• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.137-150
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of clothing color and exposure on stereotype formation of female appearance. The subjects for the research survey were 418 male and female university students in Taejon, Korea. The measuring instruments were a self-administered questionnaire and six written scripts which described a woman wearing clothing manipulated by clothing color and exposure variables. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis, T-test, crosstabs analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this study were as follows. First, three dimensions (global image, appearance inference, and appearance evaluation) emerged from the subject responses. Clothing exposure had the greatest impact upon the stereotype formation of female appearance. The woman wearing exposed clothing was rated as 'sexy', 'confident', and 'glamorous' whereas the same woman wearing unexposed clothing was rated as 'slim', 'humdrum', 'ladylike', and 'neat'. Second, the gender of the subject played a role in forming stereotypes of women's appearance. The male subjects rated the woman wearing exposed clothing as 'sexy' and 'glamorous' whereas the 1em81e subjects rated the same woman as 'slim' and 'pretty'. Third, the male subjects evaluated the woman wearing expend clothing in much more negative terms than the female subjects did, indicating that men tended to use 'modesty' to evaluate the woman whereas women tended to use 'fashion trend' in addition to 'modesty' as the important criteria when assessing women dressed in exposed clothing. Fourth, the subjects judged the woman wearing exposed clothing to be an entertainer or prostitute in her early 20s. On the other hand, the subjects judged the woman wearing unexposed clothing to be either a university student or a professional business women in her mid 20s.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.133-139
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• 2019

This study investigated the effect of gender stereotypes, majors subject satisfaction, and self-leadership in male nursing students. Data was collected from October 1, 2018 to December 10, 2018, enrolling male nursing university students attending four nursing departments located at G-province. Data were analyzed by frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, correlation analysis, and ANOVA, by applying the SPSS 22.0 program. Results of this study reveal the average gender stereotype of male nursing students to be $1.31{\pm}0.17$, average of major subject satisfaction $2.95{\pm}0.51$, and self-leadership $2.98{\pm}0.43$. Analyzing the characteristics of variables according to general characteristics revealed that major satisfaction scores are higher for students who think positively about school and major, have higher grades, and choose their major after considering their aptitude. Self-leadership was higher with age and school year, and among students who selected their major after considering future employment opportunities. This study aims to provide basic data for male nursing university students to help them to adapt well in the field of nursing.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.53-94
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• 2021

This article pays attention to the gender representation of an abominable male abject that reveal class polarization in the movie Parasite. I seeks to read a new aspect of emotional politics in which a precariat man becomes a male patriarch while representing himself with an abhorrent position. Parasite shows a reversal of daughter and son responsible for parents, contrary to the existing family narrative. They teaches the parents' generation how to survive neoliberal that their place is created only when they take away others' place. However, after losing this prospect, Ki-woo confesses to his father that he is sorry first. Ki-taek also attempted to identify Dong-ik with the patriarch, but this male solidarity collapsed by class and committed murder in sudden anger. As a result, Gi-taek goes down to the hateful status of a stinking underground life, and Ki-woo receives a message of ethical reflection from his isolated father. The film gives the father and son the noble status of ethical fighter who fought against the structure of class polarization, especially the ending epilogue and narration emphasizing the ethical responsibility and mutual solidarity between father and son. In this process, the voices of female characters are gradually omitted, blurring gender screening for male characters. Parasite reveals the political reenactment strategy of precariat men in the age of neoliberalism, which is ethical subject by claiming to be a class abject himself. And representing the hate with gender-selecting, it is beautifying the responsible ethics of the patriarch.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.255-269
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• 2008

The study is to investigate how much middle-aged male worker's life stress affect their psychological well-being. The subject group was 223 male workers aged from 40 to 59 with a wife and children. The results are as follows: 1) the middle-aged male workers perceive an economic life stress as a most stressful problem, and mostly use a 'direct-positive' coping behavior(CB) type to settle the stress among 4 stress CB types. 2) Economic life and marital stress, 'indirect-active' and 'direct-active' CB give deep effects on their life satisfaction. 3) The effecting factors on their depression are work stress, marital stress, health stress, a 'direct-passive', an 'indirect-active', an 'indirect-passive' CB and their income. In order to increase their life satisfaction and to decrease their depression, concludingly, it is most significant for them to have a strong marital relationship and actively cope with life stress.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 1996

Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) of Horne & Ostberg(1976) was translated into a Korean version, and MEQ and life habit inventory was administrated with approximately 900 university students. The distribution of MEQ score was normal. Arising time and bedtine for weekdays and holidays came in the order of morning type, intermediate and evening-type. And the deviation for the evening-type was greatest. Also, the deviation of sleep length for the evening-type was greater than the morning- type. There were tendencies that the bed time and arising time of the male were slightly later than those of the female, and the sleep length of the male was a little longer than that of the female. It also appeared that the arising time was later in the male who completed the military services than those who did not in the chronotype. And the sleep length of the non-served male was longer than that of the served one. Such tendencies noticeably appeared especially the evening-type. The evening-type was subject to heavy variability in bedtime. arising time, and sleep length. The sleep latency of the evening- type was longer and mood on arising was worse. And the ratio of nap or light sleep was higher in these subjects than in others. These results suggested that evening-type students had more irregular and/or flexible sleep-wake habits than the morning-type.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 1994

By the research of the actual state of food consciousness as the object of male, female 421 college students by major, non-major in food dietetics, the results are as follows. The validity degree of the guestion article appeared at the analysis of the knowledge of nutrition(the figure of Cronbach "${\alpha}$" overall 0.58, major 0.62, non-major 0.57). In the interest degree about nutrition knowledge of the major students were significant(P<0.05), but the non-major students were not significant, and there was a difference between two groups of the male and female, major and non-major students in the information about knowledge. The knowledge of the major students mostly get from school education, non-major from mass communication as TV and rodio, etc. There was not significant difference in self-consciousness degree of health of all the male, female students by major, non-major, and the self-consciousness degree about health of should not be significant to the food habit. Therefore deviating from acquirement of nutrition knowledge by the wrong medium of food consciousness of home dietary life, improvement plans should be activated for the right knowledge to practice in actual life. Taking the opportunity of food and nutrition education through literary subject in the curriculum of the college for students, good food consciousness must be properly applied all the part of dietary life, and it is urgent for them to carry out scientific and reasonable curriculum and educational material development.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.63-77
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and objectified body consciousness on male consumer' appearance management behavior. The subjects were 648 males aged from 20 to 59 years old, and the questionnaire consisted of sociocultural attitude toward appearance, objectified body consciousness, appearance management behavior, and subject' demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results were as follows. Three dimensions(appearance importance awareness, slimness importance awareness, and internalization) were emerged on sociocultural attitude toward appearance. Three dimensions(body shame, body surveillance, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness. Five dimensions(skin, hair, body, fashion, and plastic surgery management) were emerged on appearance management behavior. In sociocultural attitude toward appearance dimensions, appearance importance awareness and internalization had important effects on appearance management behavior. In objectified body consciousness dimensions, body shame and control belief had important effects on appearance management behavior. This results concluded that sociocultural attitude toward appearance and objectified body consciousness are important variables to understand on male consumer' appearance management behavior.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.89-107
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of academic difficulties of middle school students and their influences variables in technology subject. The subjects of this study were middle school students in the whole country. A total of 420 students were selected considering the grade and area for the survey. The data were collected by mail and analyzed using SPSS 22.0K. The results of this study were as follows : First, The academic difficulties perceived by middle school students in the technology subject were recognized as normal. Second, Middle school students perceived it as a lack of experience (opportunity) in the technology domain as a cause of academic difficulties. Third, In the learning process, the female students were more difficult to understand the related terms and theories than the male students. In the problem solving activities, the female students were more difficult than the male students in identifying problems, designing solutions, selecting solutions, modeling, testing solutions, and correcting improvements. Fourth, the academic difficulty in learning technology lesson was difficult in terms of terminology, theory, and practice activities in the order of Second, Third, and 1st grade. Fifth, lack of understanding knowledge, confusion of contents knowledge, lack of technical interest, shortage of class hours, lack of understanding of evaluation criteria were all influenced by the difficulty of technical subject learning. Sixth, the academic difficulty influencing the problem solving process was explained by understanding comprehension, content knowledge confusion, technical interest, class time, understanding of evaluation criteria.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.423-431
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the influence of nursing image and nursing as a major, on the professionalism of male nursing students. Totally, 180 male nursing students having experience in clinical practice from B and U cities, were enrolled as subjects. Data were collected from 15th November to 15th December, 2016. Analysis by t-test, ANOVA & Scheff's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression revealed a mean score of nursing image at 3.95, major satisfaction score of 3.90, and nursing professionalism score of 3.79. The degree of professional awareness amongst the participants was statistically and significantly different, depending on their year of study and the person who had recommended nursing as a career option. Nursing professionalism was highly correlated with the nursing image, and moderately correlated with satisfaction of nursing as a major subject. Results also indicated that 60.6% results indicating nursing professionalism were most significantly influenced by two factors: the image of the nurse, followed by satisfaction of nursing as major. We conclude that to improve the nursing professionalism of male students requires education and strategy to improve their nursing image, and career education and guidance that focuses towards greater satisfaction for their selected major subject.