• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to test if 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) are involved in the osmoregulatory actions in euryhaline starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. We investigated osmoregulatory parameters ($Na^+,\;Cl^-$ and osmolality), blood cortisol and glucose in starry flounder acclimated to seawater (SW, 33 psu) and that were transferred and allowed to acclimate to freshwater (FW, 0 psu). Fish in SW were injected with T3 (5, 10, and $15{\mu}g$/g body weight) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl), and then transferred to FW. They were sampled 3 days after the transfer. With T3 at $10{\mu}g$/g, levels of plasma $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ were significantly higher than in sham (only saline) and control fish (without hormone and saline). Osmolality was significantly higher after injection with T3 at 10 and $15{\mu}g$/g than in the control. However, T3 at $5{\mu}g$/g had no effect on hyper-osmoregulation. In this study, all dose of T3 induced a significant increases in plasma cortisol without glucose. These results suggest a positive hyper-osmoregulatory role of T3 in starry flounder to hypoosmotic environment, maybe a positive interaction of T3 with cortisol for maintenance of hyper-osmoregulatory ability.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.453-460
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• 2017

This study proposes effective quality control and maintenance method by developing a new qualitative evaluation method of apron for medical radiation protection. As an experimental material, one of 0.45 mm lead and 100 of 0.45 mm Pb aprons were used and irradiated under the conditions of a tube voltage of 75 kVp and a tube current of 12.5 mAs to obtain an image. and using the Image J program, PSNR values were compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were 40 aprons (less than 11dB), 55 aprons (less than 11dB, less than 30dB), and 5 aprons (30dB or more). In addition, the dose showed a normal distribution for the apron, and 5 aprons with PSNR less than 11dB and 30dB or more were selected and divided into 8 zones, and these groups were statistically significant.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2012

In order to dispose of the LILW(low and intermediate level radioactive waste) stored at KAERI, the radwaste drum assay system will be introduced to evaluate the radioisotopes inventory of stored drums. At present, the construction project of the dedicated assay facility to operate it and carry out routine maintenance of that equipment has been conducting at the radwaste treatment facility. Since that facility will be constructed in front of a 1st radwaste storage facility as well as the radwaste drums to be assayed and the transmission source in the radwaste drum assay system are in that facility, they could act as the radioactive sources and then, would affect the dose rate at the inside and the outside of the facility. Therefore, the radiation shielding should be evaluated through the concrete wall near to the radioactive sources whether the wall thickness is sufficient against the regulations. In this study, the radiation safety for the concrete wall around the radiation controlled area in the radwaste drum assay facility was evaluated by the MCNP code. From the evaluation results, the thickness of those concrete walls which are under consideration of about 30 cm was enough to shield the radiation from the radioactive sources.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2015

Digital Radiography is a big part of diagnostic radiology. Because uncorrected digital radiography image supported false effect of Patient's health care. We must be manage the correct digital radiography image. Thus, the artifact images can have effect to make a wrong diagnosis. We report types of occurrence by analyzing the artifacts that occurs in digital radiography system. We had collected the artifacts occurred in digital radiography system of general hospital from 2007 to 2014. The collected data had analyzed and then had categorize as the occurred causes. The artifacts could be categorized by hardware artifacts, software artifacts, operating errors, system artifacts, and others. Hardware artifact from a Ghost artifact that is caused by lag effect occurred most frequently. The others cases are the artifacts caused by RF noise and foreign body in equipments. Software artifacts are many different types of reasons. The uncorrected processing artifacts and the image processing error artifacts occurred most frequently. Exposure data recognize (EDR) error artifacts, the processing error of commissural line, and etc., the software artifacts were caused by various reasons. Operating artifacts were caused when the user didn't have the full understanding of the digital medical image system. System artifacts had appeared the error due to DICOM header information and the compression algorithm. The obvious artifacts should be re-examined, and it could result in increasing the exposure dose of the patient. The unclear artifact leads to a wrong diagnosis and added examination. The ability to correctly determine artifact are required. We have to reduce the artifact occurrences by understanding its characteristic and providing sustainable education as well as the maintenance of the equipments.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1998

The maintenance of a viable pregnancy has long been viewed as an immunological paradox. The deveolping embryo and trophoblast are immunologically foreign to the maternal immune system due to their maternally inherited genes products and tissue-specific differentiation antigens (Hill & Anderson, 1988). Therefore, speculation has arisen that spontaneous abortion may be caused by impaired maternal immune tolerance to the semiallogenic conceptus (Hill, 1990). Loss of recall antigen has been reported in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and is associated with graft survival (Muluk et al., 1991; Schulik et al., 1994). Progesterone $(10^{-5}M)$ has immunosuppressive capabilities (Szekeres-Bartho et al., 1985). Previous study showed that fertile women, but not women with unexplained recurrent abortion (URA), lose their immune response to recall antigens when pregnant (Bermas & Hill, 1997). Therefore, we hypothesized that immunosuppressive doses of progesterone may affect proliferative response of lymphocytes to trophoblast antigen and alloantigen. Proliferative responses using $^3H$-thymidine ($^3H$-TdR) incorporation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to the irradiated allogeneic periperal blood mononuclear cells as alloantigen, trophoblast extract and Flu as recall antigen, and PHA as mitogen were serially checked in 9 women who had experienced unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Progesterone vaginal suppositories (100mg b.i.d; Utrogestan, Organon) beginning 3 days after ovulation were given to 9 women with unexplained RSA who had prior evidence of Th1 immunity to trophoblast. We checked proliferation responses to conception cycle before and after progesterone supplementation once a week through the first 7 weeks of pregnancy. All patients of alloantigen and PHA had a positive proliferation response that occmed in the baseline phase. But 4 out of 9 patients (44.4%) of trophoblast antigen and Flu antigen had a positive proliferative response. The suppression of proliferation response to each antigen were started after proliferative phase and during pregnancy cycles. Our data demonstrated that since in vivo progesterone treated PBMCs suppressed more T-lymphocyte activation and $^3H$-TdR incorporation compare to PBMCs, which are not influenced by progesterone. This data suggested that it might be influenced by immunosuppressive effect of progesterone. In conclusion, progesterone may play an important immunological role in regulating local immune response in the fetal-placental unit. Furthermore, in the 9 women given progesterone during a conception cycle, Only two (22%) repeat pregnancy losses occured in these 9 women despite loss of antigen responsiveness (one chemical pregnancy loss and one loss at 8 weeks of growth which was karyotyped as a Trisomy 4). These finding suggested that pregnancy loss due to fetal aneuploidy is not associated with immunological phenomena.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.729-742
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• 2012

Recently, to using chemical coagulation process for T-P removal in STP effluent as tertiary treatment process is generalized in the country. The importance of analysis technique to save the treatment & maintenance cost during coagulation process is becoming more increased each day. Thus, it is necessary for the analysis technique during coagulation process to be presented well the characteristic of coagulation in field apply. There are a few analysis techniques such as Jar Test, zeta potential analysis and streaming current detecting techniques. But there are difficult to apply in field immediately due to long test time and difficult analysis techniques. And using PDA technique, it is reviewed applicability of the techniques as field index on pilot plant of P-CAP system The P-CAP system is composed of an in-line static mixer, a Flocculation Tank and the CAP reactor with 2 stage weir for effluent. Pre-test is performed to fix the mixing velocity in the Flocculation Tank using the PDA equipment and it fixed with 30RPM. Also, Jar Test is performed to select optimum dose of each coagulant for each T-P concentration level of influent. Result of continuous test on pilot plant of P-CAP system, the FSI in the Flocculation Tank is increased consistently by increasing each dosing concentration of coagulant such as LAS and PAC in the low level influent T-P concentration comparatively. It is considered that formed Al-hydroxide complexes for dosed coagulant are caused FSI variation. Furthermore, it seems that FSI value in the high level influent T-P concentration appeared lower than the opposite influent condition relatively because it is formed simultaneously Al-hydroxide complexes as solid type and Al-phosphorus complexes as soluble type. Thus, relation of FSI by PDA technique and T-P removal of final effluent on pilot plant of P-CAP system are very limited for the kind of coagulant and the characteristics of influent. And it though that FSI value by PDA technique with analyzing of turbidity in Flocculation Tank will be used restrictedly on field as the relative field-index.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

Methotrexate (MTX) in one of the antineoplastic drug and it is known to effective to management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, management of choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic tumors in women, management of carcinomas of the breast, tongue, pharynx, and tests, maintenance of remission in leukemia and treatment of serve, debilitating psoriasis. Intermediate to high-dose methotrexate administration followed by leucovorin rescue is effective in treatment of carcinoma of the lung and osteogenic sarcoma. Intrathecal administration is effective in treating meningeal leukemia or lymphoma. There are FPIA (Fluorescence polarization immunoassay) and EMIT (Enzyme multiplied immunotechique) methods that measure for MTX. We evaluated the FPIA and EMIT methods. MTX were measured by Hitachi-7600 P-module using EMIT and FPIA using TDX in the sera 60 patients. The performance characteristics evaluated were, light influence, linearity, comparison with FPIA. Also, precision evaluated were three level controls through put following CLSI evaluation protocols (EP10-A). When the MTX value of $4.16{\pm}5.78{\mu}{\mu}mol/L$ (mean, SD) by the Hitachi-7600 P-module was compared with that of $4.05{\pm}5.47{\mu}{\mu}mol/L$ by FPIA, coefficients of correlation of 0.988 was obtained. The regression equation was Y (Hitachi-7600 P-module) = 0.9408 x (FPIA) + 0.1316 (r=0.9885, n=60). CVs of MTX measured by Hitachi 7600 P-module was 6.78% at $0.33{\mu}{\mu}mol/L$, 0.96% at $1.16{\mu}{\mu}mol/L$, and 0.96% at $8.04{\mu}{\mu}mol/L$. The precision was excellent in each group. The linearity was acceptable. We evaluated that MTX is light-sensitive on prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. Comparing with the FPIA using TDX, the Hitachi-7600 P-module using EMIT showed good coefficient of correlation and precision. Therefore the Hitachi-7600 P-module can replace the FPIA for quantitative analysis of MTX.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.231-244
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• 2004

The curriculum in the vocational training shall be planed and operated on a basis what is the occupational category that the students can be employed after their graduation and the ability necessary to the engagement in their occupations. Accordingly, the course selecting the quality of education in the curriculum plan for the vocational training shall be developed continuously and gradually through the maintenance of dose relation by the participation of the persons in the industries related to the major field. If the curriculum in the vocational training is for the preparation of employment, the focus of curriculum shall be adjusted to the employment. It needs to collect and analyze the related data between the universities and industries, particularly regional industries synthetically in order to develop the curriculum in the vocational training. The curriculum shall be planned on a basis of the data. As for the data related to the local community, it needs to develop new programs considering the prospect of demand of manpower by the industry, necessary knowledge, technology and attitudes, particularly considering the occupational category available in the employment with a bright prospect hereafter. Also, the contents to improve in the existing curriculum(a change of technology, a form of facilities for experimentㆍpractice, and a type of continuing & further education) shall be investigated and analyzed objectively. Accordingly, this study is to develop the curriculum more systematically in order to foster the character designer specially who to engage in the character industry that increases its role and expectation all the more with the development of animation industries and the extension of markets now. The purpose of this study is to decrease the estrangement between the school education that has been problems and the practical affairs in the field, to foster the special manpower that can satisfy the industries demand.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2006

Potassium Sorbate (PS) is a potassium salt version of sorbic acid, which has antimicrobial and fungistatic features in foods. Therefore, PS is used as a food preservative against fungi and mold. PS has been found to be non-toxic even when taken in large quantities given its trait to be broken down in the body into water and carbon dioxide. Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication (GJIC) is essential in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis during development and differentiation. This study was made of the effects of PS on GJIC in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial (WB) cells. We found dramatic decrease of cell viability in time- and dose-dependent manners when WB cells were treated with PS. The effect of PS on GJIC is strong inhibition, and it took place in parallel with a hyperphosphorylation of connexin 43 expression. The finding that PS interferes with gap junction functionality should be considered with respect to the mechanism of PS-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.163-179
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• 2022

Although functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are very common in pediatric patients, there is a scarcity of published epidemiologic data, characteristics, and management patterns from Saudi Arabia, which is the 2nd largest Arabic country in terms of area and the 6th largest Arabic country in terms of population, with 10% of its population aged <5 years. Functional constipation (FC) is an FGID that has shown a rising prevalence among Saudi infants and children in the last few years, which urges us to update our clinical practices. Nine pediatric consultants attended two advisory board meetings to discuss and address current challenges, provide solutions, and reach a Saudi national consensus for the management of pediatric constipation. The pediatric consultants agreed that pediatricians should pay attention to any alarming signs (red flags) found during history taking or physical examinations. They also agreed that the Rome IV criteria are the gold standard for the diagnosis of pediatric FC. Different therapeutic options are available for pediatric patients with FC. Dietary treatment is recommended for infants with constipation for up to six months of age. When non-pharmacological interventions fail to improve FC symptoms, pharmacological treatment with laxatives is indicated. First, the treatment is aimed at disimpaction to remove fecal masses. This is achieved by administering a high dose of oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) or lactulose for a few days. Subsequently, maintenance therapy with PEG should be initiated to prevent the re-accumulation of feces. In addition to PEG, several other options may be used, such as Mg-rich formulas or stimulant laxatives. However, rectal enemas and suppositories are usually reserved for cases that require acute pain relief. In contrast, infant formulas that contain prebiotics or probiotics have not been shown to be effective in infant constipation, while the use of partially hydrolyzed formula is inconclusive. These clinical practice recommendations are intended to be adopted by pediatricians and primary care physicians across Saudi Arabia.