• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2003

Objective: Bee Venom(BV) has been used for various kinds of inflammatory or painful conditions in Oriental Medicine clinics, and there publishes reports on its therapeutic effects and the probable mechanism of those therapeutic effects, where CDs and cytokines plays important role. This study investigated the influences of bee venom on the expressions of CDs and cytokines of HMC cell line Methods: In this study we analysed the expression profile of HMC cell line treated with BV of 10-2ug/ml in relation to that of HMC cell line treated with vehicle by way of CD/cytokine microarray hybridization with 342 genes on it. Results: There were no upregulated genes by more than 3 fold, while there showed some downregulated genes by less than 1/3 fold as follows: colony stimulating factor 2, CD122, IL-7, CD112, TNF-alpha, CD138, CD166, TGFbetaR2, CD42b, CD62L, CD111, interleukin 10 receptor alpha, colony stimulating factor 1(macrophage), CD38 antigen(p45), CD121a, CD33 antigen(gp67), colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, B cell linker protein (SLP65) mRNA, CD94, alanyl(membrane) aminopeptidase, immunoglobulin(CD79A) binding protein 1, CD205, CD241, CD207, CDw121b, integrin alpha L(CD11a), integrin beta 1(CD29), CD91, CD42b. Conclusions: Bee venom treatment induced downregulation of some CDs or cytokines including $TNF-{\alpha}$. IL-1R with its possible implication in an antiinflammatory action of BV. Further research on expression profile changes induced by BV treatment is expected.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.231-231
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• 2003

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한두경부종양학회 1994년도 제11차 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록집
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• pp.20-20
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• 1994

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

Burns are one of the most devastating forms of trauma and wound healing is a complex and multicellular process, which is executed and regulated by signaling networks involving numerous growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was specifically produced from rice cell culture through use of a recombinant technique in our laboratory. The effect of rhGM-CSF on promotion of deep second-degree burn wound healing on the back skin of a hamster model was evaluated through a randomized and double-blind trial. As macroscopic results, hamster skins of the experimental groups showed earlier recovery by new epidermis than the control groups. Immunohistochemical reactions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and transforming growth factor-b1, which are indicators of cell proliferation, were more active in the experimental group, compared with the control group. On electron microscopy, basal cells in the epidermis of the experimental group showed oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli, numerous mitochondria and abundant free ribosomes. In addition, fibroblasts contained well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae. Bundles of collagen fibrils filled the extracellular spaces. Particularly, ultrastructural features indicating active metabolism for regeneration of injured skin at 15 days after burn injury, including abundant euchromatin, plentiful free ribosomes, and numerous mitochondria, were observed. These findings suggest that use of rhGM-CSF could result in accelerated deep second-degree burn wound healing in animal models.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Red Ginseng-Ejung-tang Water Extract (ER) on cytokine production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Levels of various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-12p70, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured by high-throughput multiplex bead array cytokine assay based on xMAP (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. Results: ER significantly decreased levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-12p70, VEGF, and MCP-1 for 24 hrs incubation at the concentrations of 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.05). But ER did not exert significant effects on production of MIP-2, KC, TNF-${\alpha}$, and GM-CSF in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that ER has an anti-inflammatory property related with its inhibition of cytokine production in LPS-induced macrophages.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1304-1309
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• 2005

The production of therapeutic proteins for human diseases in plants results in many economic benefits, including reduced risk of animal virus contamination, high yields, and reduced production and storage costs. Human cytokines, interleukin-11 (hlL-11) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF), cDNAs were introduced into rice or tobacco, using either the maize ubiquitin promoter or the 35S promoter. The primary hIL-11 transgenic rice plants exhibited stunted growth and a sterile phenotype, whereas the hIL-11 transgenic tobacco plants did not. This suggests that hIL-11 expression in rice disrupts the normal growth and development of the plant. The regeneration efficiency of rice calli transformed with hGM-CSF was found to be approximately a quarter of that seen with the hIL-11, suggesting that hGM-CSF expression is more deleterious to the regeneration of rice calli than is hIL-11. However, the surviving hGM-CSF transgenic rice plants exhibited a normal phenotype of growth. Therefore, it appears that only those transgenic rice lines that expressed the human cytokines in small quantities were able to survive the selection process.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) regulates proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and modulates function of the mature hematopoietic cells. In the previous study, we reported that hGM-CSF could be produced in transgenic rice cell suspension culture, termed rhGM-CSF. In the present study we examined the single and repeated dose toxicity of rice cells-derived hGM-CSF in SD rats. During single dose toxicity study for 7 days, there were no any toxic effects at any dose of from 10 to $1000{\mu}g/kg$. The lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was not found in this range. Moreover, repeated dose toxicity study of 14-days period and at the doses of 50 and $200{\mu}g/kg$ (i. v.) of rhGM-CSF did not show any changes in food and water intake. There were also no significant changes in both body and organ weights between the control and the test groups. The hematological and blood biochemical parameters were statistically not different in all the groups. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF has no toxicity in SD rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2008

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is a glycoprotein and hematopoietic growth factors that regulates the proliferation of myeloid precursor cells and activates mature granulocytes and macrophages. In a previous study, we reported that hGM-CSF could be produced in transgenic rice cell suspension culture, termed rhGM-CSF. In the present study, we examined the repeated dose toxicity of rhGM-CSF in SD rats. The repeated dose toxicity study was performed at each dose of 50 and 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ subcutaneous administration of rhGM-CSF everyday for 28-days period. The results did not show any changes in food and water intake. There were also no significant changes in both body and organ weights between the control and the tested groups. The hematological and blood biochemical parameters were statistically not different in all groups. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF may show no repeated dose toxicity in SD rats under the conditions.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.325-328
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• 2002

Sucrose 의 경우 저농도에서는 후반부로 갈수록 세포생장 속도는 현저히 감소하는데 비해 hGM-CSF 생산은 후반부에 급격히 증가함을 확인하였다. 고농도 sucrose를 사용하는 경우에는 lag phase가 길어지는 동안에 hGM-CSF의 생산이 증가하였다. 따라서 배양 초기에는 고농도 sucrose가, 배양 후반에는 저농도 sucrose로 존재하는 경우에 hGM-CSF를 많이 얻을 수 있었다. Nitrogen source의 농도는 60.52 mM과 121.04 mM일 때가 세포의 생장이나 hGM-CSF의 생산을 증가시켰으며, phosphate의 경우에는 4.96 mM 일 때가 대조구인 2.48 mM 일 때보다 hGM-CSF의 생산을 3 배 증가시켰다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.628-635
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• 2014

2-(Trimethylammonium) ethyl (R)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-2-stearamidopropyl phosphate [(R)-TEMOSPho], a derivative of an organic chemical identified from a natural product library, promotes highly efficient megakaryopoiesis. Here, we show that (R)-TEMOSPho blocks osteoclast maturation from progenitor cells of hematopoietic origin, as well as blocking the resorptive function of mature osteoclasts. The inhibitory effect of (R)-TEMOSPho on osteoclasts was due to a disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, resulting from impaired downstream signaling of c-Fms, a receptor for macrophage-colony stimulating factor linked to c-Cbl, phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Vav3, and Rac1. In addition, (R)-TEMOSPho blocked inflammation-induced bone destruction by reducing the numbers of osteoclasts produced in mice. Thus, (R)-TEMOSPho may represent a promising new class of antiresorptive drugs for the treatment of bone loss associated with increased osteoclast maturation and activity.