• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 1970

1. Isolation and identification of amylase-producing bacteria. The powerful strain A-12 and S-8 were respectively isolated from air and soil after screening a large number of amylase-producing bacteria. Their bacterial characteristics have been investigated and it has been found that all characteristics of strain A-12 and S-8 are similar to Bac. subtilis of Bergey's manual except for the acid formation from a few carbohydrates and the citrate utilization, i.e., the strain A-12 shows negative in the citrate utilization, and the acid formation from arabinose and xylose, S-8 shows negative in the acid formation from xylose. 2. Amylase production by Liquid cultures with solid materials. Several conditions for amylase production by strain A-12 in stationary cultures have been studied. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The optimum conditions are:temperature $35^{\circ}C$, initial pH 6.5 to 7.0 and incubation time 3 to 4 days. (2) The amylase production is not affected by the preservation period of the stock cultures. (3) Among the various solid material, the defatted soy bean is found to be the best for t1e amylase production. However, the alkali treatment of the defatted soy bean gives no effect contrary to the cage of defatted rape seed. The addition of soluble starch to the alkali extract of defatted soy bean shows the increased amylase production. (4) Up to 1% addition of ethanol to carbon dificient media gives the improved amylase production, whereas the above effect is not found in the case of carbon rich media. (5) The amylase production can be increased 2.5 times when 10% of defatted soy bean is admixed to cheaply available wheat bran. (6) The excellent effect is found for amylase production when 20% of wheat bran is admixed to defatted dry milk which is a poor medium. The activity is found to be $D^{40^{\circ}}_{30'}$ 7,000(L.S.V. 1,800) in 10% medium. (7) No significant effect is observed due to the addition of various inorganic salts. 3. Amylase production by solid cultures. Several conditions for amylase production by strain A-12 in wheat bran cultures have been studied and the results obtained are as follows. (1) The optimum conditions: are temperature $33^{\circ}C$, incubation lime 2 days, water content added 150 to 175% and the thickness of the medium 1.5cm, The activity is found to be $D^{40^{\circ}}_{30'}$ 36,000(L.S.V. 15,000) (2) No significant effect is found in the case of the additions of various organic and inorganic substances.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2013

In Smart Education, the roles of digital textbook is very important as face-to-face media to learners. The standardization of digital textbook will promote the industrialization of digital textbook for contents providers and distributers as well as learner and instructors. In this study, the following three objectives-oriented digital textbooks are looking for ways to standardize. (1) digital textbooks should undertake the role of the media for blended learning which supports on-off classes, should be operating on common EPUB viewer without special dedicated viewer, should utilize the existing framework of the e-learning learning contents and learning management. The reason to consider the EPUB as the standard for digital textbooks is that digital textbooks don't need to specify antoher standard for the form of books, and can take advantage od industrial base with EPUB standards-rich content and distribution structure (2) digital textbooks should provide a low-cost open market service that are currently available as the standard open software (3) To provide appropriate learning feedback information to students, digital textbooks should provide a foundation which accumulates and manages all the learning activity information according to standard infrastructure for educational Big Data processing. In this study, the digital textbook in a smart education environment was referred to open digital textbook. The components of open digital textbooks service framework are (1) digital textbook terminals such as smart pad, smart TVs, smart phones, PC, etc., (2) digital textbooks platform to show and perform digital contents on digital textbook terminals, (3) learning contents repository, which exist on the cloud, maintains accredited learning, (4) App Store providing and distributing secondary learning contents and learning tools by learning contents developing companies, and (5) LMS as a learning support/management tool which on-site class teacher use for creating classroom instruction materials. In addition, locating all of the hardware and software implement a smart education service within the cloud must have take advantage of the cloud computing for efficient management and reducing expense. The open digital textbooks of smart education is consdered as providing e-book style interface of LMS to learners. In open digital textbooks, the representation of text, image, audio, video, equations, etc. is basic function. But painting, writing, problem solving, etc are beyond the capabilities of a simple e-book. The Communication of teacher-to-student, learner-to-learnert, tems-to-team is required by using the open digital textbook. To represent student demographics, portfolio information, and class information, the standard used in e-learning is desirable. To process learner tracking information about the activities of the learner for LMS(Learning Management System), open digital textbook must have the recording function and the commnincating function with LMS. DRM is a function for protecting various copyright. Currently DRMs of e-boook are controlled by the corresponding book viewer. If open digital textbook admitt DRM that is used in a variety of different DRM standards of various e-book viewer, the implementation of redundant features can be avoided. Security/privacy functions are required to protect information about the study or instruction from a third party UDL (Universal Design for Learning) is learning support function for those with disabilities have difficulty in learning courses. The open digital textbook, which is based on E-book standard EPUB 3.0, must (1) record the learning activity log information, and (2) communicate with the server to support the learning activity. While the recording function and the communication function, which is not determined on current standards, is implemented as a JavaScript and is utilized in the current EPUB 3.0 viewer, ths strategy of proposing such recording and communication functions as the next generation of e-book standard, or special standard (EPUB 3.0 for education) is needed. Future research in this study will implement open source program with the proposed open digital textbook standard and present a new educational services including Big Data analysis.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.43
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• pp.47-78
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• 2021

This study was written to examine the acceptance of pansori in movies based on pansori, and to explore changes in modern society's perception and expectations of pansori. A pansori is getting the love of the upper and lower castes in the late Joseon period, but loses the status at the time of the Japanese colonial rule and Korean War. In response, the country designated pansori as an important intangible cultural asset in 1964 to protect the disappearance of pansori. Until the 1980s, however, pansori did not gain popularity by itself. After the 2000s, Pansori tried to breathe in with the contemporary public due to the socio-cultural demand to globalize our culture. And now Pansori is one of the most popular cultures in the world today, as the pop band Feel the Rhythm of KOREA shows. The changing public perception of pansori and its status in modern society can also be seen in the mass media called movies. This study explored the process of this change with six films based on pansori, from "Seopyeonje" directed by Lim Kwon-taek in 1993 to the film "The Singer" in 2020. First, the films "Seopyeonje" and "Hwimori" were produced in the 1990s. Both of these films show the reality of pansori, which has fallen out of public interest due to the crisis of transmission in the early and mid-20th century. And in the midst of that, he captured the scene of a singer struggling fiercely for the artistic completion of Pansori itself. Next, look at the film "Lineage of the Voice" in 2008 and "DURESORI: The Voice of East" in 2012. These two films depict the growth of children who perform art, featuring contemporary children who play pansori and Korean traditional music. Pansori in these films is no longer an old piece of music, nor is it a sublime art that is completed in harsh training. It is only naturally treated as one of the contemporary arts. Finally, "The Sound of a Flower" in 2015 and "The Singer" in 2020. The two films constructed a story from Pansori's history based on the time background of the film during the late Joseon Dynasty, when Pansori was loved the most by the people. This reflects the atmosphere of the times when traditions are used as the subject of cultural content, and shows the changed public perception of pansori and the status of pansori.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

Objectives : Suryeon-hwan (SRH) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity with an unknown mechanism. However, there has been a lack of studies regarding the effects of SRH on the inflammatory activities and effector inflammatory disease mechanism about macrophage before is not known. So, the investigation focused on whether SRH inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) productions, as well as the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Cells were treated with 200 ng/mL of LPS 30 min prior to the addition of SRH. Cell viability was measured by MTS assay. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by reacting cultured medium with Griess reagent. The content of level of cytokines (PGE, IL-6) in media from LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells was analyed by ELISA kit. The expression of COX-2, iNOS and MAPKs was investigated by Western blot, RT-PCR. Results : We found that SRH inhibited LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$ and IL-6 productions as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Furthermore, SRH suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) activation. Conclusions : These results suggest that SRH has inhibitory effects on LPS-induced $PGE_2$, NO, and IL-6 production, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in the murine macrophage. These inhibitory effects occur through blockades on the phosphorylation of MAPKs following activation.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2000

This paper introduces a new technique that reduces the search times and Improves the accuracy of motion estimation using high temporal and spatial correlation of motion vector. Instead of using the fixed first search Point of previously proposed search algorithms, the proposed method finds more accurate first search point as to compensating searching area using high temporal and spatial correlation of motion vector. Therefore, the main idea of proposed method is to find first search point to improve the performance of motion estimation and reduce the search times. The proposed method utilizes the direction of the same coordinate block of the previous frame compared with a block of the current frame to use temporal correlation and the direction of the adjacent blocks of the current frame to use spatial correlation. Based on these directions, we compute the first search point. We search the motion vector in the middle of computed first search point with two fixed search patterns. Using that idea, an efficient adaptive predicted direction search algorithm (APDSA) for block matching motion estimation is proposed. In the experimental results show that the PSNR values are improved up to the 3.6dB as depend on the Image sequences and advanced about 1.7dB on an average. The results of the comparison show that the performance of the proposed APDSA algorithm is better than those of other fast search algorithms whether the image sequence contains fast or slow motion, and is similar to the performance of the FS (Full Search) algorithm. Simulation results also show that the performance of the APDSA scheme gives better subjective picture quality than the other fast search algorithms and is closer to that of the FS algorithm.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.71-91
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is investigate what effects of counseling program using children's poem on maladapted children in school on the children's self-esteem and school adjustment. For this, counseling programs using children's poem was developed and this counseling sessions were implemented to maladapted children in school and the research question to analyze the effect is as follows. First, what effect does the counseling program using children's poem have on the improvement of self-esteem of the maladapted children in school? Secondly, what effect does the counseling program using children's poem have on the school life of the maladapted children in school? The research target were maladapted children in school who are enrolled in the 4th grade in Elementary school. Through two different case studies, these students were selected after reflecting the opinions of the students' current homeroom teacher, parents, and friends. The counseling program using children's poem were conducted from June 2010 to July 2010, twice a week for a total number of 12 sessions. Each session consisted of 40 minutes and client's change process was explored. Through the counseling program using children's poem, this study collected data and examined the effectiveness of the program through comparing the results of the evaluated results of the language and behavior the target children responded, depth interviews with parents, friends, and teachers, behavior observation checklist, and the pre and post test results of the measurement tools. The results of this study is as follows. First, the counseling program using children's poem improved the self-esteem of the maladjusted child in school. Especially, among the sub-region of self-esteem, it was able to improve the domestic, social and academic self-esteem. Secondly, the counseling program using children's poem had a positive effect on the school adjustment of the maladjusted child in school. Among the sub-region of school adjustment, it had a positive change in the teacher relationships, peer relationships, and attitude. In addition, children's poem which was the reading material for the counseling program using children's poem was proven to work effectively in the counseling progress. Recitation and content of the children's poem promoted self-open of the client and as a result, it had a positive effect on improving relations with the counselor and this became the media that led to a successful counseling session. Therefore, I anticipate that this counseling program using children's poem will be actively used in counseling sessions through applying the results of this study and after revising the program so the counseling program could have a more efficient effect on self-esteem and school adjustment.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2015

A lipase producing bacterium was isolated from button mushroom bed, which showing high clear zone on agar media containing Tributyrin as the substrate. The strain was identified as Burkholderia cepacia by analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequence. Crude lipase (CL) was partially purified from 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation using the culture filtrate of B. cepacia. Immobilized lipases were prepared by cross-linking method with CL from B. cepacia and Novozyme lipase (NL) onto silanized Silica-gel as support. Residual activitiy of the immobilized CL (ICL) and immobilized NL (INL) was maintained upto 61% and 72%, respectively. Biodiesel (Fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) was recovered by transesterification and methanolysis of Canola oil using NaOH, CL and ICL as the catalysts to compare the composition of fatty acids and the yield of FAME. Total FAME content was NaOH $781mg\;L^{-1}$, CL $681mg\;L^{-1}$ and ICL $596mg\;L^{-1}$, in which the highest levels of FAME was observed to 50% oleic acid (C18:1) and 22% stearic acid (C18:0). In addition, the unsaturated FAME (C18:1, C18:2) decreased, while saturated FAME (C16:0, C18:0) increased according to increasing the reaction times with both CL and ICL, supporting CL possess both transesterification and interesterification activity. When reusability of ICL and INL was estimated by using the continuous reaction of 4 cycles, the activity of ICL and INL was respectively maintained 66% and 79% until the fourth reaction.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-48
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• 2010

This study focused on characterizing various factors in order for learners to maintain their interests in learning and to maximize learning effects as the top priority purpose of university e-Learning, on the basis of results of conceptual studies on existing e-Learning and practical studies, and then on examining them practically. It also analyzed which factors would have greater influence on learning effects of e-Learning in general. Moreover, in comparison with existing numerous studies which examined only factor such as learning effects of e-Learning, it analyzed such things in detail according to division into three items such as learning satisfaction, learning transfer and learning recommendation. To achieve such purposes of the study, it characterized and set 3 factors such as learning contents, instructional design and user convenience on the assumption that such factors have a significant influence on learning effects of e-Learning. Moreover, the factor of learning contents includes 3 detailed elements, i.e., learning issue and objective, knowledge information, and consistency and propriety, and the factor of instructional design includes 4 detailed elements, i.e., interest and sympathy, interaction, contents presentation and explanatory strategy. Lastly, the factor of user convenience includes 2 detailed elements such as screen configuration, and check-up of contents and teaching schedule. According to analytical results, it showed all 3 factors such as learning contents, instructional design and user convenience have a significant influence on learning effects of e-Learning(i.e., learning satisfaction, learning transfer and learning recommendation). In more detail, it showed the learning issue and objective from the factor of learning contents have the greatest influence on learning satisfaction of e-Learning. Then, it is the most important to set the learning issue and objective with given priority to learners and set the learning objective estimable, in order to raise the learning satisfaction. It showed the contents presentation from the factor of instructional design on the learning transfer. Therefore, it is the most important to structuralize mutual relation and presentation orders to promote learning systematically and to let learners access to such things, for the purpose of raising the learning transfer. Moreover, it showed the interest and sympathy from the factor of instructional design has the greatest influence on the learning recommendation. Thus, it is the most important to promote learners' interests to the maximum using well-timed media, and to give a lecture enough to arouse learners' sympathy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-141
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for the planning of oral health education and the development of an oral health-promotion program for patients who visited dental clinics by examining how much dental hygienists offered oral health education to adult patients at dental clinics. A parent group was selected, being made up of 1,600 dental hygienists who registered with the Dental Hygienist Association and worked in Seoul. The questionnaire survey was carried out and an ${\chi}^2-test$ was made using the data collected from 218 subjects to determine how their practice of oral health education was different according to certain general characteristics(the sort of organization for which they worked, age, the term of their service, and the mean number of patients per day). As a result, the following findings were obtained: 1. Thees general characteristics made the following differences to the content of oral health, education: The sort of organization for which the subjects worked made a significant difference in the following tooth brushing instruction (p<0.05), the effect of oral prophylaxis or education about aftereffects (p<0.05), the regular examination of prosthesis (p<0.05), smoking-prohibition education (p<0.05), and the prevention poor-quality fillings (p<0.01). The mean number of patients per day made significant differences to the regular examination of prosthesis (p<0.05) and the prevention poor-quality fillings (p<0.01). But no significant disparity was generated by age or the term of service. 2. The general characteristics made the following differences to education about nutrition and diet counseling: The sort of organization for which the subjects worked had a significant effect just on the importance of a balanced menu (p<0.05). Age made significant differences in advice for vitamin, mineral, protein or other nutrients (p<0.01), and the importance of balanced menu (p<0.001). The term of service made significant differences in the importance of balanced menu (p<0.01), and advice for nutrients including vitamin, mineral or protein (p<0.01). 3. The general characteristics made the following differences to the recommendation and use of oral hygiene aids: The sort of oragnization for which they worked made significant differences only to a gingival massager and water pick (p<0.05). No significant difference was produced by age, the term of service or the mean number of patients per day. 4. The use of educational media for oral health was different according to the general characteristics: The use of pamphlets or booklets significantly varied depending on the organization for which they worked and with the mean number of patients per day (p<0.05). The use of slides or slide projectors was significantly affected by age (p<0.05). But no significant disparity was yielded by the term of service. 5. The general characteristics made the following difference as to whether a continued oral management system was carried out or not: The sort of organization for which they worked had very a significant effect on this result (p<0.001), and no significant disparity was made by age, the term of service or the mean number of patients per day. 6. The place where oral health education was giver differed according to the following general characteristics: The sort of organization for which they worked made very a significant difference as to the use of an examination room's dental unit chair or waiting room (p<0.01), and to the use of an oral health education room or reception counter (p<0.001). The term of service had a significant effect on the use of a counseling room (p<0.01). And the mean number of patients per day made significant differences in the use of a dental unit chair or reception counter (p<0.05), and to the use of an oral health education room or waiting room (p<0.01).

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.925-934
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• 2016

For students, astronomy is not only interesting but also difficult to learn. However, there is a limit in learning astronomy in a school science setting since astronomy is vast subject. Fortunately, science museums can be helpful in overcoming this limitation. Experiences in science museum provide something that any descriptions or illustrations cannot give. Therefore, to maximize the educational effect, it is necessary to look at astronomical exhibits regarding the educational aspects and complement them. For these reasons, the purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of exhibitions related to astronomy and how much the exhibitions reflect the contents of their science curricula. We selected famous science museums in Korea, America, and Japan and analyzed characteristics of their astronomy exhibition. We analyze these characteristics in the aspects of exhibition technology & media, presentation method and activity types. Also, this study figures out how content of exhibitions are connected to school science curriculum. The results are summarized as follows: First, Science Museums of America and Japan utilize interactive exhibits to raise participation. It implies that Science Museum of Korea needs Interactive Exhibits that provide a realistic experience of the universe. Second, the astronomy exhibits reflect some of the learning elements of their science curricula concerned with astronomy. However, these astronomical contents are included selectively and not according to their required curriculum. It means that many students lack the opportunity to study Astronomy in their schools. Therefore, the astronomy museum must reflect learning elements of science curricula concerned with astronomy in the exhibits.