• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2021

The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has brought to light the importance of having a reliable supply of masks for each person. This study aims to understand the effect of personal awareness (including community, others', and safety awareness) on consumption conformity and the repurchase intention of masks. The research method used the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 statistical systems to analyze descriptive statistics in terms of reliability, validity, structural equation modeling, and moderated regression analysis. A total of 272 Chinese participants were recruited via an online survey website (www.sojump.com) from May 1 to May 14, 2020. Findings indicated that mask users' awareness can be categorized into three distinct types: community, others', and safety awareness. The more community and safety awareness is perceived, the higher the level of consumption conformity. In contrast, others' has no statistical effect on consumption conformity or repurchase intention. The positive influence of consumption conformity on the repurchase intention of masks is also weaker than price perception. However, another moderating variable, mask quality, has no moderating effect. The results of this study can help mask manufacturers and distributors retain their customers, resulting in reasonable protective measures while maintaining market order. Theoretical and managerial implications for mask suppliers are also provided.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2015

Through silicon via (TSV) technology holds the promise of chip-to-chip or chip-to-package interconnections for higher performance with reduced signal delay and power consumption. It includes high aspect ratio silicon etching, insulation liner deposition, and seamless metal filling. The desired etch profile should be straightforward, but high aspect ratio silicon etching is still a challenge. In this paper, we investigate the use of etch hard mask for finer TSVs etching to have clear definition of etched via pattern. Conventionally employed photoresist methods were initially evaluated as reference processes, and oxide and metal hard mask were investigated. We admit that pure metal mask is rarely employed in industry, but the etch result of metal mask support why hard mask are more realistic for finer TSV etching than conventional photoresist and oxide mask.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.851-861
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• 2013

This study analyzed the fashionable characteristics of functional fashion mask types. This study reviewed the literature on masks and analyzed fashion photos found in fashion books, fashion collections and on internet fashion sites. The results were categorized into four characteristics. Integration of structure and function showed mask designs that connected to the hood and portable items. It represented the reflection of nomadic life, liberation, obscurity and the consciousness of discomfort. Signs of playfulness showed mask hybrids and animal images, the mask hybrids and humanoid images, the printing of animal characters, body parts and unusual material hybrids. It represented the liberation from a fixed identity, the loss of seriousness, the reduction of tension and the pursuit of pleasure and freedom. The duplicity of aggression and protection showed a futuristic or aggressive helmet facemask, an enclosed mask of intensive color, and the morphological hybrid of a disgusting or aggressive motif. It represented the end of human weakness, the desire of new self-expression and the longing of superhuman power. Fanciful decoration showed masks with glittery decoration, sunglasses with luxury decoration material, a medical facemask made of lace material and fanciful printing. It showed one facet of extreme consumption, the creation of new personality and value, the pursuit of high quality and a mutual coexistence of status and anonymity.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2021

Because of the COVID-19 epidemic, many countries have made the obligation to wear masks normal. Wearing masks in public places has become a must. At present, wearing a mask to participate in sports makes it very common. People seek to gain health through exercise but ignore the potential respirato-ry health threat. That is, wearing a mask will cause a decrease in oxygen content in the body. This neg-ative impact becomes more prominent as the wear-ing time and oxygen consumption increase. To pro-tect people from viruses and enjoy a healthy life. This paper proposes a breathing pattern that im-proves blood oxygen saturation while wearing a jogging mask and walking. Namely, shouting breathing pattern. Use a pulse oximeter to measure the blood oxygen saturation of running at different speeds and compare the normal breathing pattern and the shouting breathing pattern. The results show that the shouting breathing pattern has a sig-nificant improvement in the blood oxygen satura-tion of low-speed walking and medium-speed jog-ging.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.862-872
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• 2020

This study explores the effects of facemasks on respiratory, thermoregulatory, cardiovascular responses during exercise on a treadmill and at rest. Five male subjects (25.8 ± 0.8 y, 171.8 ± 9.2 cm in height, 79.8 ± 28.1 kg in weight) participated in the following five experimental conditions: no mask, KF80, KF94, KF99, and N95. Inhalation resistance was ranked as KF80 < KF94 < N95 < KF99 and dead space inside a mask was ranked as KF80 = KF94 < N95 < KF99. The surface area covered by a mask was on average 1.1% of the total body surface area. The results showed no significant differences in body core temperature, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), heart rate or subjective perception among the five experimental conditions; however, cheek temperature, respiratory ventilation and blood pressure were greater for KF80 or KF94 conditions when compared to KF99 or N95 conditions (p<0.05). The differences among mask conditions are attributed to the dead space or specific designs (cup type vs pleats type) rather than the filtration level. In addition, the results suggest that improving mask design can help mitigate respiratory resistance from increased filtration.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2023

Purpose: As SARS-CoV-2, which was the main cause of the global pandemic, has repeatedly mutated in various forms, the threat of the virus has decreased considerably, and the spread has also subsided. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the change in the role of masks and sustainable mask consumption according to the change in perception of wearing masks during the pandemic. Research design, data and methodology: This study used a descriptive review method as a literature review, and utilized the literature search method in PubMed, Riss, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Among them, a total of 46 papers were selected in the final stage. Results: As a result, it can be seen that during the pandemic, masks changed their roles according to social trends as their perceptions changed from general perceptions of protecting from external environments or diseases to fashion items with quarantine functions. Conclusions: Masks will be continuously consumed as one of the fashion items with the function of quarantine that protects the respiratory tract from the external environment that is indispensable in our daily lives. Therefore, measures should be taken on sustainable consumption measures according to consumer demand for disposable masks.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2019

본 연구는 최근 중국 뷰티 시장 내 마스크팩 판매율 10위권내를 차지하고 있는 한국 마스크팩에 대한 중국인들의 인식, 선택속성, 만족도를 조사하여 향 후 한국 마스크팩의 국외 시장 진출을 위한 마케팅 자료를 제공 하고자 하였다. 연구결과 한류에 대한 인식정도, 특히 연예 음악 선호는 한국 마스크팩 선택속성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(${\beta}=.323$, p<.05). 또 만족도, 재구매 의도 모두 한류의 영향이 매우 크게 작용한 것으로 나타났고 중국여성들의 소비증가와 사회진출로 인한 외모관리도 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 아직 한국 상품의 안전성과 효능에 대한 신뢰가 확립되지 못하고 있어 향 후 이러한 기술 부분의 개선과 국내 화장품 회사들의 구체적인 대안이 마련된다면 우리나라 K-뷰티 산업은 중국뿐 아니라 국내외 시장에서 더욱 활성화 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1981

PMOS집적기술을 이용하여 512-Bit mask programmable ROM을 설계하고 제작하였다. ROM의 내용은 제작공정에서 gate pattern으로 기억시켰으며 chip의 출력을 512(32×16)개의 점의 행렬로써 오실로스코프에 나타내어 확인하였다. 제작된 chip은 -6V와 - l2V의 범위에서 정상적으로 동작하였다 소모전력과 전달지연시간은 -6V에서 각각 3mW와 13μsec였다. -12V에서는 소모전력이 27mW로 증가하였으며 전달지연시간은 3μsec로 감소하였다. Chip의 출력은 TTL gate의 인력을 직접 구동시킬 수 있었으며 chip select에 의하여 출력을 disable 시켰을 때는 높은 임피던스 상태를 유지하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2010

The effects of unripe apple mask pack made from unripe apple extracts on the skin status of middle-aged women for 4 weeks were investigated. The subjects were divided into three groups: placebo mask pack as the control (PM, n = 8), apple mask pack (AM, n = 16), and apple mask pack + apple intake (AAM, n = 12). The study included a survey questionnaire, and evaluations of nutrients intakes and of skin status. Skin status was measured by Aramo-TS. After 4 weeks, facial moisture, elasticity, evenness, and wrinkle level were improved in AM and AAM. The facial moisture level (AM: $+3.13\;{\pm}\;2.73$, AAM: $+2.25\;{\pm}\;2.93$) and elasticity level (AM: $+5.81\;{\pm}\;8.27$, AAM: $+5.50\;{\pm}\;6.13$) of AM (p < 0.001) and AAM (p < 0.05) were increased. The facial evenness level (AM: $-5.25\;{\pm}\;8.13$, AAM: $-9.17\;{\pm}\;4.26$) and wrinkle level (AM: $-10.88\;{\pm}\;11.74$, AAM: $-17.83\;{\pm}\;12.22$) were significantly decreased. AAM was more effective in improving skin elasticity, evenness, and wrinkle. The skin status of PM was not changed. While the macronutrient intakes of all the subjects were not different before and after the study, the daily intakes of some vitamins (vitamins $B_6$, C, and E and folic acid) during the study were significantly increased in AAM. These findings suggested that regular use of apple mask pack was effective in improving overall skin status. Furthermore, the consumption of apples with mask pack application was much better in improving skin status.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정을 이용하여 WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network)용 IR-UWB(Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band) RF 송수신기를 제안한다. 설계된 송수신기는 3-5GHz UWB low band를 지원하며 OOK(On-Off Keying) 변조 방식을 사용한다. 수신기는 복잡도와 소모 전력을 줄이기 위해서 비동기식 에너지 검출 방식을 사용하였다. 원하지 않는 잡음을 제거하고 감도를 개선하기 위하여 RF active notch filter가 내장되어 있다. VCO 기반의 수신기는 switch mechanism을 사용하였다. 사용된 switch mechanism은 소모 전력을 줄이고 VCO leakage를 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한, 중심주파수가 변해도 항상 동일한 spectrum mask를 가진다. 측정된 수신기의 감도는 3.5 GHz의 중심주파수에서 1.579 Mbps의 전송 속도를 가질 때 -84.1 dBm을 가진다. 송신기와 수신기는 각각 0.3 nJ/bit, 41 mW의 소모 전력을 사용한다.