• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.354-361
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• 2000

The effect of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract(MLE) on oxidative stress and membrane fluidity in brain membranes of SD rats fed with 100 and 300 mg/kg BW/day were carried out for 6 weeks. Cholesterol accumulations resulted in a consistent decreases (4.6% and 5.6%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 group compared with control group. Membrane fluidities were dose-dependently increased (2.2% and 5.1%, 5.0% and 15.2%) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Basal oxygen radicals(BORs) in brain mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited (15.7% and 25.1%, 9.0% and 12.4%, respectively) by MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Induced oxygen radicals(IORs) in brain mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited (8.9% and 13.1%, 16.5% and 23.2%, respectively) by MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly decreased (8.5% and 18.1%, 7.6% and 12.3%) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were dose-dependently decreased (4.3% and 14.2%, 10.0% and 10.9%, respectively) in brain microsomes of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that MLE may play an effective role in an attenuating an oxidative stress and increasing a membrane fluidity in brain membranes.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2013

We bred a mulberry cultivar named Shimheungppong, through local adaptability test, which is under registration as a new cultivar for fruit production. Local adaptability test had been carried out at three places(Suwon, Wanju, and Jinju) for six years from 2004. This is tetraploidy variety belonging to (Morus alba L.) selected among mulberry genetic resources preserved in Suwon. Shimheungppong was high yielding cultivar in fruit productivity by 5% compared to control cultivar 'Chungilppong(Morus alba L.)' for four years. Although Shimheungppong was a little lower in sugar content of mulberry fruits, it was bigger than that of Chungilppong. It is adaptable to every where except the places where cold damage and sclerotic disease happen frequently.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.830-836
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• 2011

The leaf of mulberry (Morus alba L) has long been used in Oriental medicine for the prevention or treatment of several diseases. However, little is known about the inhibitory effects of a single compound isolated from the mulberry leaves on inflammatory response. We are isolate a single compound of quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) and astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside) from the mulberry leaves, and then investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin, astragalin or quercetin plus astragalin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Each compound suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, $PGE_2$ and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, the cotreatment of quercetin (2.5 ${\mu}M$) and astragalin (2.5 ${\mu}M$) markedly suppressed the production and the expression of inflammatory mediators. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. These results suggest that the combination of quercetin and astragalin from the mulberry leaves may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2012

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.504-510
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract (MLE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups) added 100 and 300 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a significant decreases (15.2% and 18.1%, 5.6% and 8.0%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes could be not obtained. These are no significant differences in superoxide radical ($O_2$) levels of liver cytosol in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were slightly decreased about 13.6% and 6.1% in liver mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 group compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 16.9% and 27.2% in liver microsomes only of MLE-100 and MLE-300 group compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in liver mitochondria were remarkably increased (18.2% and 28.7%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu,Zn-SOD activities in liver cytosol were also significantly increased (11.3% and 20.2%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in liver mitochondria were remarkably increased (18.2% and 28.7%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu,Zn-SOD activities in liver cytosol were also significantly increased (11.3% and 20.2%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group, but significant difference between GSHPx activities in liver cytosol could be not obtained. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.623-626
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of proteolytic enzymes extracted from mulberry (Morus alba L.). The protease activity of the enzymes from mulberry was 2,358 unit/g. The enzymes showed strong activities toward hemoglobin and collagen. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzymes were 50$^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. The enzymes were stable at the temperature range of 30$^{\circ}C$ to 60$^{\circ}C$ and the pH from 5.0 to 7.0 for 1 hr at 37$^{\circ}C$ of incubation and also retained whole activity after incubation for 1 hr at 60$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.570-576
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract (MLE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups) added 100 and 300 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) lecels resulted in significant decreases (13.4% and 21.1%, 12.0% and 13.4%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsome of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Superoxide radical ($O_2$) levels were significantly decreased about 12% in brain cytosol of MLE-300 group compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were effectively inhibited (18.1% and 12.3%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were significantly decreased (14.2%, and 10.9%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in brain mitochondria were significantly increased (13.5% and 18.6%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities in brain cytosol were also effectively increased (about 17.7%) in MLE-300 groups compared with control group. GSHPx activities in brain cytosol were remarkably increased (17.2% and 23.9%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes in brain.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

We bred a mulberry cultivar named Sangberry, through local adaptability test, which is under registration as a new cultivar for fruit production. Local adaptability test had been carried out at four places(Suwon, Kongju, Jangseong and Sangju) for six years from 2005. This is tetraploidy variety belonging to(Morus alba L.) made by colchicine treatment on growing point of winter buds. Sangberry was high yielding cultivar in fruit productivity by 70% compared to control cultivar "Chungilppong(Morus alba L.)" for four years. Although Sangberry was a little lower in sugar content of mulberry fruits, it contains more bioactive materials like C3G, rutin and amino acids than Chungilppong. It is adaptable to every where except the places where cold damage and sclerotic disease happen frequently.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

To evaluate the growth rate of larval and pupal parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori fed with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps) treated $MR_2$ mulberry leaves, the following works have been considered. The AgNp was synthesized by chemical reduction method, it was diluted by different concentrations such as 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (without dilution). Fresh mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) were sprayed by each concentration and were fed to silkworms, from $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ instar, five feedings/day. Group $T_1$ larvae received $MR_2$ mulberry leaves sprayed with distilled water and served as control, group $T_2$, $T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$ larvae received 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% AgNps sprayed mulberry leaves, respectively. Silkworm larvae fed on M. alba ($MR_2$) leaves sprayed with 25% concentration of AgNps (group $T_2$) was significantly increased the larvae and cocoon length, width and weight as compared to those fed on control (group $T_1$) $MR_2$ mulberry leaves and other groups ($T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$). Hence, 25% AgNps dose was fixed as an effective dose. It has been observed from the present study that 25% AgNps treated (group $T_2$) leaves fed by silkworms have enhanced the larval and pupal growth and quantity of silk production than control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1569-1574
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• 2005

The in situ nylon bag degradation and in vitro intestinal digestibility of dry matter (DM), and crude protein (CP) of mulberry (Morus alba) plant fractions was studied at four harvest stages, 3 (W3), 5 (W5), 7 (W7) and 9 (W9) weeks. Degradability of DM and CP of the whole plant and stem fractions declined significantly (p<0.01) with advancing plant maturity in the order W3>W5 and W7>W9 and W3>W5>W7>W9, respectively. The degradation of DM and CP of the leaf fraction was also influenced by plant maturity but no trend was observed. The degradation of DM and CP of the whole plant and leaves increased rapidly during the first 48 and 24 h of incubation, respectively, when maximum degradation was reached. In vitro intestinal digestibility of CP was more influenced by the residence time in the rumen than by plant maturity. This study showed that mulberry is suitable as a supplement, particularly to low-quality roughages, in providing a source of rapidly available nitrogen to the rumen microbes, hence improving the roughage degradability and intake.