• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.90-103
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• 1998

The purposes of this study are to estimate the economic value and reasonable entrance fee of the Yeido Park, which is under construction in Seoul, by conduct the face-to-face interview. A total of 645 daults were selected by two stage cluster sampling. The senario was designed to meet the requirements for doubgle-bounded dichotomous choice CVM, and distributed with the photograph to epict and compare the current and suggested conditions. A donation vehicle and entrance fee were utilized to find the possibility of strategic behaviors and protest zero, and to make the data estimatable tfor interval censored survival analysis. Date was calibrated by the survival analysis to eleminate the 'fat-tail problem'. Weibull distribution was assumed as a baseline distrubution. The mean WTP of donation and entrance fee was ￦5,281 and ￦783, respectively. The economic value of this park was determined by aggregating the mean value, giving a total WTP for the population of ￦36,861,645,000. This economic value was composed with the use value and existence value. The calibrationi of the Weibull proportional hazard model showed that nearness to the park, age, intention to isit the park, and educational attainment were significant independent variable to influence an amount of donation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.422-431
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• 2003

The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a stimulator of erythropoiesis, banned in sports because of the medical risk associated with thrombosis. Due to analytical difficulties to differentiate between natural human EPO (hEPO) and rhEPO, blood parameters of erythropoiesis such as contents of hemoglobin (cut-off value <17.5 g/d l for man, and < 16.0 g/dl for women), hematocrit and reticulocytes (cut-off value <2.0%) were measured to focus the misuse of rhEPO. We conducted anti-doping test for 122 blood samples of the World Cup athletes. The mean values of key parameters are as follows; 14.5$\pm$1.0 g/dl for hemoglobin, 41.7$\pm$2.8% for hematocrit, and 1.3$\pm$0.4% for reticulocyte. Blood sample was found to be stable up to 8 hours for the reticulocyte measurement. In addition, the soluble transferrin receptor and ferritin levels were measured by immunoassay methods using plasma samples (n=28) in which the mean value was 0.8$\pm$0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 54.6$\pm$33.7 ng/$m\ell$, respectively. The results indicate that all samples tested were negative for the blood parameters of indirect anti-doping test for hEPO misuse. The statistical evaluation suggest that several other parameters such as red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and white blood cell could be considered as factors influencing hEPO function in addition to five parameters mentioned.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2003

The concept of performance based seismic design has been gradually accepted by the earthquake engineering profession recently, in which the cost-effectiveness criterion is one of the most important principles and more attention is paid to the structural performance at the inelastic stage. Since there are many uncertainties in seismic design, reliability analysis is a major task in performance based seismic design. However, structural reliability analysis may be very costly and time consuming because the limit state function is usually a highly nonlinear implicit function with respect to the basic design variables, especially for the complex large-scale structures for dynamic and nonlinear analysis. Understanding statistical properties of the structural inelastic deformation, which is the aim of the present paper, is helpful to develop an efficient approximate approach of reliability analysis. The present paper studies the statistical properties of the maximum elastoplastic story drift of steel frames subjected to earthquake load. The randomness of earthquake load, dead load, live load, steel elastic modulus, yield strength and structural member dimensions are considered. Possible probability distributions for the maximum story are evaluated using K-S test. The results show that the choice of the probability distribution for the maximum elastoplastic story drift of steel frames is related to the mean value of the maximum elastoplastic story drift. When the mean drift is small (less than 0.3%), an extreme value type I distribution is the best choice. However, for large drifts (more than 0.35%), an extreme value type II distribution is best.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.2 s.111
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• pp.172-189
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of ambivalent consumption appeared in the purchase behavior of apparel products by the 4Ps element of marketing mix and to clarify the relation between consumption value and clothing involvement that were the antecedent variable. Among the 4Ps element of marketing mix, brand was selected in the exterior criteria of products, and fashionability was selected in the internal criteria of products. Meanwhile, it was considered that there were no objects of conflicted or ambivalent criteria in the element of promotion. Finally, brand, fashionability, price, place, etc. were selected as the elements of marketing. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 550 subjects from Jun, 8th, 2006 to Jun, 22nd, 2006; 507 were used for the data analysis. The results from data analysis were following: firstly, it was identified that ambivalent consumption showed up, as the result from measuring the individual conflicting consumption by elements. Brand was the highest in the frequency of ambivalent consumption among the elements of marketing mix, and price, place, and fashionability were followed. Secondly, by product characteristics, the frequency of ambivalent consumption of casual shirt, group II, was lower than that of mountain climbing jacket, group III, in the brand element and the price element. Thirdly, as the results from conducting factorial analysis to consumption value, it had 5 dimensions, which were practical value, distinguishable/aesthetic value, conspicuous value, social/confirmative value, and enjoyable value. Also clothing involvement was classified into 4 dimensions of emotion, fashionability, symbolic and brand involvement in the result from conducting the factorial analysis to clothing involvement. Fourthly, the mean of ambivalent consuming group by each element was highest among that of other consuming groups in all the dimensions. Fifthly, ambivalent consuming group had the highest mean among other consuming groups in all the dimension of clothing involvement, such as emotion, fashionability, and symbolic by each element of marketing mix, and it means that overall, ambivalent consuming group is highly involved in all the dimension of clothing involvement.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 1999

Purpose : A new method of lateral cephalometric analysis for midface, focusing on zygomatic bone, was created in this study, and measured in Korean adults. The purposes of this study are understanding about new approach for midfacial depression, especially zygomatic bone, and using to make adequate diagnosis and treatment plan. Materials and methods : In this study, esthetic Korean adults, 25 males and 25 females who were between $0^{\circ}$ and $4^{\circ}$ in ${\angle}ANB$, and between 62% and 70% in P/A facial height ratio, and had normal overbite and overjet, were used. Orbitale(Or) and Soft tissue orbitale(Or') were used for indicators of anteroposterior position of zygomatic area. And, mean value and standard deviation of linear and angular measurements, and ratio about each linear measurements, were obtained. then, standard deviation diagram - wiggle diagram - was made for visualization of results. Results : Mean values, standard deviations and ranges of 19 measurements were obtained, and among them, 5 linear measurements that had large standard deviation were excluded and the others were used for making standard deviation diagram. In standard deviation diagram, the following results were obtained. 1. If the measurements are located on more left side of mean-value-vertical -line, the potential of midfacial hypoplasia are stronger, especially zygomatic area. 2. If the measurements are located on more right side of mean-value-vertical-line, the potential of midfacial hypoplasia are decreased. Conclusion : This study presented a new method of lateral cephalometric analysis focusing on zygomatic bone in Korean adults. We expect that the results of this study can be used as parameter when clinicians make decisions about diagnosis and treatment plan for rehabilitation of esthetics and function. But, it is necessary to prove its usefulness, and to further evaluate the results.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.293-300
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to measure preservice teachers' perceptions of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The researcher analyzed responses on the TPACK scale of 307 students in A University located in Chungcheongbuk-do. During the statistical analysis, IBM SPSS 21 program was used to implement Independent Samples T-test, One-way Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Regression Analysis (Enter method). The results are as follows. First, for the mean difference by gender, the mean of female students was higher than that of male students in Pedagogical Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Second, for the mean difference by grade level, the mean of the 1^st, 3^rd and 4^th graders was higher than that of the 2^nd graders in the Content Knowledge at a statistically significant level. Third, toward Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge of .11 beta value, Pedagogical Content Knowledge of .11 beta value, and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge of .715 beta value were found to be statistically significant predictors. Finally, the researcher discussed development of the TPACK implementation manual and workbook and provision of various technology practice opportunities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to analyze 'the natural groupings' of subjects in order to classify highly similar somatotype for clothing construction. The sample for the study was drawn randomly out of senior high school boys in Seoul urban area. The sample size was 425 boys between age 16 and 18. Cluster analysis was more concerned with finding the hierarchical structure of subjects by three dimensional distance of stature. bust girth and sleeve length. The groups forming a partition can be subdivided into 5 and 6 sets by the hierarchical tree of the given subjects. Ward's Minimum Variance Method was applied after extraction of distance matrix by the Standardized Euclidean Distance. All of the above data was analyzed by the computer installed at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. The major findings, take for instance, of 16 age group can be summarized as follows. The results of cluster analysis of this study: 1. Cluster 1 (32 persons means $18.29\%$ of the total) is characterized with smaller bust girth than that of cluster 5, but stature and sleeve length of the cluster 1 are the largest group. 2. Cluster 2 (18 Persons means $10.29\%$ of the total) is characterized with the group of the smallest stature and sleeve length, but bust girth larger than that of cluster 3. 3. Cluster 3(35persons means $20\%$ of the total) is classified with the smallest group of all the stature, bust girth and sleeve length. 4. Cluster 4(60 persons means $34.29\%$ of the total) is grouped with the same value of sleeve length with the mean value of 16 age group, but the stature and bust girth is smaller than the mean value of this age group. 5. Cluster 5(30 persons means $17.14\%$ of the total) is characterized with smaller stature than that of cluster 1, and with larger bust girth than that of cluster 1, but with the same value of the sleeve length with the mean value of the 16 age group.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

In the paper, considers the design of a detection system, consisting of n identical detectors, to process the sum of spatially invariant signal fields $S_\jmath(t)$, an additive, homogeneous, spatially isotropic (in the array plane x). covariance_separable, and zero_mean Gaussian random noise field n(t, x). consisting of arrey receivers for use in optical communication through optimum turbulence atmosphers and covriance_circuit, staistical analysis through detection the maximum gain are compared with analysis theoretical analysis theoretical value and get through experimental measured value, as well the measured valus are confirmed to agreement joint Gaussian theoretical curves.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1151-1158
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• 2000

Combustion analysis based on cylinder-pressure provides a mechanism through which a combustion researcher can understand the combustion process. The objective of this paper was to identify the most significant sources of cycle-to-cycle combustion variability in a spark ignition engine at idle. To analyse the cyclic variation in a test engine, the burn parameters are determined on a cycle-to-cycle basis through the analysis of the engine pressure data. The burn rate analysis program was used here and the burn parameters were used to determine the variations in the input parameter-i. e., fuel, air, and residual mass. In this study, we investigated the relationship of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), coefficient of variation (COV) of IMEP, burn angles, and lowest normalized value (LNV) in a spark ignition engine in a view of cyclic variations.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.273-276
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• 2008

Equivalent linear method indirectly reflects a variation of shear modulus(G/Gmax) and damping ratio $(\xi)$ by selects mean value of every response analysis. Existing equivalent linear method does not properly consider variation of shear strain along frequencies and uses mean value. Real dynamic soil behavior is affected by shear stiffness and damping ratio. Modified equivalent linear method is developed to consider variation. Modified equivalent linear method can reflects high strain at low frequency and low strain at high frequency by using an easement curve. This study presents propriety of method by case study.