• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.961-976
• /
• 2019

Let R be any commutative ring and S be any multiplicative closed set. We introduce an S-version of $\mathcal{F}$-Mittag-Leffler modules, called $\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{S}}$-Mittag-Leffler modules, and define the projective dimension with respect to these modules. We give some characterizations of $\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{S}}$-Mittag-Leffler modules, investigate the relationships between $\mathcal{F}$-Mittag-Leffler modules and $\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{S}}$-Mittag-Leffler modules, and use these relations to describe noetherian rings and coherent rings, such as R is noetherian if and only if $R_S$ is noetherian and every $\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{S}}$-Mittag-Leffler module is $\mathcal{F}$-Mittag-Leffler. Besides, we also investigate the $\mathcal{M}^{\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{S}}$-global dimension of R, and prove that $R_S$ is noetherian if and only if its $\mathcal{M}^{\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{S}}$-global dimension is zero; $R_S$ is coherent if and only if its $\mathcal{M}^{\mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{S}}$-global dimension is at most one.

• 웰빙융합연구
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to clarify features of motor module during walking in exercise experts who experienced lately repeated training for sports skill. To identify motor modules, autoencoder machine learning algorithm was used, and modules were extracted from muscle activities of lower extremities. Research design, data and methodology: A total of 10 university students were participated. 5 students did not experience any sports training before, and 5 students did experience sports training more than 5 years. Eight muscle activities of dominant lower extremity were measured. After modules were extracted by autoencoder, the numbers of modules and spatial muscle weight values were compared between two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the minimal number of motor modules that explain more than 90% of original data between groups. However, in similarity analysis, three motor modules were shown high similarity (r>0.8) while one module was shown low similarity (r<0.5). Conclusions: This study found not only common motor modules between exercise novice and expert during walking, but also found that a specific motor module, which would be associated with high motor control ability to distinguish the level of motor performance in the field of sports.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2017

The types of installation of the photovoltaic system applied to domestic residential buildings are classified as follows: Mounted modules with air circulation, semi-integrated modules with air duct behind, integrated modules with fully insulated back. In order to study generation characteristics of PV system, we verified the validity of interpretation program based on long-term measurement data of demonstration house installed in BAPV form and also analyzed the generation characteristics and performance of each installation type. The results are as follows. First, the RMSE of amount of generation and simulation according to annual daily insolation of demonstration system located in Daejeon was 0.98kWh and the range of relative error of monthly power generation was -5.8 to 3.1. Second, the average annual PR of mounted modules was 82%, semi-integrated modules 76.1% and integrated modules 71.9%. This differences were attributed to temperature loss. Third, the range of operating temperature of annual hourly photovoltaic modules was -6.5 to $61.0^{\circ}C$ for mounted modules, $-6.0{\sim}73.9^{\circ}C$ for semi-integrated modules and -5.5 to $88.9^{\circ}C$ for integrated modules. The temperature loss of each installation type was -14.0 to 16.1%, -13.8 to 21.9%, and -13.6 to 28.5%, respectively.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2008

In this study, we developed elementary science education modules for facilitating students' understanding of the connected nature of Science-Technology-Society. For these modules, we particularly used news articles to make connections among science, technology, and society. We set up the development criteria as followings: connecting science-technology-society, aligning with national science curriculum, respecting students' interest, and appropriating the difficulty levels in terms and concepts. We also studied 4th grade students' perception of using these modules in science lessons. Most students perceived that using the modules in their science classes helped them link science-technology-society intimately and enhance their interest and motivation, as well as their self-esteem for studying science.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.697-703
• /
• 2011

This article describes a snake robot with 2-DOF actuator modules. The 2-DOF actuator modules make the snake robot move in the 3D space so that the snake robot can cross obstacles and rough terrain. Each 2-DOF actuator module is designed to have high torque output and an embedded controller. A cross bracket connecting the modules is designed be able to support the weight of two actuator modules. The developed snake robot shows 3-D motions such as side winding, standing/monitoring, and can climb in a narrow pipe with high torque modules. The snake robot moves fast with passive wheels in a plane while crossing obstacles.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2016

The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities(IALA) model course recommends specific aspects of basic curriculums for Vessel Traffic Services(VTS) operator education such as modules, course hours, contents, etc. Most domestic training programs for newly appointed VTS operators comply with such recommendations. The objective of this study is to determine whether such modules for VTS operator training recommended by the current IALA model course correspond to the actual opinions of VTS operators who are currently working in the field. To this end, the relative importance of basic modules for vessel traffic services operator training was analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method. A questionnaire was designed to include 8 modules recommended by the IALA model course, and the survey results of 52 individuals working at 5 VTS centers were analyzed. The result showed that, unlike the assumption by the IALA, domestic VTS operators viewed Nautical Knowledge as the most important modules, followed by Emergency Situations, Traffic Management, Language, Equipment, VHF Radio, Communication Co-ordination, and Personal Attributes, in that order.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.549-556
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we characterize w-Noetherian modules in terms of polynomial modules and w-Nagata modules. Then it is shown that for a finite type w-module M, every w-epimorphism of M onto itself is an isomorphism. We also define and study the concepts of w-Artinian modules and w-simple modules. By using these concepts, it is shown that for a w-Artinian module M, every w-monomorphism of M onto itself is an isomorphism and that for a w-simple module M, $End_RM$ is a division ring.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.1197-1214
• /
• 2012

The classes of $G_C$ homological modules over commutative ring, where C is a semidualizing module, extend Holm and J${\varnothing}$gensen's notions of C-Gorenstein homological modules to the non-Noetherian setting and generalize the classical classes of homological modules and the classes of Gorenstein homological modules within this setting. On the other hand, transfer of homological properties along ring homomorphisms is already a classical field of study. Motivated by the ideas mentioned above, in this article we will investigate the transfer properties of C and $G_C$ homological dimension.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 1999

An internet and network based software and related interface have been developed, which can remotely control and manage an on-site operating system. Developed software modules were composed of two parts: monitoring/management modules and control/diagnosis modules were developed for the network status, warehouse, production and selling status. Modules of control with diagnosis were developed for the on-site operating system and interface. Each module was integrated and the whole modules have been tested with an automatic mushroom grading/sorting system which was built in a laboratory. Developed software modules worked successfully without any uncommon situations such as system down caused by the software or data transfer error. Each software module was developed independently in order to apply easily to other existing on-site systems such as rice processing centers, fruit and vegetable sorting, packaging and distribution centers scattered over the country.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.503-514
• /
• 2012

The concepts of t-extending and t-Baer for modules are generalized to those of FI-t-extending and FI-t-Baer respectively. These are also generalizations of FI-extending and nonsingular quasi-Baer properties respectively and they are inherited by direct summands. We shall establish a close connection between the properties of FI-t-extending and FI-t-Baer, and give a characterization of FI-t-extending modules relative to an annihilator condition.