• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1998

Filter badge type sampler has not been widely used to evaluate air quality over large cities in Korea while it can be successfully used for multi-point sampling and analysis. We evaluated the passive sampler as a new tool to monitor air quality over large cities. We latticed Metropolitan Seoul into $2{\times}2Km$ to give 136 points. $NO_2$ concentrations were measured at all the points in the Spring and Summer of 1997. According to the passive sampler data, natural green zones generally recorded lower $NO_2$ concentrations than major streets and traffic congestion areas. Passive samplers with abundant 136 points gave more detailed picture of $NO_2$ distribution while auto-monitoring network did not clearly provide the characteristics of local land use. Also, passive samplers gave 15% higher values than auto-monitoring network. The correlation between the two values appears very high judging from the regression slope of 0.92 and correlation coefficient of 0.91. This study clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the passive sampler as a tool to monitor air quality over large cities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of urbanization, the degree of development in urban scale and the comparative analysis of landuse change in order to construct the important basic data for establishing development direction and characterizing each city. To analyze the urban growth patterns a land cover classification using Landsat TM data was performed : 1987 and 1997 for the change detection of each land cover. The results of this study demonstrates that urban areas increased on while forest areas had decreased all over the Korean cities. Especially, in case of the analysis on landuse conversion rate, we found out that the forest areas was first changed into agricultural areas, then it is consequently developed into urban areas in most rural areas. This study concludes that the insufficiency of the number of knowledged officials in the local administration and a government official in one's charge, tight financial conditions and absence of recognition of cities' characteristics, urban development following unrefined development patterns, inappropriate urban planning and policy of metropolitan cities and the negligence of peculiar development patterns of each city.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.430-438
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• 2020

Many local governments are reducing speed limits according to the "Safe Speed 5030" policy implemented by the government to reduce traffic accident deaths. In the urban road sections in many metropolitan cities where speed limit reduction is applied as a pilot project, the decrease effect of the traffic accident number and death count is shown; however, no study of the effect analysis on the road sections of medium and small cities (basic local government unit) is found. Therefore, this study investigated the travel speed, number of traffic accidents, and death count before and after the implementation of speed limit reduction, targeting some urban road sections in Pyeongtaek city and some provincial road sections in Icheon city among basic local governments, namely among medium and small cities in Seoul Metropolitan Area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.763-777
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• 2021

The spatial characteristics of typhoon-class strong wind during the non-typhoon period were analyzed using, a cluster analysis of the observational data and of special strong wind advisories and, warnings issued by the Korean Meteorological Administration. On the Korean Peninsula, strong winds during non-typhoon periods showed a wide variety of spatial characteristics. In particular, the cluster analysis showed that strong winds could be classified into six clusters on the Korean Peninsula, and that the spatial distribution, occurrence rate of strong winds, and strong wind speed in each cluster were complex and diverse. In addition, our analysis of the frequency of issuance of special strong wind warnings showed a significant difference in the average frequency of strong wind warnings issued in metropolitan cities, with relatively high numbers of warnings issued in Gyeongsangbuk-do and, Jeollanam-do, and low numbers of warning issued inland and in other metropolitan cities. As a result of the changing trend in warnings issued from 2004 to 2019, Ulsan and Busan can be interpreted as having a relatively high number of warnings; the frequency of strong wind warnings issuances and strong wind occurrences in these cities is increasing rapidly. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to identify areas with similar strong wind characteristics and consider specific regional standards in terms of disaster prevention.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.120-132
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• 2024

In this paper, we examine how the market potential affects wages in the regions of Korea. Following Fallah et al.(2011), we construct a panel data set spanning from 2013 to 2020. After removing the characteristics that do not vary by region, changes in average wages were analyzed using a fixed effects model. Controlling for such region-specific characteristics as human capital, industrial structure, and population, the impact of market potential on wages was analyzed by first examining the entire group of cities in Korea, followed by just metropolitan areas and then small cities only. The regional wages are seen to increase across the board when the market potential improves. It was also found that, when the market potential increases, the resulting wage hike of small cities tends to be greater than that of large metropolitan areas.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.930-939
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• 2007

This study intends to demonstrate that the population decrease in the City of Busan has been resulted from the move of the city's population towards suburbs as well as the out-migration towards the Seoul metropolitan area. To grasp the pattern in the spatial shift of the Busan's population, I analyze the change of population and households within the city and the migration at the inter-regional and intra-metropolitan scales. The major findings of the study are as follows: First, Busan has experienced population decline since 1995, as other large cities, such as Seoul and Daegu have done. Second, despite the population decrease, the number of households has been increased in Busan. Third, the residents of Busan have mostly moved not only to the Seoul metropolitan area but also to the suburban region of Busan. This finding may well contradict the long-standing belief that the continued decrease in the Busan population could be the result of the out-migration toward the Seoul metropolitan area. Fourth, the residential suburbanization in Busan can be interpreted as the extensive intra-metropolitan dispersion, which means the growth of the Busan metropolitan area.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.39-51
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• 2012

This study aims to find the association between community scales and perceived community family-friendliness among parents with young children. Communities were identified into three groups: metropolitan, small and medium-sized cities and rural, according to the degree of urbanization. The data were drawn from a sample of 1,038 parents who had at least one pre-school child. The data were analyzed by frequencies, means, GIS, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. This study compared the level of community family-friendliness both at the 'dong' and 'si' levels after controlling for the individual and household characteristics of the respondents. The findings of this study are as follows. First, after controlling for individual and household factors, the level of perceived community family-friendliness differed by the community scales. The parents in the small and medium-sized cities had higher scores on community family-friendliness than their counterparts in metropolitan communities. And parents in rural communities received had lower scores in community family-friendliness than those in metropolitan communities. The results also showed similar patterns for the 'dong' and 'si' models. While job and housing type were associated with the perceived family-friendliness of the community, other characteristics such as sex, age, educational level, monthly household income and home ownership were not.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2009

Various environmental problems due to the rapid industralization and urbanization have been worsened as much as to threaten the environmental restitution of globe and become a critical international issue. Korean government presented the green growth as a new state vision for 60 years afterwards and is making efforts to solve the environmental problems. Daegu metropolitan city has faced various environmental problems including overpopulation of cities, traffic pollution, household wastes and green zone problem because of urbanization for the last decades. As such urbanism continues, the quality of residential environment is rapidly deteriorating and the intensive use of land leads to increase of building area raising the temperature of cities. Therefore there have been demands for the healthy, pleasant and satisfying residential environment and the improvement of residential environment and such recognition rises from society in full measure. Nevertheless the current residential complex concentrates only on raising the efficiency of land use. Related laws in the past(Daegu Metropolitan City, Urban Planning Municipal Ordinance as of October 10, 2003) tried to prepare a standard to segmentalize the building-to-land ratio, floor area ratio and regulations of number of floors vertically, but currently it is abolished and the regulations are becoming eased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the floating wind before and after the vertical segmentation of residential areas(Daegu Metropolitan City, Urban Planning Municipal Ordinance as of October 10, 2003) by using KLAM_21, a model that enables analysing and predicting the flow and generation of clod wind, and to present a plan to improve the quality of residential areas afterwards when developing building lot and re-developing housing areas.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2016

This study investigates the employment and spatial mismatch as a significant acting factor of deepening urban poverty and analyses the placeness of regional labor market that the more efficient place-based labor market intervention needs to take into account. The change of unemployment rate as a regional labor market outcome in metropolitan cities is determined by the dynamic interaction between disequilibrium of labor supply and demand and employment mismatch according to various labor market conditions and its process is certainly differentiated across the metropolitan regional labor markets. In addition, it is analyzed that during the employment suburbanization the spatial mismatch puts differentiated impacts on different labor groups through human capital requirements and industry-selective job opportunities. As a result, because this whole process works with its unique process within individual regional labor markets, in order to link between urban poverty and employment mismatch and to promote problem-solving labor market intervention, we need to develop place-based policy based on the placeness of regional labor marekt.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.165-179
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the difference in the rurality of rural villages near a metropolitan city. It investigated the general status and economic activities of the two villages near Ulsan Metropolitan City to find out what the differences are and to diagnose the reasons for such differences and their impact on future changes in the villages. Through this survey analysis, it found that the two villages have been continuously experiencing a decrease in population over the last 10 years, despite being near large cities. In addition, it also identified the characteristics of the agricultural and livestock industries taking center stage in economic activities. In other words, although the cases are rural villages near a big city, it was shown that the village near a provincial city is basically based on agricultural characteristics. Regarding future prospects, on the one hand, in the case of Dagae-ri, the villagers expect that the current livestock industry-oriented activities may continue to develop. On the other hand, in the case of Shinhwa-ri, the residents think that the rural characteristics may be rapidly lost and urbanized. Based on these findings, this study suggests that rural policies for villages near large cities also need to be applied in a discriminatory manner, taking into account the basis on which economic activities in the villages are developed.