• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.1049-1055
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 전라북도 지역에 거주하는 68명의 당뇨환자들을 대상으로 잡곡밥 섭취 실태를 조사하였고 이를 바탕으로 관능성을 개선하기 위하여 잡곡의 혼합비를 달리한 잡곡밥을 대상으로 관능검사를 실시하였다. 조사대상자의 BMI를 측정한 결과 전체 대상자 중 61.7%가 과체중 이상이었다. 잡곡밥 섭취실태를 조사한 결과 94.1%가 잡곡밥을 섭취하였고, 성별에 따른 섭취율은 여성이 남성에 비해 더 자주 섭취하였으며(p<0.05), 섭취이유에 대해서 알아본 결과 남녀 모두 건강에 좋아서 섭취한다고 응답한 대상자가 가장 많았다. 잡곡밥에 혼합하는 잡곡의 수는 여성이 남성에 비하여 더 많은 잡곡을 혼합하였으며(p<0.01), 지속적인 섭취 여부를 알아본 결과 '지속적으로 먹겠다'라고 응답한 여성이(47.1%) 남성(36.8%)보다 많았다(p<0.05). 잡곡밥 섭취 기간은 3년 이상 섭취 59%, 잡곡의 구입 장소는 집주변 소형마트 46.0%로 가장 많았으며, 흰밥에 가장 많이 혼합하는 잡곡은 검정콩(76.5%)으로 조사되었다. 멥쌀을 제외하고 보리, 현미 등 6가지 잡곡의 혼합비율을 50%로 만든 RMGD-50과 40%로 만든 RMGD-40의 비교 관능검사 결과 겉모양과 색깔에 있어 잡곡의 함량이 많은 RMGD-50이 상대적으로 잡곡의 함량이 적은 RMGD-40보다 낮은 점수를 받았으며($3.33{\pm}0.68$, $3.50{\pm}0.81$), 당뇨환자들은 잡곡의 혼합비율이 보다 낮은 잡곡밥을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. RMGD-40과 찰성 곡물 함량이 많은 Control 1, 백미인 Control 2를 비교 평가한 결과 Control 1에 비해 RMGD-40은 겉모양, 냄새, 색깔에서는 낮은 점수를 받았으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 잡곡밥에 익숙한 입맛을 가진 당뇨환자들에게 백미는 질기, 씹힘성, 맛 항목에서 가장 낮은 점수를 보였으며($3.26{\pm}0.82$, $3.48{\pm}0.85$, $3.19{\pm}0.70$), 이는 RMGD-40 및 Control 1과 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.01). 결론적으로 당뇨환자들은 잡곡의 비율이 보다 낮고 찰성 곡물의 함량이 많은 잡곡밥을 선호하였다. 따라서 바람직한 혈당 관리를 위하여 당뇨환자들에게 곡류의 섭취에 대한 교육이 반드시 필요하며 당뇨환자들을 위하여 혈당관리에 도움이 되는 잡곡밥의 개발에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.653-667
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• 2018

This study evaluated the quality characteristics, the presence of polyphenolic compounds, and radical scavenging activity of rice cooked along with various mixed grains (barley, black soybean, adzuki beans, foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum, glutinous rice) by following two different cooking methods (normal and pressure cooker). The amylogram and water characteristics of mixed grains showed significant differences based on the presence of different types of mixed grains. The chromaticity, palatability characteristics, presence of phenol compounds, and radical scavenging activity of rice cooked along with different mixed grains showed significant differences according to the nature of mixed grains. Total polyphenol contents of before cooking, cooked-rice added to mixed grains cooked in the normal cooker and a pressure cooker were 4.46~5.16, 0.58~0.93 and 0.65~0.96 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoid contents were 250.74~548.89, 129.26~207.04 and $127.41{\sim}218.15{\mu}g\;CE/g$, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of before cooking, cooked-rice added to mixed grains cooked in the normal cooker and a pressure cooker was 79.25~181.61, 22.07~53.64 and 7.51~39.97 mg TE/100 g, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 203.25~328.24, 47.28~84.94 and 58.27~99.51 mg TE/100 g, respectively. Accordingly, it is necessary to different combinations of mixed grains according to the cooking method at home and grain industry.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.635-642
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of antioxidant activities in some traditional and a few super food mixed rice. Amongst nine chosen samples, traditional five grains were analyzed and results revealed highest content of crude-protein ($8.05{\pm}1.11%$) and lowest crude-fat content ($1.74{\pm}0.29%$); however, the calories was found to be relatively low ($358.05{\pm}0.34kcal$) in the samples. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were extracted from nine samples with 80% methanol and biochemical activity was measured. The content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and total tannin was $206.5{\sim}452.0{\mu}g/mL$, $0.126{\sim}0.340{\mu}g/mL$, and $548.1{\sim}774.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The traditional five grains showed the highest values except for DPPH radical scavenging activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 5 to 40.3% higher in eight samples than the traditional five grains sample. From these results, it is conjectured that a mixture of five grains, might exhibit equal or considerably higher effect as healthy diet when compared to super food. The results from this study would serve as basic data for the use of traditional mixed grains rice diet for good health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.517-522
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• 1994

Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the fermentation process and subsequent nutritional quality of silage made from dried and fresh barley straw with and without the addition of wet brewers' grains. The treatments were: 1 kg of dried straw with 600 g of water but no wet brewers' grains (I - 0) as a control, and the same straw mixed with 2 kg (I - 2), 3 kg (I - 3), 4 kg (I - 4), or 5 kg (I - 5) of wet brewers' grains as treatments in Experiment I; and 2 kg of fresh straw without wet brewers' grains (II - 0) as a control, and the same fresh straw mixed with 2 kg (II - 1), 4 kg (II - 2), 6 kg (II - 3), or 8 kg (II - 4) of wet brewers' grains as treatments in Experiment II. Each material prepared was ensiled in 5 L (vinyl) bag silos, and the silos placed in a chamber of $21^{\circ}C$ for 10 (Exp. I) or 7 (Exp. II) months. The fermentation quality and nutritive value of the barley straw silages produced were markedly improved by mixing them with wet brewers' grains. Increasing levels of wet brewers' grains caused on increase in fermentation quality. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of silages was also increased by adding wet brewers' grains. Two semi scale pilot silages, experiment III, prepared from dried and fresh barley straw mixed with wet brewers' grains were fed to wether sheep. These silages, which contained 50% barley straw and 50% wet brewers' grains by dry weight, were moderate apparent digestibility and supplied of about 50% TDN and DCP.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2009

In this study, we examined whether the glycemic index (GI) values of boiled white rice (GI=86) and boiled white rice mixed with grains (GI=58) could influence the total energy intake and satiety rate of a rice-based diet. Thirty adult females participated in this study, in which they ate boiled white rice, or boiled white rice mixed with grains, along with side dishes for lunch, and then ate the same white rice diet for dinner in the lab once a week for 2 weeks. There was no significant difference in the visual analogue scales for taste between the two diets. Although there were no differences between the subjects' energy intakes for side dishes, the total energy consumed from the boiled white rice mixed with grains diet (520.5 kcal) was significantly (p<0.001) lower than that consumed from the boiled white rice diet (560.2 kcal). For dinner, the subjects consumed significantly (p<0.001) lower calories when they had eaten the boiled white rice mixed with grains diet for lunch as compared to the boiled white rice diet. In addition, the subjects reported significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001) higher satiety rates after consuming the boiled white rice mixed with grains diet compared to the boiled white rice diet, despite consuming lower calories. In conclusion, these results indicate that consuming low GI rice such as boiled white rice mixed with grains substituted for boiled white rice, may be a useful strategy for weight loss and weight management since individuals will consume less energy without experiencing a reduction in satiety.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2004

보리, 쑥, 다시마, 대두를 재료로 하고 Bacillus licheniformis Bl을 접종하여, 맛과 향이 향상된 청국장을 제조하였다. 본 혼합발효에서 단백질분해효소의 활성은 발효시작 하루만에 최대치에 이르렀으며, 발효시작 2일만에 pH는 8.4까지 증가하였다. 당과 아미노산에 의해 생성되는 갈변물질은 초기에 비해 20배 이상 증가하였다. 이상으로 대두에 보리, 쑥, 다시마를 혼합하여도 청국장 제조가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. Ethanol과 methanol에 녹인 혼합 발효분말의 농도를 각각 0.2에서 1%(w/v)로 증가시킬수록 농도의존적으로 항산화도는 증가하였다. 항산화도는 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)를 이용하여 결정하였다. Methanol에 1%의 분말청국장을 녹였을 때 항산화도가 가장 높았다. 고혈압군이 본 혼합 발효분말 20 g을 복용했을 때 수축기 혈압이 2시간 지나 10 mmHg 떨어지는 강하효과가 있었다. 또한 맛과 향의 선호도면에서 보리, 쑥, 다시마가 포함된 혼합 발효분말이 발효대두보다 t검정으로 유의적으로 높음을 보였다. 혼합 발효분말은 앞으로 혈압강하용 기능성 청국장으로 개발될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2013

In this study, intermediate-mixed powders were prepared by loading zirconia powders initially in a ball-mill jar and loading alumina powders afterward; the initial-mixed powders were produced by loading zirconia and alumina powders together in the ball-mill jar. The effect of such differences in mixing method on the mechanical properties was investigated. In intermediate-mixed powders, the volume fraction of large particles slightly increased and, simultaneously, zirconia particles formed agglomerates that, due to early ball-mill loading of the zirconia powders only, were more dispersed than were the initial-mixed powders. For the intermediate-mixed powders, zirconia agglomerates were destroyed more quickly than were initial-mixed powders, so the number of dispersed zirconia particles rose and the inhibitory effect of densification due to the addition of a second phase was more obvious. In the microstructure of intermediate-mixed powders, zirconia grains were homogeneously dispersed and grain growth by coalescence was found to occur with increasing sintering temperature. For the initial-mixed powders, large zirconia grains formed by localized early-densification on the inside contacts of some zirconia agglomerates were observed in the early stages of sintering. The intermediate-mixed powders had slightly lower hardness values as a whole but higher fracture toughness compared to that of the initial-mixed powders.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.352-360
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 국내 시중에서 유통되는 있는 혼합잡곡 제품을 첨가하여 취반 후 품질특성과 페놀성분 함량, radical 소거활성을 검정하여 추후 소비자의 수요와 용도별 잡곡 혼합비율 설정을 위한기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 시중 유통 혼합잡곡 제품 첨가 취반 밥의 명도는 백미에 비해 감소하였으며, 적색도와 황색도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 경도와 탄력은 압력밥솥에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, 부착성과 찰기는 일반밥솥과 압력밥솥에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혼합잡곡 첨가에 따라 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 시중유통 혼합잡곡 첨가 취반 밥 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 일반밥솥과 압력밥솥에서 각각 $16.50{\pm}3.86$ 및 $15.88{\pm}3.52mg$ GAE/100 g이었고 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $1.58{\pm}0.00$ 및 $1.55{\pm}0.02mg$ CE/100 g이었다. 일반밥솥과 압력밥솥으로 취반한 혼합잡곡 첨가 취반 밥 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거활성은 각각 $9.27{\pm}2.62$ 및 $8.72{\pm}2.41mg$ TE/100 g으로 일반밥솥으로 취반한 경우가 유의적으로 약간 높았다. ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 $22.89{\pm}4.60$ 및 $23.07{\pm}4.49mg$ TE/100 g으로 압력밥솥으로 취반한 경우가 약간 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 현미, 유색미, 보리, 콩, 수수 등의 잡곡 함유율이 높을수록 제품의 페놀 성분 함량과 radical 소거활성이 높게 나타났다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

The main sources of interstellar dust are believed to be dust envelopes around AGB stars. The outflowing envelopes around the long period pulsating variables are very suitable place for massive dust formation. Oxygen-rich silicate dust grains or carbon-rich dust grains form in the envelopes around AGB stars depending on the chemical composition of the stellar surface. The dust grains expelled from AGB stars get mixed up and go through some physical and chemical changes in interstellar medium. There are similarities and differences between interstellar dust and dust grains in AGB stars. The mass cycle in the Galaxy may be best manifested by the fact that the dust grains at various regions have many similarities and understandable differences.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.638-647
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• 2020

This study determined the substitution effects of rice for corn as the main grain source in a total mixed ration (TMR). In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbes were assessed using two experimental diets. Diets included 33% dry matter (DM) of either corn (Corn TMR) or rice grains (Rice TMR). In a 48-h in vitro incubation, DM digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber degradability (IVNDFD), crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) were estimated. Gas production has been calculated at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Our results indicate that the gas production, VFAs, IVDMD, and IVNDFD of Rice TMR were higher than those of Corn TMR (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH and total fungi were significantly higher in Corn TMR (p < 0.05) than in Rice TMR; however, NH₃-N and IVCPD were not affected by treatment type. In conclusion, substituting rice for corn at 33% DM in TMR appears to have no negative effects on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Therefore, rice grains are an appropriate alternative energy source in early fattening stage diets of beef cattle.