• Title/Summary/Keyword: multi-level perspective

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Changes in the Energy Landscape from Multi-Level Perspective: A Case Study of the Photovoltaic Module Carbon Certification System (다층적 관점에서 바라본 에너지경관의 변동: 태양광 모듈 탄소인증제를 사례로)

  • Jang, Geunyong
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.367-385
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    • 2021
  • This study examined changes in the energy landscape, focusing on the photovoltaic module carbon certification system. As the global photovoltaic market has been reorganized around Chinese companies, the South Korean government has pushed to strengthen the competitiveness of the nation's photovoltaic industry. However, a limitation remains in that the government-led effort was not sufficient to bring about dynamic changes in the energy landscape. Against this backdrop, this study explored the stages leading to the multi-level perspectives of "macro-environment, socio-technical regime, and niche" to track the process of the government and domestic photovoltaic companies as part of a socio-technical regime responding to global market changes. In particular, this study raised an issue with the conceptual discussion of multi-level perspective, which placed a particular emphasis on the rate of change at each level and the niche in which innovative experiments take place, and thus attempted to fill this gap by tracking the energy landscape that varies differently from space. These spatial discussions can track different carbon emissions coefficients and industrial characteristics for each country, and have a higher level of explanatory power for the system thus constructed. In addition, through discussions on the problems and implications of the government-led introduction of renewable energy policies, this study suggests the need to create and implement a field-oriented system.

R&D Transitions in Response to Digital Transformation in Korea

  • Lim, Jongyeon;Lee, BangRae;Won, Dongkyu
    • Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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    • v.10 no.spc
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    • pp.96-111
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    • 2022
  • With the rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and digital transformation, scientific and technological innovation measures are being devised to overcome Korea's low-growth, high-cost structure. Accordingly, by examining the R&D investment evaluation system of R&D PIE (R&D Platform for Investment and Evaluation), which has been promoted by the Korean government in response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, from the perspective of R&D transformation, this study aims to explore a new path for a sustainable national science and technology innovation system following digital transformation. In particular, from the perspective of R&D PIE, a MLP (Multi-level Perspective), which had been conducted as an abstract theoretical study, was attempted with specific cases and analysis for each of the three layers: niche, landscape, and regime. In conclusion, R&D PIE was intended to elevate the abstract R&D investment evaluation system to a platform that leads innovation in the digital space of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In addition, it was confirmed that the R&D PIE could be replaced or enhanced as a platform for innovation in response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, thereby providing an alternative to job creation and an escape from economic crisis.

Institutional Solution to Complex Conflicts in the Site Selection Process of Offshore Wind Power - from a Multi-level Governance Perspective (해상풍력 입지 선정 과정에서 복합적 갈등의 제도적 해결방안 - 다층적 거버넌스 관점에서)

  • Seunghyeok Ahn;Yoonmie Soh;Hojae Ryu;Minho Han;Sun-Jin Yun
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.40-58
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    • 2023
  • Several offshore wind power conflicts occur due to the problems in which the site selection process led by private operators is improperly managed. To review the institutional improvement measures that solve this problem, domestic and foreign institutions and operational cases were comparatively analyzed, focusing on key actors from the multi-level governance perspective. First, the status of the site selection process in the Republic of Korea, major issues in stakeholder conflicts, and discussions on the planned site system-related laws (draft) were reviewed. Next, the site selection process and relevant cases in Germany, the Netherlands, and Japan were analyzed. In all these countries, site selection is done by the central government. In Germany and the Netherlands, maritime-related ministries establish overall offshore wind power site plans and conduct strategic environmental assessments for these plans. Futhermore, in the process of determining each individual site, extensive site investigation including environmental assessments are conducted. This aspect needs to be supplemented in the discussion on the direction of institutional improvement in the Republic of Korea.

Multi-level Analysis of the Antecedents of Knowledge Transfer: Integration of Social Capital Theory and Social Network Theory (지식이전 선행요인에 관한 다차원 분석: 사회적 자본 이론과 사회연결망 이론의 결합)

  • Kang, Minhyung;Hau, Yong Sauk
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.75-97
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    • 2012
  • Knowledge residing in the heads of employees has always been regarded as one of the most critical resources within a firm. However, many tries to facilitate knowledge transfer among employees has been unsuccessful because of the motivational and cognitive problems between the knowledge source and the recipient. Social capital, which is defined as "the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit [Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998]," is suggested to resolve these motivational and cognitive problems of knowledge transfer. In Social capital theory, there are two research streams. One insists that social capital strengthens group solidarity and brings up cooperative behaviors among group members, such as voluntary help to colleagues. Therefore, social capital can motivate an expert to transfer his/her knowledge to a colleague in need without any direct reward. The other stream insists that social capital provides an access to various resources that the owner of social capital doesn't possess directly. In knowledge transfer context, an employee with social capital can access and learn much knowledge from his/her colleagues. Therefore, social capital provides benefits to both the knowledge source and the recipient in different ways. However, prior research on knowledge transfer and social capital is mostly limited to either of the research stream of social capital and covered only the knowledge source's or the knowledge recipient's perspective. Social network theory which focuses on the structural dimension of social capital provides clear explanation about the in-depth mechanisms of social capital's two different benefits. 'Strong tie' builds up identification, trust, and emotional attachment between the knowledge source and the recipient; therefore, it motivates the knowledge source to transfer his/her knowledge to the recipient. On the other hand, 'weak tie' easily expands to 'diverse' knowledge sources because it does not take much effort to manage. Therefore, the real value of 'weak tie' comes from the 'diverse network structure,' not the 'weak tie' itself. It implies that the two different perspectives on strength of ties can co-exist. For example, an extroverted employee can manage many 'strong' ties with 'various' colleagues. In this regards, the individual-level structure of one's relationships as well as the dyadic-level relationship should be considered together to provide a holistic view of social capital. In addition, interaction effect between individual-level characteristics and dyadic-level characteristics can be examined, too. Based on these arguments, this study has following research questions. (1) How does the social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient influence knowledge transfer respectively? (2) How does the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient influence knowledge transfer? (3) How does the social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient influence the effect of the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient on knowledge transfer? Based on Social capital theory and Social network theory, a multi-level research model is developed to consider both the individual-level social capital of the knowledge source and the recipient and the dyadic-level strength of relationship between the knowledge source and the recipient. 'Cross-classified random effect model,' one of the multi-level analysis methods, is adopted to analyze the survey responses from 337 R&D employees. The results of analysis provide several findings. First, among three dimensions of the knowledge source's social capital, network centrality (i.e., structural dimension) shows the significant direct effect on knowledge transfer. On the other hand, the knowledge recipient's network centrality is not influential. Instead, it strengthens the influence of the strength of ties between the knowledge source and the recipient on knowledge transfer. It means that the knowledge source's network centrality does not directly increase knowledge transfer. Instead, by providing access to various knowledge sources, the network centrality provides only the context where the strong tie between the knowledge source and the recipient leads to effective knowledge transfer. In short, network centrality has indirect effect on knowledge transfer from the knowledge recipient's perspective, while it has direct effect from the knowledge source's perspective. This is the most important contribution of this research. In addition, contrary to the research hypothesis, company tenure of the knowledge recipient negatively influences knowledge transfer. It means that experienced employees do not look for new knowledge and stick to their own knowledge. This is also an interesting result. One of the possible reasons is the hierarchical culture of Korea, such as a fear of losing face in front of subordinates. In a research methodology perspective, multi-level analysis adopted in this study seems to be very promising in management research area which has a multi-level data structure, such as employee-team-department-company. In addition, social network analysis is also a promising research approach with an exploding availability of online social network data.

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A Multi-Layered Approach for the Valuation of Location Based Services

  • Kim, Ji-Hoon;Kwon, Oh-Byung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.147-156
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    • 2005
  • In developing the ubiquitous computing technology based services (ubiquitous services), evaluating how much value of those services is created or added is very crucial. The efforts to evaluate the ubiquitous services have been progressed in two perspectives - technical perspective and behavioral perspective. Despite its importance, however, the methodologies which integrate both perspectives have been still very rare. Hence, this paper aims perspectives have been still very rare. Hence, this paper aims to propose an integrated ubiquitous service valuation methodology based on the multi-layered approach including technical and behavioral perspectives. To do so, we conducted a case study with currently existing location based service (LBS) such as navigation systems by conducting focus group interview (FGI) and field survey.

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A Hierarchical Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Performability Assessment

  • Zhang, Shuo;Huang, Ning;Sun, Xiaolei;Zhang, Yue
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.10 no.8
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    • pp.3602-3620
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    • 2016
  • Dynamic topology is one of the main influence factors on network performability. However, it was always ignored by the traditional network performability assessment methods when analyzing large-scale mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) because of the state explosion problem. In this paper, we address this problem from the perspective of complex network. A two-layer hierarchical modeling approach is proposed for MANETs performability assessment, which can take both the dynamic topology and multi-state nodes into consideration. The lower level is described by Markov reward chains (MRC) to capture the multiple states of the nodes. The upper level is modeled as a small-world network to capture the characteristic path length based on different mobility and propagation models. The hierarchical model can promote the MRC of nodes into a state matrix of the whole network, which can avoid the state explosion in large-scale networks assessment from the perspective of complex network. Through the contrast experiments with OPNET simulation based on specific cases, the method proposed in this paper shows satisfactory performance on accuracy and efficiency.

Analysis of Prejudice Toward Foreigners by Nurses and Physicians in Korea (국내 의료인의 외국인에 대한 편견)

  • Nam, Kyoung A;Jeong, Geum Hee
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.437-449
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: To improve the cultural competency of nurses and physicians in Korea by disclosing their degree of prejudice toward foreigners who were major target of international medical tourists. Method: A descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected from a total of 458 nurses and physicians at general hospitals in Korea. Subjects completed questionnaires on their demographic information and prejudice toward foreigners from a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral perspective. Results: While there was a positive attitude toward Caucasian Americans and Japanese, there was a negative prejudice toward Chinese and African Americans. There was an especially high and negative prejudice from a cognitive and behavioral perspective toward Chinese. There was a significant difference in the level of prejudice according to the education level, workplace, and multi-cultural education of Korean health professionals. Conclusion: It is necessary to investigate the negative prejudice toward foreigners of specific races or countries with cautious consideration. We also recommend the development and application of strategies to improve the multi-cultural competency of Korean nurses and physicians.

Innovation Patterns of Machine Learning and a Birth of Niche: Focusing on Startup Cases in the Republic of Korea (머신러닝 혁신 특성과 니치의 탄생: 한국 스타트업 사례를 중심으로)

  • Kang, Songhee;Jin, Sungmin;Pack, Pill Ho
    • The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2021
  • As the Great Reset is discussed at the World Economic Forum due to the COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence, the driving force of the 4th industrial revolution, is also in the spotlight. However, corporate research in the field of artificial intelligence is still scarce. Since 2000, related research has focused on how to create value by applying artificial intelligence to existing companies, and research on how startups seize opportunities and enter among existing businesses to create new value can hardly be found. Therefore, this study analyzed the cases of startups using the comprehensive framework of the multi-level perspective with the research question of how artificial intelligence based startups, a sub-industry of software, have different innovation patterns from the existing software industry. The target firms are gazelle firms that have been certified as venture firms in South Korea, as start-ups within 7 years of age, specializing in machine learning modeling purposively sampled in the medical, finance, marketing/advertising, e-commerce, and manufacturing fields. As a result of the analysis, existing software companies have achieved process innovation from an enterprise-wide integration perspective, in contrast machine learning technology based startups identified unit processes that were difficult to automate or create value by dismantling existing processes, and automate and optimize those processes based on data. The contribution of this study is to analyse the birth of artificial intelligence-based startups and their innovation patterns while validating the framework of an integrated multi-level perspective. In addition, since innovation is driven based on data, the ability to respond to data-related regulations is emphasized even for start-ups, and the government needs to eliminate the uncertainty in related systems to create a predictable and flexible business environment.

Deep Local Multi-level Feature Aggregation Based High-speed Train Image Matching

  • Li, Jun;Li, Xiang;Wei, Yifei;Wang, Xiaojun
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.1597-1610
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    • 2022
  • At present, the main method of high-speed train chassis detection is using computer vision technology to extract keypoints from two related chassis images firstly, then matching these keypoints to find the pixel-level correspondence between these two images, finally, detection and other steps are performed. The quality and accuracy of image matching are very important for subsequent defect detection. Current traditional matching methods are difficult to meet the actual requirements for the generalization of complex scenes such as weather, illumination, and seasonal changes. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the high-speed train image matching method based on deep learning. This paper establishes a high-speed train chassis image matching dataset, including random perspective changes and optical distortion, to simulate the changes in the actual working environment of the high-speed rail system as much as possible. This work designs a convolutional neural network to intensively extract keypoints, so as to alleviate the problems of current methods. With multi-level features, on the one hand, the network restores low-level details, thereby improving the localization accuracy of keypoints, on the other hand, the network can generate robust keypoint descriptors. Detailed experiments show the huge improvement of the proposed network over traditional methods.

New Approach for Sustainable Technology: Strategic Niche Management (지속가능한 기술을 향한 새로운 접근: 전략적 니치관리(Strategic Niche Management))

  • Park, Dong-Oh;Song, Wi-Chin
    • Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.57-81
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    • 2008
  • This paper reviewed outline of Strategic Niche Management(SNM) and its usefulness and limits as policy tool. SNM is based on Multi Level Perspective(MLP) that traces technological innovation and makes transition of lock-in socio-technical system. This approach is one of systematical then traditional one, market failure approach. SNM had get a attention not only as a analytical frame of technological development, but also tool of radical innovation, although its limits of theoretical and empirical immaturity. SNM could provide a new perspective to analysis and action within urgent needs of alternative innovation policy for aging society, news energy policy for sustainable and disaster policy in danger society.

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