• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1997

Throughout this paper, all rings are assumed to be commutative with identity. By a local ring (R,m), we mean a Noetherian ring R which has a unique maximal ideal m. Let I be an ideal in a ring R and t an indeterminate over R.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.436-441
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• 2008

One of important factors in designing array-type MEMS resonators is obtaining a desired frequency response function (FRF) within a specific range. In this paper Krylov subspace-based model order reduction using moment-matching with non-zero expansion points is represented to calculate the FRF of array-type resonators. By matching moments at a frequency around a specific range of the array-type resonators, required FRFs can be efficiently calculated with significantly reduced systems regardless of their operating frequencies. In addition, because of the characteristics of moment-matching method, a minimal order of reduced system with a specified accuracy can be determined through an error indicator using successive reduced models, which is very useful to automate the order reduction process and FRF calculation for structural optimization iterations.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.269-273
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• 2022

Naso-orbito-ethmoidal (NOE) fractures are complicated fractures of the mid-face. The treatment of NOE fractures is challenging and a comprehensive treatment strategy is required. We introduce a case of NOE fracture treated with open reduction and suspension sutures. A 28-year-old woman presented with a unilateral NOE fracture. To reduce the frontal process of the maxilla, a suspension suture was made by pulling the fragment using a double arm suture via a transcaruncular incision. The suture thread was placed in the horizontal plane. Another suspension suture on the inferior orbital rim assisted reduction procedure, and they passed through the overlying skin. The reduction alignment could be finely adjusted by tightening the transcutaneous suture threads while checking the degree of bone alignment through the subciliary incision. The two suture threads were suspended using a thermoplastic nasal splint. An additional skin incision on the medial canthal area, which would have resulted in a scar, could be avoided. Four months postoperatively, computed tomography showed an accurate and stable reduction. The patient was satisfied with her aesthetic appearance, and functional deficits were not present.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.21 no.5 s.168
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• pp.395-402
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to apply the etched metal ceramometal retainer using a composite resin and acid-etch procedure with minimal tooth reduction of abutments for the replacement of one missing anterior or posterior tooth. Author obtained the following conclusions. 1. conservation of tooth structure and minimal chair time and patient expense were the primary advantages of etched metal retainer. 2. This fixed partial denture permitted good esthetic results. 3. This retainer was successfully applied for the replacement of one missing anterior or posterior tooth. 4. Proper retainer etching ws an important procedure. 5. Etched castings could be applied to periodontal splinting and post orthodontic fixation.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.121-124
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• 2001

This paper proposed resource allocation algorithm for the minimum switching activity of functional unit in high level synthesis process as like DSP which is circuit to give many functional unit. The resource allocation method after scheduling use the power function calculating average hamming distance and switching activity of the between two input. First of all, the switching activity is calculated by the input value after calculating the average hamming distance between operation. In this paper, the proposed method though high If level simulation find switching activity in circuit each functional unit exchange for binary sequence length and value bit are logic one value. To use the switching activity find the allocation with minimal power consumption, the proposed method visits all control steps one by one and determines the allocation with minimal power consumption at each control step. As the existing method, the execution time can be fast according to use the number of operator and max control step. And it is the reduction effect from 6% to 8%.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2013

Open reduction and internal fixation is currently considered as a gold standard of treatment in most of the intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Among various different approaches, extensile lateral approach is the most popular since it provides good exposure to the subtalar joint. However, wide skin incision followed by extensive soft tissue dissection leading to increased risk of wound breakdown is the most serious drawback. Sinus tarsi approach, a minimal invasive technique to approach the subtalar joint and reduce the intra-articular calcaneal fractures, provides good clinical outcome and less wound complications compared to the extensile lateral approach. This article introduces the surgical technique and review of the literature regarding the sinus tarsi approach.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2013

This paper deals with the Bayesian analysis of the failure data of a repairable mechanical system subject to minimal repairs and periodic overhauls. The effect of overhauls on the reliability of the system is modeled by a proportional age reduction model and the failure process between two successive overhauls is assumed to be 2-parameter Engelhardt-Bain process (2-EBP). Power Law Process (PLP) model has a disadvantage which 2-EBP can overcome. On the basis of the observed data and of a number of suitable prior densities, point and interval estimation of model parameters, as well as quantities of relevant interest are found. Also hypothesis tests on the effectiveness of performed overhauls have been developed using Bayes factor. Sensitivity analysis of improvement parameter is carried out. Finally, a numerical application is used to illustrate the proposed method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.106-114
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• 1998

Cogging torque is often a principal source of vibration and control difficulty in permanent magnet motors, especially at low speeds and loads. For example, reduction of cogging torque is an important specification for DC motors used for electric power stee- ring. This paper examines two motor design techniques, stator tooth notching and rotor pole skewing with magnet pole shaping, for reduction of cogging torque, and the effect of each method on the airgap flux, and the use of the Maxwell stress method and Fourier decomposition to calculate the periodic cogging torque. The analyses show that the cogging torque can be nearly eliminated by the suggested designs, with minimal scacrifice of output torque.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2010

Test scenarios can be derived based on some system models for requirements validation purposes. Model-based test suite reduction aims to provide a smaller set of test scenarios which can preserve the original test coverage with respect to some testing criteria. We are proposing to apply Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in analyzing the association between a set of test scenarios and a set of transitions specified in a state machine model. By utilizing the properties of concept lattice, we are able to determine incrementally a minimal set of test scenarios with adequate test coverage.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.283-288
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• 1990

As one of the main purpose of the physical management of cleft palate is to provide for the anatomic and physiologic requisites for speech, the speech must be as one of the criteria for determining when physical management has been achieved. But there is no objective methods to evaluate the speech of cleft palate patients. The authors tried to analyze the speech of adult cleft palate patients using sound spectrog raphy and compared with normal adults. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In Vowels, cleft palate patients of both sexes showed reduction of frequency of the first and second formant as compared to normal. There was minimal difference in front vowels (i, e, ae) 2. In consonants, cleft palate patients showed reduction of frequency of the first formant in both sexes but reduction of frequency of the second formant was noticed only in fe- male patients. 3. There was no statistical difference in sound spectrograph between plosive, fricative, africative, nasal, and glide consonants.