Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14369/jkmc.2018.31.1.057

A Study on The Recitation Test in Education of Korean Medical Classics  

Lyu, Jeong-ah (Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Medical classics / v.31, no.1, 2018 , pp. 57-78 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives : The paper uses recitation test, one of the study and evaluation methods in the Korean Medical Classics, to provide a basis upon which thoughts can be given to the education of Korean Medicine, and furthermore the essence of education itself. Methods : 1. The paper reviewed how recitation tests were performed in Goryeo and Joseon. 2. The paper introduces the methods of applying recitation test to the education of the Korean Medical Classics and their results. The paper furthermore discussed possible improvements. 3. The paper pondered on the traditional aspects of the significances (principles) of recitation tests and their cognitive neuroscience aspects. Results : 1. The imperial examinations for medical officers during Goryeo and Joseon both performed recitation tests, and the subject of these tests were given more weight than other subjects. 2. Recitation test is a form of education that revolves around the learners. It requires a detailed plan of execution for it to be effective. 3. The significances (principles) of recitation test are reviewed from the aspect of cognitive neuroscience, and the deductions from the traditional aspects are made into "conceptual abstract, come to things & run out knowledge, and flash back." Conclusions : Recitation test was the humanity's way of conserving and conveying knowledge & wisdom from the times before the invention of letters. This method is the oldest education method of acquiring concepts that are generalized and made abstract through indirect experiences. This method is still effective today. In the education of the Korean Medical Classics, this method was used to supplement the public education method and create an education method that revolves around individual learner in a way that utilizes the strengths of education in apprenticeship.
Keywords
recitation test; education of Korean Medicine; The Korean Medical Classics; School of Korean Medicine Pusan National University;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Seoul National University Kyujanggak Library. Sokdaejeon. Seoul. Seoul Gyung Printing Industry Cooperative. 1998. 서울大學校奎章閣. 續大典. 서울. 서울輕印刷工業 協同組合. 1998.
2 Seoul National University Kyujanggak Library. Daejeontongpyeon. Seoul. Seoul Gyung Printing Industry Cooperative. 1998. 서울大學校奎章閣. 大典通編 上. 서울. 서울輕印刷 工業協同組合. 1998.
3 Seoul National University Kyujanggak Library. Daejeonhoetong Book 1. Seoul. Seoul Gyung Printing Industry Cooperative. 1999. 서울大學校奎章閣. 大典會通 上. 서울. 서울輕印刷 工業協同組合. 1999.
4 Kim GW, et al.. Lecture on The History of Chinese Medicine. Goyang. Daesung Medical Publisher. 2006. 김기욱外 15人. 강좌 중국의학사. 고양. 대성의학사. 2006.
5 Son HR. Research on The History of Korean Medicine -Focused on Institutional History-. Seoul. Sooseowon. 2013. 孫弘烈 著. 韓國醫學史硏究-制度史를 中心으로-. 서울. 修書院. 2013.
6 Seoul National University Kyujanggak Library. Gyeonggukdaejeon. Seoul. Seoul Gyung Printing Industry Cooperative. 1997. 서울大學校奎章閣. 經國大典. 서울. 서울輕印刷工 業協同組合. 1997.
7 Hong WS. The History Of Chinese Medicine. Seoul. Institute of Oriental Medicine. 1987. 洪元植 編著. 中國醫學史. 서울. 財團法人 東洋醫 學硏究院. 1987.
8 Editorial Department of Scientific American ed.. Hong GT trans.. The Science of Memory : Remember When? Seoul. Hollymbook. 2017. 사이언티픽 아메리칸 편집부 엮음. 홍경탁 옮김. 두뇌 속 저장 장치의 비밀 기억의 세계. 서울. 한림출판사. 2017.
9 Yoon EY. Learning to Change the Brain. Korean NeuroTraining Center. 2016. 윤은영 지음. 뇌를 변화시키는 학습법. 대구. 한국뇌기능개발센터. 2016.
10 Zhu X ed. & annot.. The Big Study and The Moderation : Added Old Korean Translation. Daejeon. Hakmin Institution. 1990. 朱熹 編註. 大學‧中庸 附諺解. 대전. 學民文化社. 1990.
11 Lee JH. The Establishment of the Sikangwon and the Education of Crown Prince in the Choseon Dynasty. Master's thesis of Graduate School. Konkuk University. 2012. 이진희. 조선시대 侍講院의 설치와 왕세자교육. 건국대학교 석사학위논문. 2012.
12 Won HY. Mechanics of Memory and Traditions. Journal of Buddhist Professors in Korea. 2017. 23(1). 원혜영. 기억과 전승의 메커니즘. 한국교수불자연합학회지. 2017. 23(1).
13 Kim DH. A Study on the Current education of Oriental Medical Classics in Korea -A Study focused on Hwangje-Naegyeong(黃帝內經). Journa of Korean Medical Classics. 2006. 19(4). 김도훈. 원전학 교육 현황에 관한 연구 -黃帝內 經을 중심으로-. 대한한의학원전학회지. 2006. 19(4).
14 Chae H, et al.. Review on Teaching the Traditional Korean Medical Students with Article Writing Program. Journa of Korean Medical Classics. 2008. 21(1). 채한 外 3人. 韓醫科大學 학부생을 대상으로 한 原典學 논문작성 교수법의 효과 고찰. 대한한의학원전학회지. 2008. 21(1).
15 Baik YS, Kim NI. A Survey of the Students' Attitude towards The Education of Oriental Medical Classics and History in The College of Oriental Medicine. Journal of Korean Medical Classics. 2010. 23(3). 백유상, 김남일. 원전의사학 교육에 대한 한의과대학 학부생의 의식조사 연구. 대한한의학원전학회지. 2010. 23(3).
16 Lee MR, et al.. The scope and learning objective of Medical classics in the field of the education of Korean Medicine. Journal of Korean Medical Classics. 2012. 25(2). 이명렬 外 3人. 한의학 교육 분야에서의 原典學의 범위 및 학습 목적. 대한한의학원전학회지. 2012. 25(2).
17 Baik YS. A Study on The Dispute about The Identity of Oriental Medicine -Focused on Oriental Medical Classics. Journal of Korean Medical Classics. 2010. 23(5). 白裕相. 韓醫學 정체성 논의에 대한 연구 -原典學을 중심으로-. 대한한의학원전학회지. 2010. 23(5).
18 Keum KS, Song JC, Eom DM. Trends of Studies on Medical Classics in Korea. Journal of Korean Medical Classics. 2011. 24(2). 금경수, 송지청, 엄동명. 韓國의 原典學 연구 動向. 대한한의학원전학회지. 2011. 24(2).
19 Hwang SM, et al.. Study on the prerequisite Chinese characters for the education of traditional Korean medicine. Journal of Korean Medical Classics. 2011. 24(5). 황상문 外 5人. 한의학 교육을 위한 필수한자 추출 및 분석연구. 대한한의학원전학회지. 2011. 24(5).
20 Behrooz KA et al.. Storing Sparse Messages in Networks of Neural Cliques. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS. 2014. 25(5). pp.980-989.   DOI
21 R. Douglas F. Making Memories Stick. Scientific American. 2005. 292(2).
22 Joe Z. Tsien. The Memory Code. Scientific American. 2007. 297(1).
23 Kastner S et al.. Mechanisms of directed attention in the human extrastriate cortex as revealed by functional MRI. Science. 1998. 282
24 Anton-Erxleben K, Henrich C, Treue S. Attention changes perceived size of moving visual patterns. Journal of Vision. 2007. 7(11).
25 Blumenfeld RS, Ranganath C. Prefrontal cortex and long-term memory encoding: An integrative review of findings from neuropsychology and neuroimaging. The Neuroscientist. 2007. 13(3).
26 Raye CL et al.. Neuroimaging a single thought: Dorsolateral PFC activity associated with refreshing just-activated information. NeuroImage. 2002. 15. pp.447-453.   DOI
27 Curtis CE, D' Esposito M. Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex during working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2003. 7(9).
28 Baddeley A. Working memory and language: Looking back and looking forward. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2003. 4.
29 Cowan N, et al.. Knowledge cannot explain the developmental growth of working memory capacity. Developmental Science. 2015. 18(1).
30 Raye CL et al.. Refreshing: A minimal executive function. Cortex. 2007. 43.
31 Lehmann S, Murray MM. The role of multisensory memories in unisensory object discrimination. Cognitive Brain Research. 2005. 24.
32 Shams L, Setiz AR. Benefits of multisensory learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2008. 12(11).
33 Driver J, Noesselt T. Multisensory interplay reveals crossmodal influences on 'Sensory-Specific' brain regions, neural responses, and judgements. Neuron. 2008. 57
34 Poldrack RA et al.. Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. NeuroImage. 1999. 10.
35 Wagner AD et al.. Recovering meaning: Left prefrontal cortex guides controlled semantic retrieval. Neuron. 2001. 31.
36 Logan JM et al.. Metacognition and the spacing effect: the role of repetition, feedback, and instruction on judgements of learning for massed and spaced rehearsal. Metacognition Learning. 2012. 7.
37 Hupbach A et al.. Reconsolidation of episodic memories: A subtle reminder triggers integration of new information. Learning & Memory. 2007. 14.
38 Craik FIM, Tulving E. Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1975. 104(3).
39 Mckenzie S, Eichenbaum H. Consolidation and reconsolidation: Two lives of memories? Neuron. 2011. 71.
40 Lee JLC. Reconsolidation: maintaining memory relevance. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2009. 32(8).
41 Karpicke JD, Bauernschmidt A. Spaced retrieval: Absolute spacing enhances learning regardless of relative spacing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2011. 37(5).
42 Kornell N, Hays MJ, Bjork RA. Unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance subsequent learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2009. 35(4).
43 Potts R, Shanks DR. The benefit of generating errors during learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2014. 143(2).
44 Wheeler ME, Buckner RL. Functional-anatomic correlates of remembering and knowing. NeuroImage. 2004. 21.
45 Sara SJ. Retrieval and reconsolidation: Toward a neurobiology of remembering. Learning & Memory. 2000. 7.
46 Altter AL, Oppenheimer DM. Uniting the tribes of fluency to form a metacognitive nation. Personality and Social Psychology. 2009. 13(3).
47 Karpicke JD, Blunt JR. Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. Science. 2011. 331.
48 Diana RA, Yonelinas AP, Ranganath C. Imaging recollection and familiarity in the medial temporal lobe: a three-component model. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2007. 11(9).
49 Grimaldi PJ, Karpicke JD. When and Why do retrieval attempts enhance subsequent encoding? Memory & cognition. 2012. 40.
50 Yonelinas AP. The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language. 2002. 46.
51 Roediger III HL et al.. Test-enhanced learning in the classroom: Long-term improvements from quizzing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. 2011. 17(4).
52 Roediger III HL, Karpocke JD. Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science. 2006. 17(3).
53 Butler AC. Repeated testing produces superior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. 2010. 36(5).
54 Kang SHK, McDermott KB, Roediger III HL. Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long-term retention. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2007. 19(4/5).
55 McDainel MA et al.. Testing the testing effect in the classroom. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2007. 19(4/5).
56 King Sejong the Great Memorial Society, Korean Classics Research Institute. The Korean Translated Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul. Salt Works, Inc. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WGA_10802014_003 세종대왕기념사업회, 민족문화추진회. 국역조선왕조실록. 서울. (주)솔트웍스. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WGA_10802014_003
57 King Sejong the Great Memorial Society, Korean Classics Research Institute. The Korean Translated Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul. Salt Works, Inc. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WGA_10802014_003 세종대왕기념사업회, 민족문화추진회. 국역조선왕조실록. 서울. (주)솔트웍스. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WGA_10802014_003
58 King Sejong the Great Memorial Society, Korean Classics Research Institute. The Korean Translated Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul. Salt Works, Inc. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WCA_10605013_002 세종대왕기념사업회, 민족문화추진회. 국역조선왕조실록. 서울. (주)솔트웍스. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WCA_10605013_002
59 King Sejong the Great Memorial Society, Korean Classics Research Institute. The Korean Translated Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul. Salt Works, Inc. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WWA_13108030_001 세종대왕기념사업회, 민족문화추진회. 국역조선왕조실록. 서울. (주)솔트웍스. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WWA_13108030_001
60 King Sejong the Great Memorial Society, Korean Classics Research Institute. The Korean Translated Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul. Salt Works, Inc. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WGA_11005015_001 세종대왕기념사업회, 민족문화추진회. 국역조선왕조실록. 서울. (주)솔트웍스. 2005. [cited on January 15, 2018]; Available from: http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/WGA_11005015_001