• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2019

Purpose: To report the initial experience of patient-specific quality assurance (pQA) for the wobbling and line-scanning proton therapy at Samsung Medical Center. Materials and Methods: The pQA results of 89 wobbling treatments with 227 fields and 44 line-scanning treatments with 118 fields were analyzed from December 2015 to June 2016. For the wobbling method, proton range and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) width were verified. For the line-scanning method, output and two-dimensional dose distribution at multiple depths were verified by gamma analysis with 3%/3 mm criterion. Results: The average range difference was -0.44 mm with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.64 mm and 0.1 mm with an SD of 0.53 mm for the small and middle wobbling radii, respectively. For the line-scanning method, the output difference was within ${\pm}3%$. The gamma passing rates were over 95% with 3%/3 mm criterion for all depths. Conclusions: For the wobbling method, proton range and SOBP width were within the tolerance levels. For the line-scanning method, the output and two-dimensional dose distribution showed excellent agreement with the treatment plans.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2005

A new method for real-time estimating left ventricular relaxation time constant (T) from the left ventricular (LV) pressure waveform, based on the isovolumic relaxation model, is proposed. The presented method uses a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm to accomplish real-time estimation. A new criterion to detect the end-point of the isovolumic relaxation period (IRP) for the estimation of T is also introduced, which is based on the pattern analysis of mean square errors between the original and reconstructed pressure waveforms. We have verified the performance of the new method in over 4,600 beats obtained from 70 patients. The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides more stable and reliable estimation of τ than the conventional 'off-line' methods.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.259-260
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• 1998

In this paper, we present a 3D visualization method of medical image on PC. Using morphological method, we used to segment 2D medical images (X-ray CT, MRI). Presented method is treating in some detail two operations : dilation and erosion. Also known as an isosurface, using a constant density surface make a target organ in 3D. In the whole procedure for visualization. The medical images are implemented by using Visual C++ 5.0 in activeX and IDL(interactive data language) under PC environment.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.10
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• pp.1473-1478
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• 2018

In this study, we have developed a simple and cost-effective method to prevent edge bead formation by covering the edge of a chip-level substrate with heat-resistant tape during patterning using SU-8. Edge beads are a fundamental problem in photoresists and are particularly notable in high-viscosity fluids and thick coatings. Edge beads can give rise to an air gap between the substrate and the patterning mask during UV exposure, which results in non-uniform patterns. Furthermore, the sample may break since the edge bead is in contact with the mask. In particular, the SU-8 coating thickness of the chip-level substrates used in MEMS or BioMEMS may not be properly controlled because of the presence of edge beads. The proposed method to solve the edge bead problem can be easily and economically utilized without the need for a special device or chemicals. This method is simple and prevents edge bead formation on the sample substrate. Despite the small loss in the taping area, the uniformity of the SU-8 coating is improved from 50.9% to 5.6%.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.141-153
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• 2005

Objectives : This survey was accomplished to find out how Korean medical doctors take acupuncture treatment in real clinics. Methods : The survey questions were developed by the consensus from the professors who major in acupuncture and moxibustion. The questionnaire was given the 2731 Korean medical doctors at the mending education site; In addition, it was given to 793 doctors working at the 105 Korean medical hospitals listed on the National Korean Medical Hospital Associations Address book by postal mail; and also it was given to the 142 public health care Korean medical doctors who attended the conference for the municipal and provincial representatives of the public health service Korean medical doctors. Total of 1277 questionnaires were retrieved out of the 3666 subjects. Results : 1. Nine hundred out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used method of differentiation syndromes(70.4%) and 1184 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors convalescence decide with subjective symptom improvement of patient(92.6%). 2. Nine hundred eight out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used both local and remote points(71.0%) and 916 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors treat with method of reinforcement-reduction(71.7%). 3. Eleven hundred fifth five out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used cupping a boil(90.3%) and 1023 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used moxibustion(80.1%). Conclusion : When Korean medical doctors treat with acupuncture, most of them diagnose with differentiation methods and meridian theory, decide convalescence with subjective symptom improvement of patient, select out of both local and remote acupuncture points, treat with method of basic reinforcement-reduction, apply moxa and cupping a boil when they are necessary. The cupping a boil comes to be used when being muscle and joint disease. The moxa comes to be used when being chronic disease.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2018

Objectives : The paper uses recitation test, one of the study and evaluation methods in the Korean Medical Classics, to provide a basis upon which thoughts can be given to the education of Korean Medicine, and furthermore the essence of education itself. Methods : 1. The paper reviewed how recitation tests were performed in Goryeo and Joseon. 2. The paper introduces the methods of applying recitation test to the education of the Korean Medical Classics and their results. The paper furthermore discussed possible improvements. 3. The paper pondered on the traditional aspects of the significances (principles) of recitation tests and their cognitive neuroscience aspects. Results : 1. The imperial examinations for medical officers during Goryeo and Joseon both performed recitation tests, and the subject of these tests were given more weight than other subjects. 2. Recitation test is a form of education that revolves around the learners. It requires a detailed plan of execution for it to be effective. 3. The significances (principles) of recitation test are reviewed from the aspect of cognitive neuroscience, and the deductions from the traditional aspects are made into "conceptual abstract, come to things & run out knowledge, and flash back." Conclusions : Recitation test was the humanity's way of conserving and conveying knowledge & wisdom from the times before the invention of letters. This method is the oldest education method of acquiring concepts that are generalized and made abstract through indirect experiences. This method is still effective today. In the education of the Korean Medical Classics, this method was used to supplement the public education method and create an education method that revolves around individual learner in a way that utilizes the strengths of education in apprenticeship.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.33-58
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• 2018

Objectives : Literatures related to Bianque are studied to discover the path of development and the impact of Bianque school's pulse diagnosis system. Methods : Texts regarding Bianque were searched in history books such as Shiji and Zhanguoce, and medical texts such as the medical books of Mawangdui Han Tomb, Huangdineijng, Maijing, and Qianjinyifang to understand how the Bianque school's pulse diagnosis system was developed. Results : 1. Bianque school's pulse diagnosis system was used to inspect the distribution pattern of blood vessels and discover the location of the disease including the palpatation realm such as only hard or only fall. 2. The system of inspection was created when the diagnosis method that uses the color of the pulse by using the color of blood vessels was added to the diagnostic method of pulse condition. 3. Adding the concept of pulse to the visual information that derives from pulse condition becomes pulsation. This is a diagnostic method that falls under the realm of palpation, and it was used to discover the location of disease. 4. The qi of pulse is motor that induces pulse, and this concept is used in order to understand how normal and abnormal pulsations appear, and to treat the circulation disorder of qi and blood. 5. Cubit skin examination is a method that comprehensively take into account the upper arm skin's cold and heat, slippery and roughness, and relax and tension state. This method was used together with other diagnostic methods. As described above, it seems that the diagnostic method with blood vessels used by Bianque school seems to have developed from Bianque's special inspection ability to the stage where it uses palpation, and then to the stage of cubit skin examination which uses both palpation and inspection.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3284-3288
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• 2013

This paper describes first development and validation of pentafluorophenylprophyl ligand-based liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (PFPLC-MS/MS) method to determine metformin, a highly polar compound, in human plasma. Metformin and Phenformin (internal standard) were extracted from human plasma 50 ${\mu}L$ with a single-step protein precipitation. The chromatographic separation was performed using a linear gradient elution of mobile phase involving 5.0 mM ammonium formate solution with 0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) over 3.0 min of run time on a Phenomenex Luna PFP column. The detection was performed using a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (Waters Quattro micro) with electrospray ionization in the mode of positive ionization and multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). The developed method was validated with 5.0 ng/mL of lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). The calibration curve was linear over 5-3000 ng/mL of the concentration range ($R^2$ > 0.99). The specificity, selectivity, carry-over effect, precision, accuracy and stability of the method met the acceptance criteria. The method developed in this study had had rapidness, simplicity and ruggedness. The reliable method was successfully applied to high throughput analysis of real samples for a practical purpose of a pharmacokinetic study.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.133-159
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• 2008

Every field of studies form its theory through its universal method and own method based on respective views with its own culture and contributes to academic advancement with appropriate research methodology within theory. Therefore, If methology of oriental medicine is not include universal method and particularity method in research methology, it will not obtain scientific character and lose its logic. The methology of oriental medicine is classified by two approaches, universal methology of natural science which inspect the effect through experimentation on the fact, and particularity methology of human science which understand the effect through translation on the value(politics, economics, society, philosophy, history and culture). In this paper, the methodology of oriental medicine contains duality including both universality and particularity.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.135-139
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• 1993

Radionuclide cardioangiography has been widely applied and has played major roles in non-invasive assessment of cardiac function. Three techniques, first-pass, gated first and gated equilibrium methods, have commonly been used to evaluate right ventricular ejection fraction which usually abnormal in the patients with cardiopulmonary disease. It has been known that the gated first pass method is the most accurate method among the three techniques in assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction. The radionuclide right ventricular ejection fraction values were determined in 13 normal subjects and in 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by the gated first pass method and compared with those of the first pass method because there ha,j been no published data of right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method in Korea. The values of right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method were compared with the detas from the pulmonary function test performed in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmomary disease. The results were as follows: 1) The values of right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method were $50.1{\pm}6.1%$ in normal subjects and $38.5{\pm}8.5$ in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was statistically significant difference between the right ventricular ejection fraction of each of the two groups (p < 0.05). 2) The right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method was not linearly correlated with $FEV_1$, VC, DLCO, and FVC as well as $P_aO_2$ and $P_aCO_2$ of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We concluded that right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method using radionuclide cardioangiography may be useful in clinical assessment of the right ventricular function.