• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.593-607
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• 2013

This study was conducted to identify adults' knowledge, dietary behavior related to sodium, and attitude towards. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the quality of multiple roles and psychological well-being upon parenting behavior among employed mothers. The subjects were 172 employed mothers living in Seoul, Korea. The results are as follows. First, the quality of parental role was related to all of subscales of parenting behaviors of employed mothers. Second, employed mothers' higher autonomy was significantly associated with greater intimacy and reasoning guidance in their parenting. Third, employed mothers with greater positive relationship and autonomy were more likely to exhibit limit setting. Finally, higher level of environmental mastery and autonomy was related to greater parental involvement. Mothers' psychological well being was not significantly related to mothers' responsiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.167-177
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of peer competence to children's interpersonal problem solving skills and mothers' parenting behavior. The subjects were 88, 6-year-old children and their mothers. Instruments used included the Peer Competence Scale, PIPS, and the revised version of IPBI. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlations, partial correlations, and stepwise regression. Children's sociability was explained mostly by mothers' intimacy-reasoning guidance, parental involvement, and children's positive alternative Solutions. Children's prosocial behavior was explained mostly by mothers' intimacy-reasoning guidance and children's positive alternative solutions. Children's leadership was explained most by mothers' involvement and Omit selling in parenting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.659-670
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify effects of the Active Parenting Today (APT) program based on King's Goal Attainment Theory on parenting stress, parenting behavior, and parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants were 39 mothers of school-age children (19 in the experiment group and 20 in the control group) who were registered at two community children centers in G city. The experimental group received the APT program (2 hours/session/week) and telephone counseling (2 times/week) for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, Fisher exact probability test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/Win15.0 program. Results: Parenting stress was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Positive parenting behavior and parenting satisfaction were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, negative parenting behavior was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the APT program based on King's Goal Attainment Theory is useful in reducing parenting stress, creating positive parenting behavior change, and promoting parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.109-124
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to identify how child's gender, temperament, mother's stress and their interactions predict parenting behavior. The subjects were 97 2-year-olds(47boys; 50girls) and their mothers. Data were gathered by questionnaires. Results of a series of hierarchical regression analyses showed combinations of variables that predicted parenting behaviors : (1) mothers reported higher over-protectiveness toward girls and when they were under higher stress. (2) An interaction effect showed that mothers with sons who had higher 'difficult' temperaments reported greater over-protective parenting under greater stress. (3) There were no significant differences in over-protective parenting under low stress, regardless of the level of difficult temperament. (4) Mother's stress was a strong predictor of supportive parenting behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.35-48
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• 2009

Parenting knowledge is regarded as an important variable influencing parenting style. This study investigated the parenting knowledge of mothers with infants and analyzed how this knowledge influenced their parenting style. The mothers’ parenting efficacy was included in the analysis as a mediator between parenting knowledge and parenting style. Three hundred and seventy-five mothers with infants completed questionnaires regarding parenting knowledge, parenting efficacy, and parenting style. The results showed that the mothers reported different scores in subcategories of parenting knowledge, in which the highest scores were in knowledge about rearing behavior and the lowest were in the developmental process. Second, there were differences in parenting knowledge scores according to the age, employment status, and educational level of subjects. Third, subjects with the more accurate parenting knowledge reported more positive parenting efficacy and parenting style. Lastly, parenting efficacy completely mediated between parenting knowledge and parenting style.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mothers' parenting behavior, preschool children's language ability and emotion regulation on peer competence and aggressive behavior. The subjects were 100 preschool children (49 girls and 51 boys; mean age, 70.30 months), their mothers and teachers, recruited from five daycare centers located in Gyeonggi-do area. Each child's language ability was assessed individually with the standardized measure, the Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale and their teachers reported on the children's peer competence and aggressive behavior. Their mothers also reported on parenting behavior and their child's emotion regulation by questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression. The main results of this study were as follows. First, preschool children's peer competence was positively related to maternal warmth and children's language ability. Their aggressive behavior was positively related to harsh maternal parenting but negatively related to emotion regulation. Second, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that children's language ability and maternal warmth predicted peer competence. Third, children's gender, emotion regulation, and harsh maternal parenting predicted aggressive behavior. These findings could provide basic information for programs and services to promote peer competence in preschool children.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.249-268
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preschooler's temperament on peer play activity, focusing on the mediation of mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors Methods: 1695 mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires on children's temperament and peer play behaviors, and mothers' parenting behaviors. Data were analyzed by regression analyses by SPSS 18.0. Results: First, preschoolers' sociability exerted positive effects on good peer play behaviors(play interaction) and negative effects on the bad peer play behaviors (disruption, disconnection) and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Second, preschoolers' emotionality exerted negative effects on good peer play behaviors and positive effects on the bad peer play behaviors and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Preschoolers' activity exerted positive effects on good peer play behaviors and negative effects on the bad peer play behaviors and both were partially mediated by mothers' social interaction parenting behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: These findings provide preliminary evidence that mothers' social interaction parenting behavior partially mediate the effects of preschoolers' temperament on peer play behaviors. Implications for the use of intervention targeting specific temperament have been discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of children's behavior problems and child-rearing stress to rejective parenting attitude in mothers. Methods: Study participants were 595 mothers who had children aged 3 to 5 who attended one of 10 kindergartens or infant schools in M or B Cities. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, CBCL (Child Behavior Check List), PARQ (Parenting Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire), and PSI (Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Abidin). Regression analysis was the statistical method used for data analysis. Results: The factors associated with rejective parenting attitude were child-rearing stress, birth order, mother's education, the major caregiver in the family, and the type of family. These factors explained 33.7% of rejective parenting attitude. Conclusion: The findings indicate a need to develop and provide parenting programs to reduce child-rearing stress in mothers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.243-255
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• 2008

This study analyzed relations among maternal parenting behavior, infant development and parenting stress focusing on the moderating effect of parenting stress. Subjects were 30 infants and their mothers. After videotaping the mother-infant free play session, maternal parenting was analyzed by the Parent Child Interaction Play Assessment(Mash & Terdal, 1981); mothers' parenting stress was measured by questionnaire. Infant development was measured individually by the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development (K-BSID-II). Correlation analyses revealed that infant cognitive development correlated significantly with maternal parenting behavior (attention) but the relation between them was moderated by maternal parenting stress; only the low parenting stress group showed a positive relationship between maternal parenting behavior and infant development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2009

Using samples of working mothers with 0-to-47 month old children extracted from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), this study investigated effects of mothers' job characteristics on parenting behaviors and young children's motor, social, and cognitive development. Date were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that (1) job dissatisfaction was negatively related to children's development. (2) Working fewer hours was positively associated with mothers' cognitively stimulating parenting behaviors. (3) Total earnings were a positive predictor of mothers' emotional support. (4) The availability of a flexible hour benefit was positively related to mothers' cognitive stimulation level but the availability of a paid sick and vacation days combined benefit was negatively related to mothers' cognitively stimulating parenting behavior.