• 멤브레인
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-156
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• 1996

For ultra-pure water, the removal of various impirities is required, and the requirement level is rising year by year. To cope with this problem, various removing technologies and system technologies have been developed and the introduction of new materials for the piping, etc. to form the system have been positively made. For the element technologies to be used for ultra-pure water production, their range will be expanded from the technological and economic viewpoints. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to develop trace analysis evaluation technologies for ultra-pure water. Especially to raise the analytical level of heavy metals and organic substances is important. It is also important to establish individual analysis methods of organic substances. It is expected that the analytical methods will be established and new treating methods will be put to practical use in the near future.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.361-388
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• 2008

The Eurocode 4 presents some negative aspects in the design of composite slabs by the m-k Method or the Partial Connection Method. On one hand, the component chemical adherence is not accounted for in the connection between the profiled steel sheet and the concrete. On the other hand, the application of these methods requires some fitting parameters that must be determined by full scale tests. In this paper, the Eurocode 4 methods are compared with a method developed at the Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, based on pullout tests, which can be a valid alternative. Hence, in order to calculate the necessary parameters for the three methods, several tests have been performed such as the full scale test described in Eurocode 4 and pull-out tests. This last type of tests is of small dimensions and implicates lower costs. Finally, a full-scale test of a steel-concrete composite slab with a generic loading is presented, with the goal of verifying the analytical formulation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2015

A rapid and simple analytical method, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), was developed to detect myo-inositol (MI) in infant formulas. For protein removal: acid hydrolysis and lipid removal through organic solvent extraction. The operating conditions for instrumental analysis were determined based on previously reported analogous methods that used LC-MS/MS. Quantitative analysis was used for the detection limit test, infant formula recovery test, and standard reference material (SRM) 1849a to verify the validity of our LC-MS/MS analytical method, which was developed to quantify MI. For validation, the results of our method were compared with the results of quantitative analyses of certified values. The test results showed that the limit of detection was 0.05 mg/L, the limit of quantitation was 0.17 mg/L, and the method detection limit was 17 mg/kg. The recovery test exhibited a recovery between 98.07-98.43% and a relative standard deviation between 1.93-2.74%. Therefore, the result values were good. Additionally, SRM 1849a was measured to have an MI content of 401.84 mg/kg and recovery of 98.25%, which is comparable to the median certified value of 409 mg/kg. From the aforementioned results, we judged that the instrumental analysis conditions and preparation method used in this study were valid. The rapid analytical method developed herein could be implemented in many laboratories that seek to save time and labor.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to determine the dynamic characteristics of long reinforced concrete highway bridges with post-tension tendons using analytical and experimental methods. It is known that the deck length and height of bridges are affected the dynamic characteristics considerably. For this purpose, Berta Bridge constructed in deep valley, in Artvin, Turkey, is selected as an application. The Bridge has two piers with height of 109.245 m and 85.193 m, and the total length of deck is 340.0 m. Analytical and experimental studies are carried out on Berta Bridge which was built in accordance with the balanced cantilever method. Finite Element Method (FEM) and Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) which considers ambient vibration data were used in analytical and experimental studies, respectively. Finite element model of the bridge is created by using SAP2000 program to obtain analytical dynamic characteristics such as the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The ambient vibration tests are performed using Operational Modal Analysis under wind and human loads. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) and Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) methods are used to obtain experimental dynamic characteristics like natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. At the end of the study, analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and the finite element model of the bridge was updated considering the material properties and boundary conditions. It is emphasized that Operational Modal Analysis method based on the ambient vibrations can be used safely to determine the dynamic characteristics, to update the finite element models, and to monitor the structural health of long reinforced concrete highway bridges constructed with the balanced cantilever method.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.346-359
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• 2002

최근 새로운 환경오염물질로 부각되고 있는 미규제 오염물질 중 브롬화 난연제로 많이 사용되고 있는 PBDEs에 대한 환경시료 중의 분석법을 확립하기 위해 표준물질이 준비된 PBDEs 40종을 대상으로 전처리 회수율 및 검출한계를 산정하였으며, 이때 사용한 환경시료는 PBDE 및 TBBPA의 사용량이 많은 지역의 수질 및 토양시료를 대상으로 하였다. GC/MS을 이용한 PBDEs의 검출한계는 수질 시료가 5.0~10.0 pg/L로 나타났으며, 토양시료는 0.5~2.0 ng/g 이었다. 수질시료의 용매별 추출효율은 디에틸에테르를 제외한 단일용매의 경우에는 에틸아세테이트, n-헥산 및 디클로로메탄 등의 평균회수율이 89~98%로 나타났으며, 이들 용매의 20% 아세톤 혼합용매의 평균회수율이 89~103%로 나타내났다. 속실렛 추출법에서는 브롬화 정도 및 브롬의 치환 위치에 따라 회수율이 다르게 나타났으며, 아세톤:n-헥산(1:1)이 아세톤:디클로 로메탄(1:1)의 경우보다 추출 효율이 높게 나타났다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.401-418
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• 2018

현행 기하와 벡터 교과서에는 타원 방정식을 통해 초점, 꼭짓점 등을 구하는 기계적 활동이 주가 되어 있어 본 논문에서는 좌표평면과 식 없이 주어진 타원 그래프로부터 초점 작도를 하는 가역적 활동에서 유추와 분석적 방법이 활용되는 과정을 연구하였다. 탐구 도구는 Geogebra를 활용하였으며 처음 학생들은 주어진 타원에서 장축, 단축을 임의로 작도하여 타원의 초점을 찾으려는 오류를 범하였다. 하지만 원의 대칭축을 작도하는 방법을 경험하고 이 원리를 분석하여 타원에 유추한 결과 타원의 중심과 장축, 단축을 작도할 수 있었다. 이후 초점 작도 과정에서 분석적 방법을 활용하여 초점 식을 피타고라스 정리로 인식하여 원의 작도 활용해 타원의 초점 작도를 하였다. 따라서 타원 초점 작도에서 유추와 분석적 방법이 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2006

본 연구는 유해폐기물에 의한 환경오염을 예방하기 위해 폐기물 시험방법과 신규 항목을 설정하기 위해 수행하였다. 국내외 유해폐기물의 규제기준, 시험항목 등을 조사검토하여 유해물질에 대한 우선순위를 선정하였다. 선정한 Ba, Be, Cr(VI), F, Ni, Sb, Se, V 8종의 유해물질을 함유한 오니, 폐유, 소각재 등 폐기물 인증표준물질을 사용하여 전처리방법을 비교분석하였다. 이 결과를 통해 시험방법(안)을 확립하고, 관련 항목 배출 가능성이 있는 표본사업장을 선정하여 시료 37건을 채취분석하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 유류 오염 토양 중에 함유 되어 있는 다환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs)의 시험방법을 확립하고자 수행되었다. 토양 중 PAHs 시험방법으로 미국 EPA 및 ISO 시험방법 등을 비교검토하고 국내 오염 토양에 대한 적용성을 검토한 결과, 유류 오염토양의 분석을 위해서는 알루미나 전처리 방법이 보다 효율적인 것으로 나타났으며, 휘발성이 큰 naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluorene 등 4종을 제외한 PAHs 12종에 대한 회수율이 67~107%범위로 나타나 이들 물질에 대한 시험방법을 마련하였다. 또한, 유류로 오염된 토양 5점을 선정하여 시험방법에 대한 적용성 시험 결과, 분석대상 12종 PAHs는 모든 시료에서 $78.68{\sim}275.57{\mu}g/kg$로 검출되었으며, 이중 phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene 등은 전체 농도의 약 70%로 대부분의 비율을 차지하였다. 특히 BaP의 경우 농도범위는 $1.76{\sim}24.65{\mu}g/kg$으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1995

The reaction rate, equilibrium, and flow injection analysis methods were fundamentally evaluated for the determination of aqueous ammonia. The selected indophenol blue method was based on the formation of indophenol blue in which ammonium ion reacted with hypochlorite and phenol in alkaline solution. In the optimized reaction condition, the reaction followed 1st order reaction kinetics and the final product was stable. The absorbance measurements before and after the equilibrium were utilized for the reaction rate and equilibrium methods. The reaction rate methods, based on the relative analytical signals for the possibility of eliminating interferents, were shown to have good linear calibration curves but the detection limit and the calibration sensitivity were poorer than those in the equilibrium method. The detection limits were 32-49 pub and 24 pub for the reaction rate and equilibrium methods, respectively In the flow injection analysis, the absorbance was measured before the equilibrium reached and thus resulted in 30% reduction of calibration sensitivity. However, the detection limit was 11 ppb, indicating that the peak-to-peak noise for the blank was remarkably improved. Compared to the manual methods, the optimized experimental condition in a closed reaction system reduced the blank absorbance and the inclusion of ammonia from the atmosphere was prevented. In addition, highly reproducible mixing of sample and reagents and analytical data extracted from continuous recording showed excellent reproducibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.185-223
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• 2022

The classical equation of Jonathan Homer Lane and Robert Emden, a nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equation, models the isothermal spherical clouded gases under the influence of the mutual attractive interaction between the gases' molecules. In this paper, the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is presented to obtain highly accurate and reliable analytical solutions of a class of generalised Lane-Emden equations with strong nonlinearities. The nonlinear term f(y(x)) of the proposed problem is given by the integer powers of a continuous real-valued function h(y(x)), that is, f(y(x)) = h^m(y(x)), for integer m ≥ 0, real x > 0. In the end, numerical comparisons are presented between the analytical results obtained using the ADM and numerical solutions using the eighth-order nested second derivative two-step Runge-Kutta method (NSDTSRKM) to illustrate the reliability, accuracy, effectiveness and convenience of the proposed methods. The special cases h(y) = sin y(x), cos y(x); h(y) = sinh y(x), cosh y(x) are considered explicitly using both methods. Interestingly, in each of these methods, a unified result is presented for an integer power of any continuous real-valued function - compared with the case by case computations for the nonlinear functions f(y). The results presented in this paper are a generalisation of several published results. Several examples are given to illustrate the proposed methods. Tables of expansion coefficients of the series solutions of some special Lane-Emden type equations are presented. Comparisons of the two results indicate that both methods are reliably and accurately efficient in solving a class of singular strongly nonlinear ordinary differential equations.