• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.889-897
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether there was a connection between oral health and memory loss in elderly individuals with no abnormalities in their daily lives and to identify factors affecting memory loss. Methods: This study aimed to identify an association between the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and Subjective Memory Complaints for the elderly individuals living in the community. Results: The results of analyzing the oral health assessment according to the general characteristics of the study participants revealed that with increase in age, income (p=0.05) and oral health of the elderly living alone decreased compared to those living together in the family (p=0.05). Moreover, the lower the income (p=0.05), the higher was the memory loss for the elderly living alone than for the elderly living together with their family (p=0.05). Conclusions: The study identified a link between oral health of the elderly and subjective memory loss and observed that oral health, cohabitation, and income level were related to subjective memory loss. Therefore, oral health should be considered as a predictor of memory loss for the elderly.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2018

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has an essential role in the process of learning and memory in the hippocampus. It has been reported that linalool, a major component of Lavandula angustifolia, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, along with other effects. However, the effect of linalool on the cognitive impairment and behavioral alterations that are induced by REM-sleep deprivation has not yet been elucidated. Several studies have reported that REM-sleep deprivation-induced memory deficits provide a well-known model of behavioral alterations. In the present study, we examined whether linalool elicited an anti-stress effect, reversing the behavioral alterations observed following REM-sleep deprivation in mice. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the effect of linalool. Spatial memory and learning memory were assessed through Y maze and passive avoidance tests, respectively, and the forced swimming test was used to evaluate anti-stress activity. The mechanisms through which linalool improves memory loss and behavioral alterations in sleep-deprived mice appeared to be through an increase in the serotonin levels. Linalool significantly ameliorated the spatial and learning memory deficits, and stress activity observed in sleep-deprived animals. Moreover, linalool led to serotonin release, and cortisol level reduction. Our findings suggest that linalool has beneficial effects on the memory loss and behavioral alterations induced by REM-sleep deprivation through the regulation of serotonin levels.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

Excessive manganese (Mn) in the brain promotes a variety of abnormal behaviors, including memory deficits, decreased motor skills and psychotic behavior resembling Parkinson's disease. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a prevalent genetic iron overload disorder worldwide. Dysfunction in HFE gene is the major cause of HH. Our previous study has demonstrated that olfactory Mn uptake is altered by HFE deficiency, suggesting that loss of HFE function could alter manganese-associated neurotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, Hfe-knockout ($Hfe^{-/-}$) and wild-type ($Hfe^{+/+}$) mice were intranasally-instilled with manganese chloride ($MnCl_2$ 5 mg/kg) or water daily for 3 weeks and examined for memory function. Olfactory Mn diminished both short-term recognition and spatial memory in $Hfe^{+/+}$ mice, as examined by novel object recognition task and Barnes maze test, respectively. Interestingly, $Hfe^{-/-}$ mice did not show impaired recognition memory caused by Mn exposure, suggesting a potential protective effect of Hfe deficiency against Mn-induced memory deficits. Since many of the neurotoxic effects of manganese are thought to result from increased oxidative stress, we quantified activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Mn instillation decreased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity in $Hfe^{+/+}$ mice, but not in $Hfe^{-/-}$ mice. In addition, Hfe deficiency up-regulated SOD1 and glutathione peroxidase activities. These results suggest a beneficial role of Hfe deficiency in attenuating Mn-induced oxidative stress in the PFC. Furthermore, Mn exposure reduced nicotinic acetylcholine receptor levels in the PFC, indicating that blunted acetylcholine signaling could contribute to impaired memory associated with intranasal manganese. Together, our model suggests that disrupted cholinergic system in the brain is involved in airborne Mn-induced memory deficits and loss of HFE function could in part prevent memory loss via a potential up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes in the PFC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.522-524
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• 2015

A USB memory stick became common for secondary storage Unit.. But USB memory stick has critical problems as well. Such as personal information data leakage due to easy loss of the portable device. Therefore, User increased Repurchases of USB memory stick, and damage case of personal and company information data leakage increased. In this study, to prevent such loss and stolen, we propose Smart USB memory stick based on Bluetooth. Smart USB memory stick support the security and prevent the loss.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.245-248
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• 2014

$Pt/Al_2O_3/Si_3N_4/SiO_2/Si$ charge trap flash memory structures with various thicknesses of the $Si_3N_4$ charge trapping layer were fabricated. According to the calculated and measured results, we depicted electron loss in a schematic diagram that illustrates how the trap to band tunneling and thermal excitation affects electrons loss behavior with the change of $Si_3N_4$ thickness, temperature and trap energy levels. As a result, we deduce that $Si_3N_4$ thicknesses of more than 6 or less than 4.3 nm give no contribution to improving memory performance.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.118-123
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• 2020

In this paper, the design method of asynchronous nonvolatile memory module that can efficiently process and store large amounts of data without loss when the power turned off is proposed and implemented. PSRAM, which takes advantage of DRAM and SRAM, was used for data processing, and NAND flash memory was used for data storage and backup. The problem of a lot of signal interference due to the characteristics of memory devices was solved through PCB design using high-density integration technology. In addition, a boost circuit using the super capacitor of 0.47F was designed to supply sufficient power to the system during the time to back up data when the power is off. As a result, an asynchronous nonvolatile memory module was designed and implemented that guarantees reliability and stability and can semi-permanently store data for about 10 years. The proposed method solved the problem of frequent data loss in industrial sites and presented the possibility of commercialization by providing convenience to users and managers.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.646-652
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• 2018

Neurodegeneration can result in memory loss in the central nervous system (CNS) and impairment of taste and smell in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by functional loss of dopaminergic neurons. Recent studies have also found a role for dopaminergic neurons in regulating taste memory rewards in insects. To investigate how taste memories and sugar sensitivity can be affected in PD, we utilized the $DJ-1{\beta}$ mutant fruit fly, $DJ-1{\beta}^{ex54}$, as a PD model. We performed binary choice feeding assays, electrophysiology and taste-mediated memory tests to explore the function of the $DJ-1{\beta}$ gene in terms of sugar sensitivity as well as associative taste memory. We found that PD flies exhibited an impaired ability to discriminate sucrose across a range of sugar concentrations, with normal responses at only very high concentrations of sugar. They also showed an impairment in associative taste memory. We highlight that the taste impairment and memory defect in $DJ-1{\beta}^{ex54}$ can be recovered by the expression of wild-type $DJ-1{\beta}$ gene in the dopaminergic neurons. We also emphasized the role of dopaminergic neurons in restoring taste memory function. This impaired memory property of $DJ-1{\beta}^{ex54}$ flies also allows them to be used as a model system for finding supplementary dietary foods that can improve memory function. Here we provide evidence that the associative taste memory of both control and $DJ-1{\beta}^{ex54}$ flies can be enhanced with dietary supplementation of the medicinal plant, omija.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.499-507
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), a dominant component from the extract of Panax ginseng root, exhibits neuroprotective functions in many neurological diseases. This study was intended to investigate whether Rb1 can attenuate cisplatin-induced memory impairments and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: Cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 5 mg/kg/wk, and Rb1 was administered in drinking water at the dose of 2 mg/kg/d to rats for 5 consecutive wk. The novel objects recognition task and Morris water maze were used to detect the memory of rats. Nissl staining was used to examine the neuron numbers in the hippocampus. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, cholineacetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and the levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, acetylcholine, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-10 were measured by ELISA to assay the oxidative stress, cholinergic function, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Results: Rb1 administration effectively ameliorates the memory impairments caused by cisplatin in both novel objects recognition task and Morris water maze task. Rb1 also attenuates the neuronal loss induced by cisplatin in the different regions (CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus) of the hippocampus. Meanwhile, Rb1 is able to rescue the cholinergic neuron function, inhibit the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in cisplatin-induced rat brain. Conclusion: Rb1 rescues the cisplatin-induced memory impairment via restoring the neuronal loss by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and recovering the cholinergic neuron functions.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2014

Charge trapping nonvolatile memory capacitors with $ZrO_2$ as charge trapping layer were fabricated, and the effects of post annealing atmosphere ($NH_3$ and $N_2$) on their memory storage characteristics were investigated. It was found that the memory windows were improved, after annealing treatment. The memory capacitor after $NH_3$ annealing treatment exhibited the best electrical characteristics, with a 6.8 V memory window, a lower charge loss ~22.3% up to ten years, even at $150^{\circ}C$, and excellent endurance (1.5% memory window degradation). The results are attributed to deep level bulk charge traps, induced by using $NH_3$ annealing.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.428-436
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• 2017

State-of-the-art processors require increasingly complicated memory services for high performance and low power consumption. In particular, they request transfers within a burst in a wrap-around order to minimize the miss penalty of a cache. However, synchronous dynamic random access memories (SDRAMs) do not always generate transfers in the wrap-round order required by the processors. Thus, a memory subsystem rearranges the SDRAM transfers in the wrap-around order, but the rearrangement process may increase memory latency and waste the bandwidth of on-chip interconnects. In this paper, we present a memory subsystem that is effective for the wrapping bursts of a cache. The proposed memory subsystem makes SDRAMs generate transfers in an intermediate order, where the transfers are rearranged in the wrap-around order with minimal penalties. Then, the transfers are delivered with priority, depending on the program locality in space. Experimental results showed that the proposed memory subsystem minimizes the memory performance loss resulting from wrapping bursts and, thus, improves program execution time.