• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.7-19
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to select new pelleting binder and material for seeds from Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. The optimum treatments of the various concentrations and species of priming agents to improve seed germination of both woody medicinal plants were also estimated. Germinability was increased when the seeds of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance was soaked in -1.0 MPa of PEG6000 solution at $15^{\circ}C$ for 4 days significantly, the optimum treatment for improving germination of Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz was observed when the tested seeds was soaked in 100 mM of KCl at $15^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. The influence of physical and chemical properties of pelleting solid materials, the mixture of gypsum, diatomaceous earth, dalma ceramic and vermicuolite (6:1:1:1 ratio) were found as the best pelleting materials for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. seeds. To satisfy the requirements of absorption and compatibility for multi-layer seed pelleting, SGPA (Starch-grafted cross-linked polyacrylates) hydrogel was prepared using starch, acrylonitrile, ceric ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, methyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide. The resulting SGPA hydrogel showed high water absorption but not plant compatibility. It suggested that seed pelleting using pelleting materials and SGPA hydrogel (multi-layer coating) after priming agent treatment is to increase germinability and seedling growth and it can reduced irrigation labours and can also save seed.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.37-37
• /
• 2009

Due to their high corrosion resistance and improved mechanical properties super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) are extensively used in petrochemical plants such as facilities in modern oil platform and off-shore process equipment. It is well known that the best mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of super-duplex stainless steel are obtained with a microstructure having approximately equal amounts of austenite and ferrite. And it is also known that sigma($\sigma$), chi($\chi$), secondary austenite(${\gamma}2$), chromium carbides and nitride affected adversely their properties. Therefore these phases must be avoided. However, effects of succeeding weld thermal cycle on the change of microstructure of weldment at multi-pass weld were not seldom experimentally researched. Therefore in the present work, the change of weldmetal microstructure and the effect of microstructure on pitting corrosion property at $40^{\circ}C$ by succeeding each weld thermal cycle were researched. The thermal history of root side was measured experimentally and the change of microstructure of root weld according to thermal cycle of each weld layer was evaluated. And the relationship between microstructure of root weld and pitting corrosion property at $40^{\circ}C$ was also investigated. Results of the present work are show as below. 1. The ferrite contents of root weld are gradually reduced by succeeding weld thermal cycle. 2. The 2nd phases such as sigma($\sigma$), chi($\chi$), secondary austenite(${\gamma}2$), chromium carbides and nitride are increased gradually by succeeding weld thermal cycle. 3. The pitting corrosion was detected in root weld part and weight loss by pitting corrosion is increased in proportional to the time exposed over $600^{\circ}C$ of the root weld. 4. The succeeding weld thermal cycles affect the microstructure of the former weldments and promote the formation of 2nd phases. That is, the more succeeding welds are added, the more 2nd phases are gradually increased. Consequently, it is thougth that this adversely affects pitting corrosion property.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.592-599
• /
• 2019

This study is to stabilize insoluble and unstable active ingredient which is Idebenone (INCI name: hydroxydecyl ubiquinone) in a multi-lamellar vesicle (MLV) and to stabilize it in the skin care cosmetics. Idebenone is good effective raw material in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the medical field and a powerful antioxidant in dermatology. It is well known as a substance that inhibits the formation of melanin and cleans the skin pigment. However, it did not dissolve in any solvent and it was difficult to apply in cosmetic applications. Niosome vesicle was able to develop a nano-particle by making a multi-layer of idebenone encapsulated with a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated lecithin and glycine soja (soybean) sterols and passing it through a high pressure microfluidizer. Idebenone niosome vesicle (INV) has been developed to have the ability to dissolve transparently in water and to promote transdermal penetration. The appearance of the INV was a yellowish liquid having specific odor, and the particle size distribution of INV was about 10~80 nm. The pH was 5~8 (mean=6.8). This capsulation with idebenone was stored in a $45^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 months and its stability was observed and quantitatively measured by HPLC. As a result, the stability of the sample encapsulated in the niosome vesicle (97.5%) was about 66.3% higher than that of the non-capsule sample of 32.5%. Idebenone 1% INV was used for the efficacy test and clinical trial evaluation as follows. The anti-oxidative activity of INV was 38.2%, which was superior to that of 12.8% tocopherol (control). The melanin-reducing effect of B16 melanoma cells was better than INV (17.4%) and Albutin (control) (9.6%). Pro-collagen synthesis rate was 128.2% for INV and 89.3% for tocopherol (control). The skin moisturizing effect was 15.5% better than the placebo sample. The elasticity effect was 9.7% better than the placebo sample. As an application field, INV containing 1% of idebenone is expected to be able to develop various functional cosmetic formulations such as skin toner, ampoule essence, cream, eye cream and sunblock cream. In addition, it is expected that this encapsulated material will be widely applicable to emulsifying agents for skin use in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the cosmetics industry.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.511-519
• /
• 2005

식품 포장재에 사용되는 접착제의 원료로 사용되는 우레탄의 주원료인 톨루엔 디이소시아네이트(TDI)는 인체에 노출될 경우에 독성을 일으킬 수 있다. GC/MS를 사용하여 식품 포장재에 잔류하는 TDI를 분석하기 위한 시료 전처리 조건과 분석조건을 확립하였다. 포장재 중에 포함된 TDI는 n-헵탄, 4%아세트산 등과 같은 식품유사용매를 사용하여 추출된 후, 기체 크로마토그래프/질량분석기 (GC/MS)에 의해 분석되었다. 26개의 식품 포장재를 측정한 결과 10개의 시료에서 $0.51{\sim}60.88{\mu}g/ml$ 농도 범위에서 TDI가 검출되었다. 포장재의 절단된 면에 대한 추출 용매의 접촉을 피하고 포장재 면만이 접촉하도록 한 후 추출시간을 달리하면서 실험한 결과 2시간 추출 조건에서도 0.7% 수준으로 감소되어 실제 식품 조리시에 TDI가 다량 검출될 위험은 미미한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 톨루엔 디이소시아네이트에 대한 분석법은 외국의 유해물질에 대한 관리기준을 만족시키는 정량한계를 확보한 신뢰성 있는 방법으로 추후 관련 연구를 위한 기초 분석기술로 활용도가 높을 것으로 예상된다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 2015

에틸렌비닐아세테이트(EVA)에 난연성을 부여하기 위해서 일반적으로 무기 난연충전제인 수산화알루미늄(ATH)이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폐포장재 다층 필름의 재활용 공정에서 부생하는 ATH를 사용하여 EVA에 대한 난연제로서의 특성을 조사하였다. EVA/ATH 복합재료를 two roll-mill을 이용하여 제조하고, 이 복합재료의 난연성 및 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 난연성은 한계산소지수(LOI) 및 UL-94 평가를 이용하여 확인하였다. EVA 수지에 재활용된 ATH가 150 phr 이상 첨가되었을 때 우수한 난연 특성을 나타내었다. ATH의 입자 크기 및 비표면적이 EVA/ATH 복합재료의 LOI 값 및 UL-94 평가의 등급에 영향을 주는 인자임을 확인하였다. 즉 ATH 입자 크기가 작을수록, 비표면적이 클수록 난연성은 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 기계적 물성의 경우 실제로 전선 등에 이용되고 있는 가교형 EVA/ATH 복합재료의 경우 재활용된 ATH를 첨가하여도 인장물성은 저하되지 않고 첨가하지 않은 경우와 유사하거나 오히려 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.348-359
• /
• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of multi-layer of a collagen membrane alone or loaded rhBMP-2 on the buccal plate for ridge preservation after tooth extraction. Material and methods: Following bilateral extraction of the maxillary 1st and 3rd premolars in five dogs, rhBMP-2 loaded collagen membrane was applied to the buccal plates at the 1st premolar and collagen membrane only was applied to the buccal plates at the 3rd premolar unilaterally. The collagen membranes applied in the experimental groups were piled into four layers. The corresponding sites of the contralateral side healed naturally. After 3months of healing, the animals were sacrificed. Radiographic and histologic analyses were performed. Results: There was no significant difference in the healing of extraction socket at both 1st and 3rd premolars. In microcomputed tomography, the widths of the residual ridge of the experimental groups were similar with the controls. Histologically, the experimental groups did not exhibit different pattern compared to the controls regardless of the addition of rhBMP-2. Conclusion: Layering of the collagen membrane with or without rhBMP-2 on the buccal plate failed to show the effectiveness in dimensional preservation of the extraction socket.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.83-87
• /
• 2018

An object in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is affected by many environmental conditions unlike earth's surface such as, Atomic oxygen (AO), Ultraviolet Radiation (UV), thermal cycling, High Vacuum and Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris (MMOD) impacts. The effect of all these parameters have to be carefully considered when designing a space structure, as it could be very critical for a space mission. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a high performance thermoplastic polymer that could be a suitable material for space missions because of its excellent resistance to these environmental factors. A thin coating of PBI polymer on the carbon epoxy composite laminate (referred as CFRP) was found to improve the energy absorption capability of the laminate in event of a hypervelocity impact. However, the overall efficiency of the shield also depends on other factors like placement and orientation of the laminates, standoff distances and the number of shielding layers. This paper studies the effectiveness of using a PBI coating on the front bumper in a multi-shock shield design for enhanced hypervelocity impact resistance. A thin PBI coating of 43 micron was observed to improve the shielding efficiency of the CFRP laminate by 22.06% when exposed to LEO environment conditions in a simulation chamber. To study the effectiveness of PBI coating in a hypervelocity impact situation, experiments were conducted on the CFRP and the PBI coated CFRP laminates with projectile velocities between 2.2 to 3.2 km/s. It was observed that the mass loss of the CFRP laminates decreased 7% when coated by a thin layer of PBI. However, the study of mass loss and damage area on a witness plate showed CFRP case to have better shielding efficiency than PBI coated CFRP laminate case. Therefore, it is recommended that PBI coating on the front bumper is not so effective in improving the overall hypervelocity impact resistance of the space structure.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.600-605
• /
• 2010

In order to meet the requirements of faster speed and higher packing density for devices in the field of semiconductor manufacturing, the development of Cu/Low k device material is explored for use in multi-layer interconnection. SiOC(-H) thin films containing alkylgroup are considered the most promising among all the other low k candidate materials for Cu interconnection, which materials are intended to replace conventional Al wiring. Their promising character is due to their thermal and mechanical properties, which are superior to those of organic materials such as porous $SiO_2$, SiOF, polyimides, and poly (arylene ether). SiOC(-H) thin films containing alkylgroup are generally prepared by PECVD method using trimethoxysilane as precursor. Nano voids in the film originating from the sterichindrance of alkylgroup lower the dielectric constant of the film. In this study, methyltriphenylsilane containing bulky substitute was prepared and characterized by using NMR, single-crystal X-ray, GC-MS, GPC, FT-IR and TGA analyses. Solid-state NMR is utilized to investigate the insoluble samples and the chemical shift of $^{29}Si$. X-ray single crystal results confirm that methyltriphenylsilane is composed of one Si molecule, three phenyl rings and one methyl molecule. When methyltriphenylsilane decomposes, it produces radicals such as phenyl, diphenyl, phenylsilane, diphenylsilane, triphenylsilane, etc. From the analytical data, methyltriphenylsilane was found to be very efficient as a CVD or PECVD precursor.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.409-419
• /
• 2008

율리신-이바노브 항복 조건을 이용하여 4절점 순수변위 준적합 쉘요소의 정식화를 제안하였다. 기하강성 행렬은 그린 변형률 텐서를 이용하여 휨변형률 및 전단변형률도 기하강성행렬에 고려되었다. 그 결과 접선강성행렬의 해석적인 적분으로 비선형 해석시 매우 효율적으로 계산이 되고 있다. 이 정식은 변형률 경화의 이바노브-유리신 항복조건을 이용하여 재료 비선형 해석시에도 쉽게 적분이 된다. 즉 두께 방향의 적층 적분을 하지 않는 율리신-이바노브의 정식은 대규모의 쉘 구조에도 계산상 아주 적합하다. 검증된 수치 예제에서 만족스러운 결과를 보여주고 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국실내디자인학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 1999

A number of the retail and traditional market customer is decrease, whereas that of the supermarket in department-store customers in is increase. This case suggests that customers have a preference for much more comfortable and pleasant shopping places And making a resonable purchase in the supermarkets where we can find various goods and price zone, is now garden variety. It is a current course that once the manager ask an architect for multi-functional space design in department-store and then the architect compose a team and start to design. Of course, the team of planner thinking manage give the design team the basic material data such as commerce analysis and the use of each layer in the department store but, the design team solve the assignment by architectural form, functional space plan and the limited architecture law. After establishing general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design team. so it is inevitable that the interior design team concerning M·D can find lots of complementary factors with architecture design. The purpose of this study is analyzing the differences of architecture design, which has to accept the limited law and interior design concerning M·D, satisfying the structure and the law in the future design for the department-store. Also the purpose of this thesis is suggestion the items architects and interior designers research into together to make the inner space ideally.