• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.251-252
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• 2022

The microfluidic controlled droplet manufacturing system is one of the most powerful methods for capsule manufacturing. The microfluidic control method can control the type and size of the capsule by changing the size and configuration of the channel. In addition, by increasing the number of channels, capsules of uniform size can be mass-produced. In this paper, a capsule manufacturing system including flow-focusing and T junction method was designed. In addition, the effectiveness of this system was verified by manufacturing multi-emulsion capsules with a size of 2.2 to 3 mm.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.289-289
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• 2006

The carboxylated MWNTs were successfully prepared by conventional acid treatment, and their structures were confirmed by FT-IR, Raman and TEM analysis. The water-dispersibility of the surface modified WNTs were good. The COOH-MWNT will show better stability during the emulsion polymerization as compared with Pristine MWNT. In-situ emulsion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate N(MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) were carried out. Aggregate size and dispersion stability of the CNTs in water phase were measured using dynamic light scattering, turbidity, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and electron microscope. In addition, thermo-mechanical properties of MWNT/polymer nanocomposites were investigated.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 $C_{12-20}$ 알킬글루코사이드, $C_{14-22}$ 알코올 및 베헤닐알코올로 구성된 액정에멀젼을 제조하고 다양한 분석장비를 이용하여 구조분석을 실시하였다. 먼저 제조한 액정에멀젼을 편광현미경과 cryo-SEM을 이용하여 각각 액정에멀젼의 특징인 maltese cross 무늬와 다층 구조를 확인하였다. 또한, DSC를 이용하여 액정상 형성을 확인하였고, small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) 분석을 통하여 약 $305{\AA}$의 층간 간격을 갖는 다층 라멜라 구조를 확인하였다. 한편, wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) 분석을 통해 제조된 액정에멀젼의 라멜라 구조를 이루고 있는 알킬 사슬 간 배열이 사방정계 구조로 되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 액정에멀젼 구조 연구를 통해 얻어진 다양한 물성 정보는 향후 산업적으로 많이 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2006

유화란 서로 섞이지 않는 액체들간의 분산계이다. 화장품에 사용되는 원료에는 서로 잘 섞이지 않는 물질들이 많기 때문에 이들을 한 제제 내에 잘 혼합할 수 있는 유화기술이 매우 유용하게 이용되고 있다. 유화제제의 안정화 및 물성 변화를 위하여 유화제의 발달과 함께 여러 가지 다양한 형태의 유화기술이 개발되었다. 1950년대에 Griffin이 제안한 HLB법을 시작으로 PIT법, 겔(gel) 유화법, D상 유화법 등이 있으며, 최근에는 피부 친화성 또는 인체에 대한 안전성을 높이기 위한 수단으로 천연 유래의 유화제 및 고분자계 유화제의 사용이 늘고 있다. 이 외에도 제품의 외관 차별화 및 유효성분의 전달 효율을 높이기 위한 수단으로 나노 유화, 다중 유화, 액정 유화, 피커링 유화 등이 개발 적용되고 있으며, 리포좀이나 큐보좀 같은 나노 구조체 입자들의 응용에 관한 연구도 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 리포좀은 생체막의 주요 구성성분인 양친매성 인지질의 이중층으로 구성된 계이고, 큐보좀 역시 생체 유래 성분인 모노올레인 같은 물질로 만들어지는 나노 입자의 일종으로 그 분자 구조적 특성으로 인해 수용액 내에서 입방상 구조의 이연속적 수상 채널을 갖는다. 이러한 나노 입자에 효능물질을 봉입시켜 제제화 함으로서 생체 친화적이면서 물질의 전달 효율을 높일 수 있다. 여기서는 화장품용 유화물 및 나노 입자들의 제조 방법, 응용 등에 대하여 간략히 소개하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2002

In this study, it should be mentioned that Lipid-LCG can be prepared with the main compound of hydrogenated lecithin in oil-in water emulsion. The results of its physical property and stability are as follows. First, the best suitable compositions of Lipid-LCG are made from 4.0wt% of the hydrogenated lecithin, 4.0wt% of cetostearyl alcohol as emulsifier and gelling agent, 3.0wt% of butylene glycol and 2.0wt% glycerin as moisturizers, 3.0wt% of cyclomethicone, 3.0wt% of isononyl-isononanoate, 3.0wt% of capric/caprylic triglycerides, 3.0wt% of macadamia oil as emollients. Second, As the optimum conditions to form Lipid-LCG, which figured out 6.0 ${\pm}$ 1.0 for pH level, 32kg/mm, min for hardness to make a .essence to be formed the ternary phase of liquid crystal(multi-lamellar type). Third, as the analytical result of this system, it obtained that particle size is $1{\sim}8{\mu}m$ level, and is certified with it at 400 and 1,000 magnifications by microscope. The stability of Lipid-LCG is very stable on condition of a low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$), a room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and a high temperature ($40^{\circ}C$), which is not to be split in for a long time(for 3-month). We produced our own moisturizing essence, which has a good affinity to skin by means of this system.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2002

As model waterborne acrylic coatings, mono-dispersed poly(butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate) copolymer latexes of random copolymer and core/shell type graft copolymer were prepared by seeded multi-staged emulsion polymerization with particle size of $180{\sim}200$ nm using semi-batch type process. Sodium lauryl sulfate and potassium persulfate were used as an emulsifier and an initiator, respectively. The effect of particle texture including core/shell phase ratio, glass transition temperature and crosslinking density, and film forming temperature on the film formation and final properties of film was investigated using SEM, AFM, and UV in this study. The film formation behavior of model latex was traced simultaneously by the weight loss measurement and by the change of tensile properties and UV transmittance during the entire course of film formation. It was found that the increased glass transition temperature and higher crosslinking degree of latex resulted in the delay of the onset of coalescence of particles by interdiffusion during film forming process. This can be explained qualitatively in terms of diffusion rate of polymer chains. However, the change of weight loss during film formation was insensitive to discern each film forming stages-I, II and III.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2003

This study described about method that form liquid crystal gel (LCG) by main ingredient with hydrogenated lechin (HL) in OW emulsion system. Result of stability test is as following with most suitable LCG's composition. Composition of LCG is as following. To form liquid crystal, an emulsifier used $4.0\;wt\%$ of cetostearyl alcohol (CA) by $4.0\;wt\%$ of HL as a booster, Moisturizers contained $2\;wt\%$ of glycerin and $3.0\;wt\%$ of 1.3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG). Suitable emollients used $3.0\;wt\%$ of cyclomethicone, $3.0\;wt\%$ of isononyl isononanoate (ININ), $3.0\;wt\%$ of cerpric/carprylic triglycerides (CCTG), $3.0\;wt\%$ of macademia nut oil (MNO) in liquid crystal gel formation. On optimum conditions of LCG formation, the pHs were formed all well under acidity or alkalinity conditions. Considering safety of skin, PH was the most suitable $\pm61.0$ ranges. The stable hardness of LCG formation appeared best in $32\;dyne/cm^2.$ Particle of LCG is forming size of $1{\~}20\;{\mu}m$ um range, and confirmed that the most excellent LCG is formed in $1{\~}6\;{\mu}m$ range. According to result that observe shape of LCG with optical or polarization microscope, LCG could was formed, and confirmed that is forming multi-layer lamellar type structure around the LCG. Moisturizing effect measured clinical test about 20 volunteers. As a result, moisturizing effect of LCG compares to placebo cream was increased $30.6\%$. This could predicted that polyol group is appeared the actual state because is adsorbed much to round liquid crystal droplets to multi-lamellar layer's hydrophilic group. It could predicted that polyol group is vast quantity present phase that appear mixed because is adsorbed to round liquid crystal to multi-lamellar layer's hydrophilic group. This LCG formation theory may contribute greatly in cosmetics and pharmacy industry development.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2003

Provitamin $B_5$ liquid crystal ($PVB_5$-LC) was the new emulsion system to enhance moisturizing activity on the skin. In this study, it should be mentioned that PVB5-LC could be prepared with the main compound of hydrogenated lecithin (HL) in oil-in water (O/W) emulsion. The key ingredient of humectants was contained 2% of provitamin $B_5$ ($PVB_5$) into the $PVB_5$-LC. The best suitable compositions of $PVB_5$-LC were made from 4.0 wt% of HL, 4.0 wt% of cetostearyl alcohol (CSA) as emulsifier and gelling agent, 3.0 wt% of 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG) and 2.0 wt% of glycerin as moisturizers, 3.0 wt% of cyclomethicone (CMC), 3.0 wt% of isononanoate (ININ), 3.0 wt% of capric/caprylic triglyceride (CCTG), 3.0 wt% of macadamia nut oil (MNO) as emollients. As the analytical result of $PVB_5$-LC, it could know that the distribution range of particle size was 0.14 to 12.37 m level (mean size 3.24 m). It was certified the multi lamellar phase around the droplet of liquid crystal when observed the droplet particles through a polarization microscope. And it clinically was tested the effectiveness of moisturizing activity (in-vivo) compared with control sample (O/W emulsion). The effectiveness of moisturizing activity of $PVB_5$-LC with Skincon-200EX after 6 hours went up 49.0% (p<0.05, n=20) whereas the effectiveness of moisturizing activity of generally O/W emulsion cream was 25.7% (p<005, n=20). Also, in case of Comeometer CM-825, the moisturizing activity of $PVB_5$-LC after 6 hours rose 36.6% (p<0.05, n=20) whereas the effectiveness of moisturizing activity of generally O/W emulsion cream was 10.8%. Therefore, it was known that the effectiveness moisturizing activity of $PVB_5$-LC with HL was remarkably superior compared with O/W emulsion cream.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.765-779
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• 2003

Physiological lipid mixtures comprised of cholesterol, ceramide and free fatty acid better maintain epidermal homeostasis and have been recently used for dermatoses induced by skin barrier damage, for example for atopic dermatitis and xerotic skin. Itching and dry atopic dermatitis of the skin may be related to altered skin barrier function. In a previous study, the use of multi-lamellar emulsion (MLE), which is a lipid mixtures containing cholesterol, pseudoceramide and free fatty acid, has been shown to accelerate the recovery of the epidermal permeability barrier. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of MLE compared with a currently used anti-itch moisturizer (AIM), the active ingredients of which are menthol and camphor, on barrier recovery after barrier disruption. To clarify the effect of MLE and AIM after acute barrier perturbation, we measured the relation between transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the barrier recovery rate at 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours after tape stripping hairless mice and then observed changes in the stratum corneum (SC), including the intercellular lipid structure and secretion of lamellar bodies, by electron microscopy. MLE treated skin recover skin barrier function more rapidly, and AIM treated skin delayed barrier repair. Morphological changes in the epidermis, of MLE treated skin revealed well-conserved lipid multi-lamellar structures at 24 h after tape stripping, whereas AIM treated skin showed altered lamellar bilayers within the SC interstices at 48 h. In addition, MLE treated skin showed an increase in the number of LBs and in their secretions and a decrease in the number of SC layers versus AIM treated skin. These results suggest that MLE may accelerate the production of an epidermal permeability barrier in hairless mice by increasing the number and secretion of LB and improve the dryness and itch associated with an altered epidermal permeability barrier.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2004

In this study, various model composite latexes were synthesized using n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate as comonomers by seeded multi-staged emulsion polymerization. Monodispersed model composite latex particles with size of 190 nm and polydispersity index of 1.05, which have various morphology including random copolymer particle, soft-core/hard-shell particle, hard-core/soft shell particle, and gradient-type copolymer particle, homopolymers particles were prepared. The designed morphology of model composite particles were confirmed.