• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 1994

Concidering environmental education as an ultimate resolution for environmental problems, we conducted a study focusing on affective matters. An instrument was developed to evaluate attitudes of elementary and middle school students toward environmental problems. To develop a reliable Likert-type evaluation instrument scale with which emotional intensity could be judged, mean, standard deviation, response frequency distribution, discrimination index, reliability were calculated. As a result, 21 statements for recognition level and 14 statements for behavioral level were made(The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the instrument was .786). This instrument was used to evaluate 5th and 6th grade elementary school students and 1st and 2nd grade middle school students(total number of subjects was 980). The result of this survey can be summarized as follows. 1. Students recognized the seriousness of environmental problems but they did not behave in such a manner as to prevent it. 2. As a result of t-test, behavioral level score of elemenatary school students was significantly higher than that of middle school students(p<.001). 3. This study showed that there was a significant correlation between the recognition level score and the behavioral level score(r=.386, p<.001). 4. Two-Way ANOVA was used to analyze that there was any significant difference according to grade and sex. The results were as follows. (1) No significant difference was found in total score. (2) On recognition level, female students' score was signigicantly higher than that of male students(p<.01). (3) On behavioral level, higher-grade students' score was lower than that of lower-grade-students (p<.001).

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.483-500
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• 2019

This study compared and analyzed the van Hiele levels of geometry contents in middle school mathematics textbooks and those of students' thinking. As the mathematics curriculum was revised recently, the amount of contents in the geometry area were reduced, but the van Hiele level did not change much, and the gap between the van Hiele level of geometric contents presented in the textbooks and the level of students' geometric thinking still remained unchaged. The van Hiele levels of the geometric contents in the textbooks were distributed in the levels of 1, 2, 3 in the first grade, and 2, 3, 4 in the second and third grade. In the case of the first grade, 69% of the students were less than or equal to level 2, and 73.7% and 47.6% of the students in the second and third grades were less than or equal to level 3, respectively. Especially, in the case of the second and third grade, the ratio of the 4th level of the contents presented in the textbook is higher than the problem, which can cause difficulties for the students.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.72-93
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data needed to establish a system of career education which can offer necessary information for middle school students to select vocational high schools suiting to their talent and aptitude. For this, the study formulated research questions: how middle school students in Gyeonggi-do could acquire information related with entering high school; their level of understanding about general high school and vocational high school and their level of information requirement; real state and effect (level of helping them choose future school) of assistance activity for career education as provided by vocational high schools. For the analysis, the study developed a questionnaire and conducted survey for 4,459 3rd graders from 627 middle schools at Gyeonggi-do. Findings were as follows. First, methods of middle school students getting information related with entering high school turned out in the order of internet search (42.0%), consultation with family and friends (25.5%), consultation with teachers (24.0%). While, their methods of getting information related with entering vocational high school turned out in the order of briefing session by vocational high schools (39.4%), field trip to vocational high schools (24.9%), consultation with teachers from vocational high schools (15.7%). Second, the level of understanding (five points full marks) of Gyeonggi-do middle school students about high school by the type they wished to enter, and the level of information requirement (five points full marks) turned out 3.65 and 3.67 respectively for students who wished to enter general high schools, with the difference being 0.02. On the other hand, the level of understanding and that of information requirement turned out 2.92 and 3.25 respectively with the difference being 0.33, for students who wished to enter vocational high schools. Third, looking at the real state of participation of Gyeonggi-do middle school students in assistance activities for career education provided by vocational high schools, 79.4% of all students were participating. Activity with high participation ratio out of these turned out to be in the order of PR and guide book (booklet, brochure, etc.) for vocational high schools at 90.3%, briefing session prepared by vocational high schools on visit at 87.8% and video of vocational high school PR and introduction at 85.9%. The level of how these activities helped middle school students choose their high school was 3.45, showing more effect by 0.13 on students wishing to enter vocational high schools compared to those wishing to enter general high schools.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 1999

Two (second-grade) classes of Yu-song middle school were chosen to research the effect of the visualization in the learning of probability calculation at a middle school. One class, as an experiment class, was taught the probability calculation of probability unit by the visualization learning and the other, as a controlled class, was taught it by the traditional lecture, and then through the writing tests there was a verification on the effect of right after test and the delaying test after 3 weeks to examine the learning effect of high- and low-level groups. It was difficult for the students to visualize the problems of the probability calculation, but I suggested simple models to the students and helped them to learn meaningfully. As a result of this study, there showed statistically significant difference in high-level group in the right after test.(P< .05) In the delaying test after 3 weeks, there also showed statistically significant marks only in high-level group.(P< .05) The visualization in the learning of probability calculation took more affirmative effect in the experiment class than the comparative class only in high-level group. The students in low-level group has difficulties in the visualization activities, but all the students in high-and low-level group thought the visualization was a great help to them in learning probability calculation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.330-338
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• 2014

This study investigated the relationships among hope, empathy and happiness of middle school students. The participants were 383 second year middle school students. The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson's Correlation Analysis and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis with SPSS WINDOWS 18.0. The results of this study were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in middle school students' happiness according to the level of hope and empathy. That is, the students who had high levels of hope and empathy had higher happiness than those with a low level of hope and empathy. (2) There were significant positive correlations among hope, empathy and happiness of middle school students. (3) Agency thinking, empathic concern, perspective-taking were significant variables in predicting the happiness of middle school students. The results of this study suggest the need to consider methods to increase a middle school students' hope and empathy, which are examples of an individual's positive inner variables, that enhance the middle school students' happiness.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.230-240
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• 2007

Purpose: To identify bullying tendencies among elementary, middle, and high school students. Method: A descriptive study was conducted with 911 participating students. Data were collected using three, self-administered questionnaires that had been modified by the investigator. The data were analyzed by the SPSS Win 10.0 program using descriptive statistics, ANOVA. Result: The level of bullying was significantly different among elementary school, middle school and high school students. Middle school students were higher than elementary and high school students. In subtypes of bullying, language type was higher than alienation and physical damage types in elementary, middle and high school students. The methods to resolve a bullying situation are for the victim to 'speak to parents' in elementary school students, but 'bear alone' in middle school and highschool students. The answer to the question 'how many of your friends have been the victim of bullying' was 3-8 friends'. The reason for being a bully victim was 'because they pretend to be a superior man'. Conclusion: Although much research has been conducted in this area, further study among elementary, middle and high school students needs to be conducted. Furthermore, a variety of programs for preventing bullying among elementary, middle and highschool students should be developed.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.566-575
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine how school soccer league influenced the school life satisfaction of middle school student in an attempt to help improve their school life and facilitate the universalization of school soccer league. The subjects were 103 students participating in school soccer league at a boy's middle school in Busan and 148 non-participants at the same school as a comparison group. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The students who participated in the school soccer league program expressed better satisfaction with school life than the other who didn't, and the gap between the two was statistically significant. 2. The students who participated in the school soccer league program, the students who showed higher participation frequency expressed better satisfaction with school life than the other who didn't, and the gap between the two was statistically significant. 3. The student who participated in the school soccer league program, the higher level students of soccer ability expressed better satisfaction with school life than the lower level student of that, and the gap between the two was statistically significant.

• School Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.215-237
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• 2006

In this study, we research distinctive features of geometry problem solving of middle school students whose mathematical achievement levels are distinguished by National Assessment of Educational Achievement. We classified 9 students into 3 groups according to their level : advanced level, proficient level, basic level. They solved an atypical geometry problem while all their problem solving stages were observed and then analyzed in aspect of development of geometrical concepts and access to the route of problem solving. As those analyses, we gave some suggestions of teaching on mathematics as students' achievement level.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1163-1174
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to investigate the eating of breakfast by female middle school students in Seoul, the perception of the school breakfast program (SBP), and determine the factors affecting the intention to participate in SBP. Out of 340 questionnaires distributed to the female middle school students, 334 were returned (98.2% response rate) and 323 were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into two groups by the intention to participate in SBP. Subjects were classified as participating and non participating groups. As a result of analyzing the breakfast intake frequency, 'hardly eat' showed the highest with 18.5% in the participating group and 10.3% in non participating group, while 'eat every day' showed 38.2% in the participating group, and the highest with 65.5% in non participating group (p<0.001). For the reason for skipping breakfast, 'no time' showed the highest with 30.0% in the participating group, 'over sleep' and 'no appetite' showed the highest with 24.8% in non participating group. For the reason for not participating in SBP, 'breakfast should be eaten at home' showed the highest with 47.2% in non participating group and 'may get up early in the morning' showed the highest with 46.2% in participating group (p<0.01). To determine the factors affecting the intention to participate in SBP, logistic regression analyses were conducted for female middle school students. According to the logistic regression analysis, father's education level was independently associated with the intention to participate in SBP in female middle school students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.03~5.52]. Frequency of eating breakfast on weekdays (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01~1.81), Level of need for school breakfast (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35~0.76) and whether to approve school breakfast (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.18~0.41) were independently associated with the intention to participate in SBP in female middle school students. In conclusion, proper educational efforts for importance of school breakfast could be useful plan to develop school breakfast program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.82-91
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to identify gender-based differences in factors related to smartphone overdependence among middle school students. Methods: The subjects of the study were middle school students who participated in the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2020). Frequency analysis, the Rao-Scott χ² test, and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS 27.0. Results: Identified risk factors were grade level, self-reported health, self-reported happiness, loneliness, smoking, drinking, poor sleep quality, physical activity, and generalized anxiety disorder, which were commonly found in all participants. Additionally, stress was found related only in boys, while the residential area and depression showed associations only in girls. In particular, the more severe was the level of generalized anxiety disorder, the higher was the risk ratio of the high-risk group, compared to the potential-risk group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, a customized strategy that considers gender differences should be developed in order to prevent smartphone overdependence in middle school students.