• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.486-492
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• 2013

This study has been conducted to establish the optimal extraction process and HPLC analysis method for the determination of marker compounds as a part of the materials standardization for the development of health functional food materials from Astragali radix. Five extraction conditions including the shaking extraction at room temperature and the reflux extraction at $85^{\circ}C$ with 30%, 50% and 95% ethanol were evaluated. Reflux extraction with 50% ethanol showed the highest extraction yield as $27.27{\pm}2.27%$, while the extraction under reflux with 95% ethanol showed significantly the lowest yield of $10.55{\pm}0.24%$. The quantitative determination methods of calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and calycosin as marker compounds of Astragali radix extracts were optimized by HPLC analysis using a Thermo Hypersil column ($4.6{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$) with the gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at the flow rate of $0.8mLmin^{-1}$ and a detection wavelength of 230nm. The HPLC/UV method was applied successfully to the quantification of two marker compounds in Astragali radix extracts after validation of the method with the linearity, accuracy and precision. The contents of calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and calycosin in 50% ethanol extracts by reflux extraction were significantly higher as $1,700.3{\pm}30.4$ and $443.6{\pm}8.4{\mu}g-1$, respectively, comparing with those in other extracts. The results indicate that the reflux extraction with 50% ethanol at $85^{\circ}C$ is optimal for the extraction of Astragali radix, and the established HPLC method are very useful for the evaluation of marker compounds in Astragali radix extracts to develop the health functional material from Astragali radix.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.387-391
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• 2007

Recently, much attention has been paid to developing various kinds of fermented herbal extracts, a new type of traditional herbal medicine, in the field of Korean traditional medicine. The fermentation of medicinal herbs is intended to exert a favorable influence on digestability, bioavailavility and pharmacological activity of herbal extract in the gastrointestinal tract. It also produces a number of fermentation products that intensify the nutritional and pharmacological aspects of the medicinal herbs. In order to develop a functional beverage of alleviating the aftereffects of the previous drinks, the extracts (HP-1) of fermented herbal mixture, including Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunberg, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb., were prepared and the medicinal effect as a hangover cure was evaluated in ethanol-loaded rats. The enzyme activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) were analyzed by measuring the concentration of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde. The mRNA expression of ADH and ALDH2 was also investigated through RT-PCR analysis. In the HP-1-treated group, the concentration of blood ethanol was significantly reduced at one hour after loading of ethanol, as compared to that in the saline-treated group. The reduced ethanol was converted to acetaldehyde, which resulted in rapid increase in acetaldehyde concentration in an hour. Acetaldehyde was started to decrease at 5 hours after ethanol loading. It implies that HP-1 is highly effective to stimulate the activities of ADH and ALDH2. The HP-1 treatment also activated the mRNA expression of ADH and ALDH. This study suggests that fermented herbal extract, HP-1 can be used as a functional beverage of alleviating the alcohol-induced hangover symptoms by stimulating the activities and gene expression of hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzymes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate antiaging and antioxidant effects on cultured human skin fibroblast with supercritical fluid extracts of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Methods : Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique was applied to extract from three medicinal plants including stem of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by two different assays as 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and super oxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. These extracts were tested for cell viability on HS68 skin fibroblast by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We investigated the effects of Ultraviolet-B irradiation on cytotoxicity, type 1 collagen, elastin level and oxidative damage in cultured human skin fibroblast (HS68). Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. Results : The extracts obtained dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity. The supercritical fluid extracts of complex herbal medicine showed low cytotoxicity as more than 100% cell viability in 100ppm/ml concentration. HS68 fibroblasts were survived 70% at $120mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation and treated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The levels of aging factors and cytotoxicity were decreased by supercritical fluid extract of complex herbal medicine. Conclusions : These results suggest that supercritical fluid extracts may have value as the potential antioxidant and antiaging medicinal plant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.2 s.129
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• pp.144-150
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• 2002

The methanol extracts of 132 herbal medicines were screened for the inhibitory activity against heparinase enzyme from Flavobacterium heparinum. Eleven medicinal plants, Amomum xanthiodides, Agrimonia pilosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Rubia cordifolia, Sanguisorba officinalis, Torrega grandis, Morus alba, Gleditsia sinensis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Cornus officinalis, Paeonia japonica showed potent inhibition on heparinase activity. The active substituents of those herbal medicine could be extracted into butanol fraction and the inhibitory compounds of Morus alba are now isolating.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1564-1568
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• 2007

In this study fourteen ethanol extracts from Nepalese medicinal plants were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and antiradical activity and their total phenolic content was evaluated. The antiradicalactivity was evaluated by free radical scavenging assay, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). Plant extracts showed a wide range of radical scavenging activity, with $IC_50$ value ranging in between $5.38\; {\mu}g/\;mL$ - $429.61\;{\mu}g/mL$. Strong radical scavenging activity was shown by flower extract of Woodfordia fruticosa ($5.38\;{\mu}g/\;mL$) and stem bark extract of Azadirachta indica ($5.58 {\mu}g/\;mL$)that also contained high phenolic content. Most of the sample showed activity below the concentration of $100\; {\mu}g/mL$. For antimicrobial activity three test microorganisms namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts was determined. Most of the plant extracts were effective against bacterial strains only at higher concentration ($800\;-\;1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$) but none of these were effective against Candida albicans below $1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate antiaging and antioxidant effects on cultured human skin fibroblast with 80% ethanol extracts of plants including of stem of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Methods : An ethanol extract of three medicinal plants including stem of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Extracts were assessed to determine the mechanism of antioxidant and antiaging activities. Antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by two different assays as 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and super oxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. These extracts were tested for cell viability on HS68 skin fibroblast by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We investigated the effects of Ultraviolet-B irradiation on cytotoxicity, type 1 collagen, elastin level and oxidative damage in cultured human skin fibroblast (HS68). Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. Results : The extracts obtained dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity. The extracts of complex herbal medicine showed low cytotoxicity as more than 100% cell viability in 100ppm/ml concentration. HS68 fibroblasts were survived 70% at 120 $mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation and treated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The levels of aging factors and cytotoxicity were decreased by ethanol extract of complex herbal medicine. Conclusions : These results suggest that ethanol extracts of complex medicinal plants of including of stem of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus may have value as the potential antioxidant and antiaging medicinal plant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.478-488
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• 2018

Mushrooms have been widely cultivated and consumed as foods and herbal medicines owing to their various biological properties. However, few studies have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of mushrooms. Here, we investigated the effects of mushroom extracts (MEs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). First, we extracted MEs with either water or ethanol. Using LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, we measured cell proliferation and NO production. Gene expression of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), and $IL-1{\beta}$ was assessed by RT-PCR, and protein abundance of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phosphorylation of p65 were determined by immunoblotting. MEs prepared using both water and ethanol inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) levels induced by LPS were reduced by treatment with MEs. Isaria japonica Yasuda water extracts and Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks ethanol extracts significantly decreased the mRNA expression of inflammation-related cytokine genes including $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$. Similarly, the protein abundance of iNOS and COX-2 was also decreased. The phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ was at least partly suppressed by MEs. This study suggests that mushrooms could be included in the diet to prevent and treat macrophage-related chronic immune diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine whether Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), cultivated in various ratios with herbal extract remnants instead of cotton supplemented with nutrients (the control), improved mycelial growth, mushroom yields and longevity during storage. In addition, we investigated the transfer of medicinal herb components into the mushrooms since they contained non-specific medicinal herbs and their composition could not be controlled. Mushrooms cultivated with 70% and 100% medicinal herb remnants had faster growth rates, higher yields and less failure in the development of the fruit body than the control group. There were no differences in HPLC chromatogram among the methanol extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus in all groups. In addition, glycyrrhizin, an indicative compound of licorice which was a major herb among the herbal remnants, was not detected in any of the extracts. Pleurotus ostreatus that was cultivated with 70% and 100% herbal extract remnants had improved storage longevity in comparison with the control. They exhibited the least weight loss during storage among the groups and they maintained firmness in the stipe and pileus. However, the sources of media did not alter the color difference of the stipe and pileus or the quality index of the outward appearance during storage. In conclusion, cultivating media that contained over 70% of medicinal herb extract remnants increased the growth rates and yields of Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, these mushrooms had enhanced storage longevity due to their firmness. Therefore, medicinal herb extract remnants should be utilized in the cultivating media of various mushrooms.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the antibacterial effect of Caesalpinia sappan and Coptis chinensis extract against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus. Methods : Methanol extracts of C. sappan and C. chinensis was tested against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus by paper disc method. Results : The growth of B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus was inhibited by C. sappan and C. chinensis extract among 6 kinds of medicinal plant extracts. The extract of C. sappan and C. chinensis extract inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and B. cereus, respectively. The growth of B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus had a tendency to increase depend on the concentration of the extract. EtOEt and EtOAc fractions and EtOEt and BuOH fractions of the C. sappan extract had a high antibacterial activity against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. And, BuOH and $H_2O$ fractions of the C. chinensis extract showed antibacterial activity against B. cereus highly. Conclusions : C. sappan and C. chinensis extract efficiently inhibited the growth of B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.402-405
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• 2017

Vinegar has been widely produced for a variety of industrial and domestic use as well as medicinal use. For sale of the commercial vinegar with herbal extracts, we produced an experimental black vinegar through sequential fermentation of alcohol, followed by acetic acid according to the manufacturer's procedure. To investigate the effect of anti-obesity of black vinegar on biochemical values, we evaluated enzyme activities via acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which plays a critical role in the lipid metabolism. We found that increased phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK) and ACC in L6 mouse muscle cells treated with the manufactured vinegar. Based on the results, supplementation of experimental herbal black vinegar inactivates ACC, enhancing the phosphorylation of AMPK. Thus, the lipid oxidation and inhibitory effect of fatty acid synthesis by the black vinegar expects to facilitate the anti-obesity activity.