• 대한수학회보
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.875-883
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• 2012

Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field with q elements and $\mathbb{F}_q((X^{-1}))$ be the field of all formal Laurent series with coefficients lying in $\mathbb{F}_q$. This paper concerns with the size of the set of points $x{\in}\mathbb{F}_q((X^{-1}))$ with their partial quotients $A_n(x)$ both lying in a given subset $\mathbb{B}$ of polynomials in $\mathbb{F}_q[X]$ ($\mathbb{F}_q[X]$ denotes the ring of polynomials with coefficients in $\mathbb{F}_q$) and deg $A_n(x)$ tends to infinity at least with some given speed. Write $E_{\mathbb{B}}=\{x:A_n(x){\in}\mathbb{B},\;deg\;A_n(x){\rightarrow}{\infty}\;as\;n{\rightarrow}{\infty}\}$. It was shown in [8] that the Hausdorff dimension of $E_{\mathbb{B}}$ is inf{$s:{\sum}_{b{\in}\mathbb{B}}(q^{-2\;deg\;b})^s$ < ${\infty}$}. In this note, we will show that the above result is sharp. Moreover, we also attempt to give conditions under which the above dimensional formula still valid if we require the given speed of deg $A_n(x)$ tends to infinity.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to conduct inter-rater and intra-rater reliability tests in patients with low back pain (LBP) using the prone instability test (PIT) and side-lying instability test (SIT). We have analyzed the Korean version Oswestry disability index (K-ODI) correlations and radiograph finding (RF) for validity. METHODS: Individuals (n = 51) (mean age of 40.27 ± 13.28) with LBP for at least over a week were recruited, together with two participating physical therapist examiners. The measurement consisted of PIT, PST, K-ODI, and RF. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value, negative predictive value, prevalence index, agreement %, Cohen's kappa, and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) were calculated. The PIT and SIT were compared with RF for validity analysis, while PIT, SIT, K-ODI, and RF were calculated for the correlation analysis. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability test measured for the PIT (kappa = .79, PABAK = .88) and SIT (kappa = .73, PABAK = .84), and inter-rater reliability test measured for the SIT (kappa = .80, PABAK = .88) showed good agreements. The PIT (Sn = .65, Sp = .63) and SIT validities (Sn = .68, Sp = .70) were compared with RF, showing a significant correlation in PIT and RF (r = .69), SIT and RF (r = .73), and PIT and K-ODI (r = .53). CONCLUSION: The SIT is a more comfortable position test than the PIT in patients. Both PIT and SIT have acceptable reliability and validity.

• 한국노년학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.689-701
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 식사 후 혈압과 맥박수의 변화 양상이 체위에 따라 차이가 있는지를 확인하고자 하는 것이었다. 복지재단의 양로원과 요양원에 거주하는 노인 141명으로부터 서면동의를 받은 뒤, 5명의 훈련된 조사원이 식사 전 2회, 식사 직후, 그리고 식사 후 15분 간격으로 90분까지 총 9회 혈압과 맥박을 측정하였다. 노인의 선호에 따라 식사 후 좌위를 취한 노인은 식당에서 측정이 이루어졌고, 앙와위를 취한 노인은 방에서 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, Chi-square 검정, t 검정, 반복측정 분산분석, 반복측정 공분산분석을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. ${\bullet}$식후저혈압 발생률은 앙와위를 취한 노인군이 좌위를 취한 노인군보다 높았다. ${\bullet}$식후 좌위를 취한 노인군과 앙와위를 취한 노인군 간에 시간경과에 따른 수축기혈압과 맥박의 변화 양상은 차이가 없었다. ${\bullet}$식전 수축기혈압을 통제한 상태에서 식사 후 수축기혈압의 변화양상은 좌위군과 앙와위군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 노인에서 식후 혈압하강 발생은 식사 후 체위에 따른 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 식후에 앙와위를 취한 노인에서도 식후 두 시간 이내에는 식후저혈압이 발생하고 있다는 점에 유의하여 세심하게 혈압을 모니터링하여야 한다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2017

Let R be a domain with quotient field K and prime subring A. Then R is integral over each of its subrings having quotient field K if and only if (A, R) is a survival pair. This shows the redundancy of a condition involving going-down pairs in a earlier characterization of such rings. In characteristic 0, the domains being characterized are the rings R that are isomorphic to subrings of the ring of all algebraic integers. In positive (prime) characteristic, the domains R being characterized are of two kinds: either R = K is an algebraic field extension of A or precisely one valuation domain of K does not contain R.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study the propagation of Rayleigh waves in an anisotropic heterogeneous crustal layer over a gravitational semi-infinite sandy substratum. It is assumed that the heterogeneity in the crustal layer arises due to exponential variation in elastic coefficients and density whereas the semi-infinite sandy substratum has homogeneous sandiness parameters. The coupled effects of heterogeneity, anisotropy, sandiness parameters and gravity on Rayleigh waves are discussed analytically as well as numerically. The dispersion relation is obtained in determinant form. The proposed model is solved to obtain the different dispersion relations for the Rayleigh wave in the elastic medium of different properties. The results presented in this study may be attractive and useful for mathematicians, seismologists and geologists.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.694-698
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• 2009

The $Co_{3}Ti$ phase hardens appreciably by the fine precipitation of disordered fcc Co-rich phase upon aging after quenching from solution annealing temperature. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations revealed that the precipitates are platelet in shape, lying nearly parallel to the {100} planes of the $Ll_{2}$-ordered matrix, and perfectly coherent with the matrix lattice at the beginning of aging. The high temperature strength increases appreciably with the fine precipitation of disordered Co-rich phase over the whole temperature range investigated. TEM observations of the under-aged and deformed alloys revealed that superdislocations are pinned by precipitates indicating an attractive interaction between dislocations and precipitates. In the over-aged state, thin twins are introduced in the fcc Co-rich precipitates during deformation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1089-1096
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• 2003

본 연구는 모돈과 포유자돈의 관리에 있어 가장 중요한 시기인 분만 후 5일 동안 모돈의 행동적 회복과 포유자돈의 행동적 발달 정도를 알아보고자 수행되었으며, 공시동물로는 경산돈 5복과 포유자돈 56두가 이용되었고 이들에 대한 행동이 분만 후 5일까지 분석되었다. 모돈의 행동변화를 분석한 결과, Lying ventrally는 분만 직후부터 분만 26시간 후까지 증가하다가 이후부터 감소하였으며 분만 80시간 후부터는 거의 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. Lying laterally는 분만 직후부터 분만 26시간 후까지 감소하다가 분만 80시간 이후부터 거의 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. Standing, drinking 그리고 feeding은 분만 직후부터 분만 23시간 후까지 증가하다가 이후부터 다시 감소하였으며 분만 60시간 후부터 서서히 증가하였다. Sitting은 분만 46시간 후에 출현율이 가장 높게 나타났으며 이후부터 서서히 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들을 고려해 볼 때 행동적인 측면에서 모돈의 회복은 분만 80시간 후 정도에서 거의 완전하게 이루어지는 것으로 판단된다. 포유자돈의 행동을 분석한 결과, Lying은 분만 45시간 후까지 급격히 증가하다가 이후부터 거의 비슷한 수준으로 나타났으며, Massaging과 suckling은 분만 36시간 후까지 급격하게 감소하다가 이후부터 거의 변화가 없었다. Walking은 분만 21시간 후까지 증가한 후 분만 45시간 후 정도까지 비슷한 수준으로 유지되면서 서서히 감소하였다. 이런 결과를 미루어 볼 때 포유자돈의 행동 발달은 분만 45시간 후 정도에서 거의 완전하게 이루어지는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 분만 후 80시간 이전까지는 모돈이 완전히 회복된 것이라 할 수 없으므로 모돈의 상태를 지속적으로 관찰할 필요가 있으며 보다 세심하게 관리할 필요가 있다. 또한 분만 후 45시간 이전까지는 포유자돈의 행동 발달이 완전하게 이루어지지 않은 미숙한 단계이므로 포유자돈의 관리에 있어 더 많은 주의를 필요로 하며, 특히 이 기간 동안 압사로 인한 폐사에 주의하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1975

This is a case report of the rupture of the trachea and the esophagus following external blunt trauma without any associated injury. A 7 year old male patient was brought to the emergency room. Hanyang University Hospital, on 23 Jul, 1974 while he played under the pile of pingpong table A table was fall down over the patient accidentally. The patient was injured by the table and found lying in unconsciousness on the ground.There was subcutaneous emphysema on his anterior chest and neck. A contusion on the upper part of the sternum was noted. The breathing sound were diminished over the left side of the chest. Ronchi were heard over the right lung field. This patient was suffered from vomiting, dypsnea, and irritable mental state after this accident. On the chest roentgenogram in A-P view, hyperlucency at the mediastinum and parapericardiac area suggested the pneumomediastinum. On the next day, a diagnosis of the tracheal and esophageal rupture was confirmed by the esophagogram with Lipiodol swallowing. A right thoracotomy was performed and ruptured orifice of the trachea and the esophagus were closed with interrupted sutures. Postoperative course was uneventful and primary closure of the rupture of the trachea and the esophagus were succeeded.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

To evolve silkworm hybrids with higher survival and productivity and easy and effective seed cocoon production, three new evolved bivoltine hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), created with participation of sex-limited lines at eggs and larva stage were evaluated with control Super$_1$${\times}$Hessa$_2$ hybrid at Plovdiv Agrarian University during 2000 - 2002. ANOVA analysis was employed and the performance of hybrids was observed in respect of main quantitative traits. The results obtained show significant superiority of new hybrids T$_{15}$ 4/${\times}$TBV$_{2}$24/, XT$_{215}$38/${\times}$TV$_{3}$2/, XT$_{215}$38/${\times}$B$_{2}$6/ and their reciprocal crosses over the control. They were characterized with 99% hatchability of eggs, 93-95% silkworm survival, 2.32- 2.42 g cocoon weight, 53.5-55.7 cg shell weight, 22.9-23.1% shell ratio, 1,307-1,326 m filament length, 3.08-3.17 denier, 95-96% reelability, 44.4-45.1% silk ratio, 569-593 number of normal eggs per lying and 347-364 mg weight of normal eggs per lying. Newly evolved hybrids were manifested high productivity, 41.0-43.6 kg cocoon yield and 7.33-7.78 kg raw silk yield per one box (20,000$\pm$200 viable eggs), which significant surpass the control Super$_1$${\times}$Hessa$_2$ hybrid with 7.6-14.4% and 10.8-17.6%, respectively. T$_{15}$ 4/${\times}$TBV$_{2}$24/ and XT$_{215}$38/${\times}$TV$_{3}$2/ were considered as highly productive hybrids to local conditions and found suitable to rear in spring season.n.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2004

The power and scale of 950 hPa typhoon "Maemi" which struck the shore of Gosung in Kyungnam Province was same as that of 951 hPa typhoon "Saraho" in 1959. For the purpose of getting the safety of training ship "KAYA", we anchored at Jinhae Bay with riding at two anchors paid out 8 shackles of cable respectively. By the way when wind force being over 30m/s, we could not keep the safety of the ship "KAYA" by means of the holding power of an anchor only. Just by using the main engine moderately, we were able to maintain the security of the ship. The holding the main engine moderately, we were able to maintain the security of the ship. The holding power of an anchor according to the way of anchoring, the quality of sea bottom, the direction and speed of wind and current, and the length of an anchor cable were analyzed. The obtained results are summarized as follows : 1. When riding at two anchors rather than lying at single anchor we could get a good holding power. 2. There was a big difference in holding power according to the quality of the bottom. 3. It would be best anchoring in a soft mud area than in any other place as possible. 4. It would also be desirable to set anchor shackles much more than equipment number prescribed in regulation in order to get safety of a ship providing against typhoon.