• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.15-33
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• 2003

The 120 participants of this study were 5- and 9-year-old children and their mothers. Children responded to 24 prosocial moral reasoning dilemmas and 8 prosocial decision-making tasks. Mothers' prosocial moral reasoning was assessed with questionnaires. Level of moral reasoning was higher in distant than in close relationships. 5-year-olds in preoperational stage used the complex situational cues in their reasoning, and prosocial moral reasoning of 9-year-olds was positively related to mothers' prosocial moral reasoning in the situation with conditions of distant relationship, low costs, and internal responsibility. Children made more helping decisions in close than in distant relationship situations, low rather than high cost situations, and external rather than internal responsibility situations. 5-year-olds whose mothers were high in level of prosocial moral reasoning were more helpful.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.180-189
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between nursing students' nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence, and to clarify the mediating effect of moral sensitivity which has a mutual influence on nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence. Methods: The data collection for this study was conducted from January 23 to February 1, 2021 with junior and senior nursing students enrolled in five nursing departments in two regions. The data collected in this study were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 program. Results: Through this study, it was found that nursing professionalism (β=.47) and moral sensitivity (β=.32) acted as important influencing factors on the ethical decision-making confidence of nursing students, with an explanatory power of 31.2%. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a partial mediating effect of moral sensitivity in the relationship between the nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence of nursing students, and the mediating effect coefficient of moral sensitivity was .16. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it is suggested to prepare a plan to increase ethical decision-making confidence and moral sensitivity when planning interventions to improve nursing professionalism in nursing students.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.20-31
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• 2007

Moral hazard and adverse selection often exist in asymmetric information environment. In this paper, quality investment decision problem is studied under moral hazard. A basic model for quality investment level decision is developed with the supplier as a principal and the buyer as an agent. And then we regard the supplier and the buyer's rational limitations to set up a model when the buyer's quality evaluation and processing activities are hidden. The model is optimized and the results under different backgrounds are discussed and compared. Results show that the buyer's quality evaluation level and processing level are mostly influenced by the supplier's quality assurance payment. Both the supplier and the buyer choose different quality investment levels under moral hazard because of the supplier's payment to the buyer in case of internal failure and external failure.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.555-570
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• 2011

In order to do morally right behavior that we cognitively know, prosocial moral motivation is necessary. Previous studies revealed emotion is important for prosocial moral motivation. This was supported by cognitive neuroscience studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) in which the activity of ventral striatum(VS) was observed when people made moral decision. VS was originally known as the core area of reward process but recently VS was found to respond also to social reward and even feeling of prosocial emotion itself. However it is not clear why VS was activated when people experience prosocial moral sentiments. The aims of this review article were to find situations in which people are prosocially and morally motivated and to understand more about the role of emotion as a moral motivator by examining evidence regarding the neural network, including VS, of prosocial moral motivation and moral decision-making.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.144-153
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• 2020

This study evaluated the moral sensitivity, self-assertiveness, ethical decision-making confidence and their correlations, and the factors that influence ethical decision-making confidence among nurses working in a long-term care hospital. Overall, 149 nurses working in a long-term care hospital in G Province were evaluated. The date was collected from November 30 2019 to December 18, 2019 and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. The mean of moral sensitivity among nurses was 4.94, the mean of self-assertiveness was 3.17 and the mean of ethical decision-making confidence was 3.49. The self-assertiveness will, according to the general characteristics, was significantly different according to experienced moral distress, and there was a significant difference in the degree of ethical decision-making confidence according to social positions and experience of ethical education. There were positive correlations between the ethical decision-making confidence and moral sensitivity (r=.382, p<.001) and self-assertiveness (r=.224, p<.01). Regression analysis revealed that the factors that significantly influenced ethical decision-making confidence were moral sensitivity, self-assertiveness and ethical education during nursing practice, which explained 25.0% of variance in ethical decision-making confidence. Therefore, to improve ethical decision-making confidence of nurses, programs should be developed that improve moral sensitivity and self-assertiveness by promoting ethical education.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.275-288
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• 2021

This study was attemted to grasp the factors affecting the clinical decision-making ability of nurse. Data were collected from 156 nurse working in hospital in G-do. Analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression with IBM SPSS WIN/25.0. The most influential factor on the subjects' clinical decision-making ability was nursing Research 'very interest', critical thinking tendency, 'master/doctor', clinical experience 'more than 20 years and 1 month', moral behavior, nursing research 'important', 'single', clinical work experience '5 years, 1 month-10 years', department work experience '3 years 1 month-5 years'. The explanatory power was 51.4%. It was significant in that it was confirmed that interest and importance, moral behavior, academic background, and career are variables that influence clinical decision-making ability. The results of this study can be utilized as basic data for the development of intervention plans and programs that can increase clinical decision-making ability in the context of an ethical dilemma. In addition, developing and verifying educational programs that can increase clinical decision-making abilities in ethical dilemmas is needed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.121-132
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• 2016

Emotion is considered to be involved in the moral decision-making process consisting of moral judgment, moral intention, and moral behavior. This research investigated the distinct role of two specific moral emotions, guilt and shame, when they are suppressed, on moral judgment, moral intention, and moral behavior through an online experiment. Moral emotion (guilt vs. shame) as well as suppression of these emotions (suppressing vs. control) was manipulated to infer the causality of moral emotions and the moral decision-making process when they are suppressed. The results suggest that suppressing guilt was involved in moral judgment and moral intention, but was not involved in moral behavior. In particular, participants who maintained guilt evaluated moral vignettes as more moral and perceived that they would follow the behavior described in the vignettes than those participants who suppressed their guilt. On the other hand, our data showed that suppressing shame was not involved in moral judgment and intention but was in behavior. Participants who maintained shame engaged in moral behavior more than participants who suppressed shame. We delineate the different mechanisms between guilt and shame on the moral decision-making process with the discrete emotion theory.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-96
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• 2015

Do cultural differences affect moral decisions? Two studies were conducted to investigate whether attitudes of individualism vs. collectivism have an impact on ethical decision making. Study 1 (N=92) showed that utilitarianism was preferred in a situation, in which an intervention resulted in the best outcome (i.e., saving more people's lives), while deontology was preferred in a situation, in which the focus was on negative consequences of the intervention (i.e. personal sacrifices). Additionally, there were differences between the idiocentrics and the allocentrics groups regarding morality aspects. In the idiocentrics group, harm and fairness were regarded as more important than other moral aspects, while in the allocentrics group, not only harm and fairness, but also ingroup and authority were perceived as critical moral aspects. In Study 2 (N=30), after lexical decision tasks were conducted for culture priming, the mouse tracking method was used to explore response dynamics of moral decision processes, while judging appropriateness of interventions in moral dilemmas. In Study 2, in a condition, in which the small number of victims were focused upon, there were more maximal deviations and higher X_flips in the individualism priming group than in the collectivism priming group, which showed that the participants in the individualism condition had more deliberative processes before choosing their answers between utilitarianism and deontology. In addition, the participants in the individualism priming condition showed more maximal deviations in the mouse trajectories regarding ingroup related interventions in moral dilemmas than those in the collectivism priming condition. These results implicated the possibilities that the automatic emotional process and the controlled deliberative process in moral decision making might interact with cultural dispositions of the individuals and the focus of situations.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.71-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate North Korean child defectors and South Korean children's pro-social moral reasoning, pro-social decision-making, moral reasoning and moral judgement on violence. The participants were 82 North Korean child defectors and 186 South Korean children in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. All respondents answered self-report questionnaires including 6 stories of pro-social moral conflicts and 4 stories of moral conflicts on violence. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, repeated measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The major findings were as follows. First, North Korean child defectors showed a bigger difference between the level of pro-social moral reasoning in close relationship situations and that in distant relationship situations than South Korean children did. In the 11-13 year old group, North Korean child defectors showed lower level of pro-social moral reasoning than that of South Korean children. Second, children showed more helping responses in close relationship situations than in distant relationship situations. The 11-13 year old group Children also showed more helping responses than the 14-16 year old group did. Third, 11-13 year old South Korean children showed a higher level of moral reasoning on violence than the North Korean child defectors did. Finally, North Korean child defectors judged violence with a justifiable intention as being more wrong than South Korean children did.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

This paper aims to study whether the perspective of the character controlled by a player can affect the player on her moral decision. To this end we designed and developed Castaway, an interactive story using Unity3D game engine. The main story plot of Castaway is based on the trial 'R v Dudley and Stephens (also known as mignonette 1884) which occurred at 1884 in U.K. In Castaway, the player can choose either the accused or the victim, and then play the interactive story with the perspective of the chosen character. To investigate the relationship between the player's empathy to the player character and player's moral decision, we conducted a small-scale (n=10) pilot study. Results of the pilot study have shown that different perspectives can influence the player on her empathy to player character and her moral decision. In near future we plan to conduct a main study with more participants.