• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.543-549
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• 1995

In order to analyze the sex-linked lethal mutagenic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in Drosophila melanogaster, the mutagenicities from the attached-X and Basc method have been detected. The indexes of relative lethal mutations at 2.0 and 4.0mM EMS treated group using the attached-X method were about 1.5 and 2.4 times than that of 1.0mM treated group, respectively. EMS had more pronounced effect in the sperm and spermatid stages in the induction of X-linked lethal mutations during the spermatogenesis. And, in the induction of X-linked recessive lethal mutations from the Basc method, the mutation frequency of 4.0mM EMS treated group as compared with 2.0mM was more than three fold. Two assay systems used in this study can support mutually according to experimental purposes, and the area of its application can be considerably wide.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 1999

Free radicals formed during the metabolism of environmental chemicals are known to induce mutagenicity, while different types of antioxidants suppress this event. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of soybean saponins, and to examine the relationship between these two effects for the elucidation of mechanisms involved in the anticarcinogenicity of soybean saponins. Also, antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of soybean saponins were compared with those of kinown antioxidants. For the measurement of antioxidative capacity, soybean saponins, L-ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-tocophoerol, and BHT at concentrations between 005 and 1.0mg/ml were tested for their ability to donate hydrogens and to reduce the formation of thiobarbituric substances(TBARS). Antimutagenic activity was examined using the Ames salmonella test system at concentrations of 600, 900 or 1200ug/ml. Study results showed soybean saponins and all of the other antioxidants tested possessed dose-dependent antioxidative activities. The ability of hydrogen-donation to DPPH was in the order of L-ascorbic acid>$\alpha$-tocopherol=>BHT>soybean saponins. TBARS formation was also inhibited by these compounds, in the order of BHT>$\alpha$-tocopherol=L-ascorbic acid>soybean saponins. Soybean saponins and other antioxidants also showed antimutagenicity in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, soybean saponins and BHT were excellent antioxidants compounds, inhibiting near 80% of the mutagenic effects at a concentration of 1200ug/ml. The correlation coefficients between antioxidative capacity and antimutagenicity for each compund was statistically significant at p<0.05. These results indicate that soybean saponins possess antioxidative and antimutagenic capacities. Also, antimutagenicity of saponins and other antioxidats is partly due to their antioxidative activities.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) has been known for having strong anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic activities. The free radical theory of aging, also known as the oxidative stress theory of aging, claims that cellular oxidative damage accumulated with time is a major causal factor of aging. In the present study, we investigated the effect of buckwheat extracts on resistance to oxidative stress and aging using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. Survival under an oxidative-stress condition induced by paraquat increased markedly following 500mg/L buckwheat extracts treatment, suggesting lower cellular oxidative damage by buckwheat extracts. A lifespan assay also revealed that treatment of buckwheat extracts significantly extended both the mean and maximum lifespan in C. elegans. Interestingly, this lifespan-extension by buckwheat extracts was not accompanied by reduced fertility. These findings suggest that buckwheat extracts can confer longevity phenotype to C. elegans through its strong anti-oxidant activity and support the aging theory which emphasizes a pivotal role of oxidative stress during aging.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.64-64
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• 1996

Transgenic animal and cell line models which are recently developed in toxicology field combined with molecular biological technique, are powerful tools for studying of mutation in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The Big Blue mutagenesis assay system is one of the most widely used transgenic systems. Especially, for the study of direct acting mutagens, Big Blue cell line is very useful and powerful to evaluate mutagenicity because the mutation frequency and mutationspectrlun showed no distinct differences between cell line and animal. The Big Blue cell lines carry stably integrated copies of lambda shuttle vector containing lac I gene as a mutational target. These lambda shuttle vectors are useful for various mutagenesis related studies in eukaryotic system due to their ability to be exposed mutagen and then transfer a suitable target DNA sequence to it convenient organism for analysis. We tried to assess the mutagenic effect of 4-NQO with Big Blue cell line. After the treatment of 4-NQO, genomic DNA was isolated and lambda shuttle vector was packaged by in Vitro packaging and then these were plated on bacterial host in the presence of X-gal to screen mutation in the lac I. We determined MF as a ratio of blue plaques versus colorless plaques and now undergoing the mutation spectrum of 4-NQO in lac J gene sequence.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.330-335
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• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the mutagenicity of lithium carbonate, a bacterial reverse mutation(Ames) test was carried out using four strains of S. typhimurium(TA1535; TA1537; TA98; and TA100) and one strain of E. coli(WP2uvrA). Materials: This was carried out in a dose range from 312.5 to $5,000{\mu}g/plate$ in triplicate with and without S9 activation, which is the most commonly used metabolic activation system supplemented by a post-mitochondrial fraction prepared from the livers of rodents treated with enzyme-inducing agents such as Aroclor 1254 or a combination of phenobarbitone and ${\beta}$-naphthoflavone. Results: No significant increases in the number of revertants were observed under the conditions examined in this study. Conclusions: Based on the above observations, it can be concluded that lithium carbonate has no mutagenic activity. Despite the results, it can have an effect by inducing acute oral toxicity, eye irritation and acute aquatic toxicity. Based on this study, we suggest that future studies should be directed toward chronic, carcinogenic testing and other related areas.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1996

The yields of solvent fraction of irradiated red ginseng powder were increased in the order of petroleum ether(PE)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 2002

Dehydroevodiamine HCl (DHED), which is a component separated from Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, has novel anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activities in the scopolamine-induced amnesia model. Several studies suggest that DHED might be an effective drug for the Alzheimer's disease and the vascular type of dementia. In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of DHED, Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test on Chinese hamster lung cells, in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells, and comet assay were performed. DHED did not increase the number of revertant in the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100. DHED HCl, at concentration of 5 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι, increased the number of chromosome aberrated Chinese hamster lung cells with 5 and 10％, respectively. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte was observed in ICR mice orally administered with DHED. DHED was tested for ability to induce genotoxic effect in L5178Y cells (mouse lymphoma cells) using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). In comet assay, tail moment did not increase in L5178Y cells treated with 10, 100, 300 $\mu$M DHED.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2014

The in vitro antimicrobial potential of the unexplored Moringa oleifera seed coat (SC) was evaluated against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast pathogens. Antimicrobial studies with various solvent extracts indicated ethyl acetate to be the best extractant, which was used for the rest of the antimicrobial studies as it tested neither toxic nor mutagenic. Gram-positive bacteria including a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain were more susceptible with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.03-0.04 mg/ml. The antimicrobial pharmacodynamics of the extract exhibited both concentration-dependent and time-dependent killing. Most of the test organisms exhibited a short post antibiotic effect (PAE) except Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1, which exhibited longer PAEs. Amongst the major phytoconstituents established, flavonoids, diterpenes, triterpenes and cardiac glycosides exhibited inhibitory properties against most of the test organisms. The identified active phytochemicals of the M. oleifera seed coat exhibited antimicrobial potential against a wide range of medically important pathogens including the multidrug-resistant bugs. Hence, the M. oleifera seed coat, which is usually regarded as an agri-residue, could be a source of potential candidates for the development of drugs or drug leads of broad spectrum that includes multidrug-resistant bugs, which are one of the greatest concerns of the $21^{st}$ century.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2002

The cytotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities against chemical direct mutagens such as mitomycin C, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone of the 70% ethanol extracts of 29 colored rice varieties and chuchung as a control were examined. The results obtained using authentic alkaline phosphatase activity as a growth representative of the indicator cell E. coli PQ 37 demonstrated that the extracts of 13 kinds of colored rice varieties including Jumlalocal and Jumlalocal-1 showed strong toxic effect on the cell growth. However the extracts of DK 1, SC-5, LK 1A-2-12-1-1 and wx 139-3-64-20-3-1 seemed to have stimulatory effects on the cell growth. The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the colored rice varieties were screened using SOS chromotest. The mutagenic activity was detected from Jumalocal-1, IR 17491-5-4-3-3 and Jumlalocal. On the contrary, 7 samples including LK 1-3-6-12-1-1, Parnkhari 203, Jumlalocal, wx 139-3-64-20-3-1, Muthumanikam, HP 883-1-1-1-B-1-1 and Jumlalocal-1 were shown to have antimutagenic acitivities against the chemical direct mutagens used in this study.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2009

The desmutagenic activity of the water extract of Cassia tara L on the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) and N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguani-dine (MNNG) was studied using the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The inhibition rates of water extract of Cassia tara L. at concentration of $100{\mu}g$/assay were 27.5% and 40% against 4-NQO and MNNG. The water extract of Cassia tara L. was separated into methanol soluble and methanol insoluble parts. The methanol soluble part exhibited higher inhibition effects than the methanol insoluble part against the mutagenic activities of 4-NQO and MNNG. Step-wise fractionation of methanol soluble part was done to obtain methanol, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Among these fractions, water fraction had the strongest inhibitory effects of 23.0 and 19.0% against mutagenicities of MNNG and 4NQO, respectively. The results clearly indicated that the water fraction showed much stronger antimutagenicity against MNNG than 4NQO. The inhibition rates of aqueous fraction of methanol-soluble from water extracted Cassia tara L. at concentrations of 1.0, 10, 100 and $250{\mu}g$/assay were 8.0%, 12.0%, 25.5% and 43.0%, respectively. The water fraction showed the inhibitory effects with dose response against the mutagenic activities induced by MNNG.