• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2016

Molecular imaging with the radiolabeled RGD peptides for ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ integrin has been an increasing interest for tumor diagnosis and the treatment monitoring. Recently, $^{64}Cu$-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]$_2$ was developed for quantification of ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ integrin and its biological properties was elucidated. To better understand the molecular process in vivo, we performed the kinetic analysis for the $^{64}Cu$-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]$_2$. After preparation of a radiotracer, dynamic PET images were obtained in the U87MG xenograft mice for 60 min (n = 6). Binding potential values were estimated from the 3-tissue compartment model, reference Logan and simplified reference tissue model. In the early time frame (0-20 min), the liver, kidney, intestine, urinary bladder and tumor were visualized but these uptakes were diminished as time went by. The tumors showed a good contrast at 40 min after administration. $^{64}Cu$-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]$_2$ showed the 2-fold uptake in the tumor compared with that in the muscle. The parametric maps for binding values also provide the higher tumor-to-background contrast than the static images. A binding value obtained from the 3-tissue compartment model was comparable to other modeling methods. From these results, we conclude that $^{64}Cu$-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]$_2$ may be a promising PET radiotracer for the evaluation of angiogenesis.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권sup1호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2008

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has a poor prognosis and a strong association with exposure to asbestos. Although there are not generally accepted guidelines for treatment of MPM, recent reports suggest that multi modality therapy combining chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery can improve the survival of patients with MPM. Therefore exact staging is required to decide the best treatment option. However, it is well known that there are many difficulties in determining precise preoperative stage, predicting prognosis, and monitoring response to therapy with conventional imaging modalities such as CT and MRI in MPM. Recently PET with $^{18}F-FDG$ comes into the spotlight as an important staging method. There is increasing evidence that PET is superior to other conventional imaging modalities in diagnosis and staging of MPM. Particularly PET/CT improves the diagnostic and staging accuracy over PET or CT alone in MPM because it provides anatomic imaging data as well as functional information. PET and PET/CT are also useful for monitoring response to therapy and SUV is reported as a prognostic factor in MPM.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2018

외래 과실파리에 대한 모니터링은 검역에 필수적이다. 과실파리 유인물질을 왁스 재질로 제형화하여 비교적 장기간 모니터링 할 수 있는 기술이 금지급 과실파리 모니터링에 유효하였다. 본 연구는 이 왁스 제형의 유용성을 확장시키기 위해 금지급 과실파리가 자생하고 있는 태국 현지에 적용하였다. 포획된 개체들을 분자 동정한 결과 기존에 유인력이 입증된 오리엔탈과실파리(Bactrocera dorsalis)와 오이과실파리(Zeugodacus cucurbitae)는 물론이고 Zeugodacus caudata의 검역 과실파리가 유인된다는 것을 밝혔다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2002

A method for the ratiometric pH sensing using LysoSensor DND-192 is presented in this paper. It works in the physiological pH range. It is based on the use of two fluorophores which differ significantly in their lifetimes. As the discrimination of their emissions is performed through two different frequencies, this method can allow significant overlap of the emission spectra. A simple long-pass filter, or a combination of long-and short-pass filters, was used instead of narrow-bandpass devices. Importantly, the measurements were carried out under strong ambient light. The method could be used in a wide variety of applications, such as intracellular measurements, microscopy, bioprocess monitoring, etc.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

In mammalian cells, aberrant transcripts harboring a premature termination codon (PTC) can be generated by abnormal or inefficient biogenesis of mRNAs or by somatic mutation. Truncated polypeptides synthesized from these aberrant transcripts could be toxic to normal cellular functions. However, mammalian cells have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for monitoring the quality of mRNAs. The faulty transcripts harboring PTC are subject to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), nonsense-mediated translational repression (NMTR), nonsense-associated alternative splicing (NAS), or nonsense-mediated transcriptional gene silencing (NMTGS). In this review, we briefly outline the molecular characteristics of each pathway and suggest mRNA quality control mechanisms as a means to regulate normal gene expression.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2009

Oil viscosity is one of the important parameters for machinery condition monitoring. Basically, it is expressed as kinematic viscosity measured by capillary flow and dynamic or absolute viscosity measured by rotary shear viscometry. Recently, acoustic wave techniques appear in the market, measuring viscosity as the product of dynamic viscosity and density. For Newtonian fluids, knowledge of density allows conversion from one viscosity parameter to the other at a specific shear rate and temperature. In this work, oil samples with different chain lengths of viscosity index (VI) improvers and concentrations were examined by different viscometric techniques. Results showed that acoustic viscosity measurements give misleading results for oil samples with high molecular weight VI improvers and at low temperatures ${\leq}40^{\circ}C$.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2021

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), including olfactory receptors, account for the largest group of genes in the human genome and occupy a very important position in signaling systems. Although olfactory receptors, which belong to the broader category of GPCRs, play an important role in monitoring the organism's surroundings, their actual three-dimensional structure has not yet been determined. Therefore, the specific details of the molecular interactions between the receptor and the ligand remain unclear. In this report, the interactions between human olfactory receptor 1A1 and its odorant molecules were simulated using computational methods, and we explored how the chemically simple odorant molecules activate the olfactory receptor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

Among rumen microbes, bacteria play important roles in the biological degradation of plant fiber due to their large biomass and high activity. To maximize the utilization of fiber components such as cellulose and hemicellulose by ruminant animals, the ecology and functions of rumen bacteria should be understood in detail. Recent genome sequencing analyses of representative fibrolytic bacterial species revealed that the number and variety of enzymes for plant fiber digestion clearly differ between Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Therefore, the mechanism of plant fiber digestion is also thought to differ between these two species. Ecology of individual fibrolytic bacterial species has been investigated using pure cultures and electron microscopy. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques complement the disadvantages of conventional techniques and allow accurate evaluation of the ecology of specific bacteria in mixed culture, even in situ and in vivo. Molecular monitoring of fibrolytic bacterial species in the rumen indicated the predominance of F. succinogenes. Nutritive interactions between fibrolytic and non-fibrolytic bacteria are important in maintaining and promoting fibrolytic activity, mainly in terms of crossfeeding of metabolites. Recent 16S rDNA-based analyses suggest that presently recognized fibrolytic species such as F. succinogenes and two Ruminococcus species with fibrolytic activity may represent only a small proportion of the total fibrolytic population and that uncultured bacteria may be responsible for fiber digestion in the rumen. Therefore, characterization of these unidentified bacteria is important to fully understand the physiology and ecology of fiber digestion. To achieve this, a combination of conventional and modern techniques could be useful.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2007

Environmental and anthropogenic changes affect the health and stability of marine ecosystem. In this study we aimed to identify molecular biomarkers for ecotoxicological pollutants risk assessment in the rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). We designed primers based on conserved sequences by multiple alignments of target genes from related species, and cloned the partial cDNAs of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), metallothionein (MT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ubiquitin (UB), vitellogenin (VTG) and $\beta$-actin by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from S. schlegeli. Northern blot results indicated that these six genes expressions were significantly induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 1 ${\mu}M$) and that the level of each of their transcripts increased in BaP-exposed rockfish in a time-dependent manner. This study suggests that transcriptional changes in these six genes may be used for monitoring environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2002

Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence imaging was used to investigate the effectiveness of in vivo incorporation methods for two chemicals, 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and methyl viologen (MV) in rice, a monocot, and cucumber, a dicot, leaves. four different methods (vacuum infiltration, floating, transpiration-aided incorporation through petiole and spraying) were compared, and $F_i$ and $F_v$/$F_m$ were chosen for the imaging of the DCMU- and MV-treated leaves, respectively. The effects of the chemicals in plants were generally heterogeneous over the whole leaf area. Moreover, the effectiveness of the treatment of a chemical in plant leaves was dependent on chemical species, plant species, concentration of the chemical, the treatment method, the duration of the treatment, the existence of light and detergent, etc. In conclusion, we suggest that to achieve the proposed effects of chemicals in plants for an actual experiment, these factors must be considered before the chemical treatment, and the best method for the treatment of the chemicals tested was floating and vacuum infiltration in the dicot and the monocot leaves, respectively, as drawn from Chl fluorescence imaging analysis.