrast, the contents of vitamin B1, quercetin, and kaempferol were lowest among the cultivars. With regard to the relationship between metabolic compounds and fruit characteristics, a significant association was found in fruit size, indicating that cherry tomato varieties contain higher amounts of the compounds compared to large fresh-type varieties. However, no direct association was detected in fruit color, except for naringenin chalcone. The results of this study provide new insights on the quantification of metabolic compounds and the selection of breeding materials, which are prerequisites for the development of functional tomato varieties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.357-369
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• 2018

The Korean common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been receiving increased attention as a functional food. The objective of this study was to reveal the phytochemicals genetic variation and antioxidant activity of 209 Korean common bean landraces. Antioxidant activity was evaluated with the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay. Antioxidant activities among common bean accessions showed wide variation. Four flavonoids (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and naringenin) of the 209 Korean common bean landraces were measured using HPLC. Among them, kaempferol had the highest phytochemicals compared to the other three flavonoids. Using the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), it was found out that the IT104587 had the highest antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, in clustering analysis, the Korean common bean landraces were classified into three clusters. Among them, cluster II contained 64 landraces with higher antioxidant activities and phytochemicals than the other clusters, except DPPH. The results could provide information on the valuable Korean common bean landraces for the development of new common bean varieties.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 1999

Effective synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) have been widely used in the food industry, but they are suspected to be toxic and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the development of safely available natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ${\beta}$-carotene, flavonoids and selenium is essential. In particular, flavonoids, 2-phenyl-benzo-${\alpha}$-pyrones, are polyphenolic compounds that occur ubiquitously in food of plant origin. flavonoids occur in foods generally as O-glycosides with sugars bound usually at the C\ulcorner position. And variations in their heterocyclic ring gibes rise to flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, catechins, anthocyanidins, chalcone and isoflavones. Vegetables, fruits, and beverages are the main dietary sources of the flavonols, primarily as quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin and the corresponding flavones, apigenin and luteolin. These flavonoids have biological activity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antimutagenic, anticarcimogenic antiallergic and antimicrobial activity effects in vitro and in vivo. Flavonoids posses strong antioxidant activities acting as oxygen radicals scavenger, metal chelators and enzyme inhibitor. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids is determined by their molecular structure and more specially, by the position and degree of hydroxylation of the ring structure. All flavonoids with the 3`, 4`-dihydroxy(ortho-dihydroxy) posses marked antioxidant activity. And antioxidant activity increases with the number of hydroxyl groups substituted on the A-and B-rings. There is as yet no certainty about the effect of the presence of a double bond between C\ulcorner and C\ulcorner on the antioxidant activity of flavonoids.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Juglans mandshurica barks were collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3, v/v), fractionated with n -hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, and EtOAc, and freeze dried to give some dark brown powder. The EtOA cand $H_2O$ soluble fractions were chromatographe d on a Sephadex LH-20 column using $H_2O$-MeOH and EtOH-hexane mixture as eluents. Spectrometric analysis such as NMR and MS, including TLC,were performed to characterize the structures of the isolated compounds. From the EtOAc and $H_2O$ soluble fractions, three flavanols (1~3), three flavonols (4~6) and five flavonol glycosides (7~11) were isolated and elucidated.