• 아동학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2006

This study examined relationships between children's perceptions of fathering practice and their sociality. The subjects were 569 grade 6 students and 511 grade 3 students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Major results showed (1) the effectiveness of quantity; that is, children's sociality increased with increase in fathering practice. (2) The coefficient of correlation between fathering practice and children's sociality was higher in middle childhood than in early adolescence. (3) Children's sociality was influenced by child variables and fathering practice variables, especially more by the variables of Fathering Practice. Among the variables of Fathering Practice Scales, the variable of "Education of children" is the most influential element for improving "Children's Sociality".

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess a Korean home environment for middle childhood children. The subjects were 283 mothers of 6- to 8-year-old children in Korea. The method for data analysis included Mean, SD, $x^2$, Cramer's V, factor analysis, Pearson correlations, and Cronbach's $\alpha$. As a result, 45 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item distribution and item discrimination(Cramer's discriminant coefficients ranged from .256-.615). Four factors with 21 items were extracted from the factor analysis. Subscales were 'academic stimulation(9)', 'acceptance(4)', 'child-centered environment(4)', 'basic care for daily routine(4)'. Analysis of the relation of this scale to SES, MC-HOME, and children's developmental functioning(cognitive, language, and social) showed acceptable concurrent validity. Internal consistency of this scale was high, including internal reliability of subscales. These results confirm this scale as a valid and reliable measure of the Korean home environment for middle childhood children.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Objective: The present study examined long-term effects of media use during early childhood on grit in middle childhood, focusing on the mediating role of attention problems. Methods: For statistical analysis, the 6th, 7th, and 11th data sets from the Panel Study on Korean Children were used. A total of 1,352 cases were finally selected. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis, and bootstrapping were conducted. Results: The results showed that the use of media for educational purposes in early childhood did not have a significant effect on attention problems and grit. However, when the media use time for play in early childhood was longer, levels of attention problems in early childhood were higher and levels of grit in middle childhood were lower. The mediating effect of attention problems on the relationship between media use time for play of young children and grit of middle childhood was significant. Conclusion/Implications: Findings of the present study suggest that the use of media for play during early childhood needs to be carefully monitored because it can have a negative effect on attention and grit development.

• Architectural research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2010

The main objective of this study is to investigate the perception, recognition and response of innovative/ self-initiated play and its correlation to play space and play environment understood by children in their middle childhood years. Play, play theory, and the acceptance of play have an important role in child development. In recent years, play and the importance of innovative/ self-initiated play have been associated with a number of important societal issues. The impact of play and/or lack of play during the developmental stages of childhood directly influence a child's ability to mature and adapt into society. In order to investigate the overall perceptions of play and play space among the average child in their middle childhood, a questionnaire survey was distributed and analyzed using SSPS 15.0. This survey was conducted within the site specific context of South Korea. Interestingly enough, the differences in the responses can be organized into three main categories: age, gender and housing type. In result different directions for further study and research for future play spaces and play environments that support innovated/ self-initiated play have been suggested.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.205-218
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• 2001

This study explored the conception of children as portrayed in a personal diary written the middle period of the Chosun Dynasty. The Yangalok is a daily record in which Moonkun Lee wrote how he brought up his grandson. The Yangalok is an important historical document, showing how people brought up their children and indicating their conception of childhood. Research questions included the definition of the period of childhood and a description of parent-child relationships. It was found that childhood was completed by age sixteen, the importance of the child as family member hinged on his position as an heir, and the parent-child relationship was defined by Chin(親), including qualities of both love and discipline.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2004

Objective : As today obese children have increased rapidly in Korea, the interest has been much increased. The childhood obesity causes not only physical problems but also psychosocial problems and it is more difficult than that of adult to treat. That's why we started to intervene actively. Methods : In the Oriental Medical Center, several children were treated for obesity with aroma massage, low frequency wave acupuncture therapy. auricular acupuncture therapy and behavior modification and 3 children over the middle level are mentioned in this study with good results. Results : 1) After treatments, they became taller$(1.1667{\pm}0.8505cm)$. 2) After treatments, they lost their weights$(1.6333{\pm}0.7768kg)$. 3) After treatments, their BMI and OI were reduced$(1.4667{\pm}0.5774kg/m^2,\;9.8{\pm}1.7776%)$. Conclusion : We report the good results of oriental medicine on three cases of obese children over the middle level. And the further study is needed with more cases, longer duration and other tools.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.191-206
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to explore social support in childhood and early adolescence. The research was based on the social convoy model(Kahn and Antonucci, 1980). The data were collected from questionnaires completed by 656 elementary school children(2nd and 5th grade) and the middle school children(2nd grade) in rural and urban area. The statistical methods adopted for data analyses were frequencies, mean, standard deviation, T-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe-test, Two-way ANOVA, and correlation coefficient. Children received more support from parents and friends in convoy function of social support. Convoy size of social support increased with age. Rural children had larger convoy size in the inner circle, and smaller convoy size in the middle circle than urban children did.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate depression of mothers with children in early childhood and to identify predictors by income level. Methods: The research was conducted with 1,761 data from the 3rd wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) data. Independent variables were socio-demographic data, self-esteem, normative life-events, non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict, social support. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: Significant factors of depression of female in low-income were non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict. In middle class, significant factors were education, birth order of children, self-esteem, normative and non-normative life events, parenting stress, marital conflict, sociable support. At last, we found that marital conflict was the biggest factor for depression of female in low-income and parenting stress was the most powerful predictor in middle class. Conclusions: Mother's depression has a enormous impacts on development of children in early childhood. Therefore It is required to prevent depression in mothers and it is important to intervene at the early stage of depression. Results of this study showed a different pattern of predictors by income level. Therefore, Intervention and services for a mother's depression should change the direction depending on the level of income.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.167-182
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• 2015

This study created a structural model of the influence of paternal and maternal meta-emotion philosophy and children's emotion regulation in terms of their social competence and confirmed the nature of the relationship among the variables. For the purpose of this study, data was collected, targeting 363 children in the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ elementary school grades from schools located in Seoul. The main results of this study were as follows: First, both paternal and maternal meta-emotion philosophy had an influence on children's emotion regulation and emotion dysregulation. Next, paternal and maternal meta-emotion philosophy did not appear to have a significant influence on children's social competence in a direct manner. The complete mediation effect of emotion regulation in regards to the influence of paternal and maternal meta-emotion philosophy upon children's social competence was confirmed. It was also found that parental meta-emotion philosophy had an influence upon children's social competence in an indirect manner through children's emotion regulation in the period of middle childhood.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyse and derive the color characteristics of childhood children's learning spaces and furniture for improving the color design of those and to present the direction of design and to build up the DB. The study covers products from domestic and overseas infant furniture manufacturers and 11 preschool learning rooms. The study method uses the collected furniture and spatial images to derive a palette of colors and compare color characteristics. The analysis results show that, the domestic infant furniture tend to use a variety of colors with pale tone or use consistent hard wood furniture according to the requirements of adult taste and marketability. Also, it attempts to create a very negative color scheme, but it looks like disorganized, and there is not much color design integrated with the architecture. Thus, color designs ensure that the ordering elements of the color scheme are clearly recognized by applying preferred color tones of childhood, like vivid and bright tone with high chroma and middle or hight Brightness value. Lastly, it should establish guidelines for specific palettes and color scheme, which can be utilized in the design of childhood children's learning spaces and furniture.