• 교육시설
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1998

The present, there are no evident standards about facilities of minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school. So, there are many serious obstacles that related laws and regulations, planning for facilities and scales in this country. Accordingly, this study proposed the concept, type, and size of minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school, in case big cities of high density. 1. The concept of minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school is defined to the large scale school and class, that integration of children of kindergarten into lower grades elementary school. 2. The type of minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school is classified into branch school type and detached school type. The former is located in the main elementary school, The latter is separated from the main elementary school. And each type is classified into singleness case and attached case. 3. The number of students per minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school is hold from two hundred children to three hundred children in 12 classes, but suitability is from one hundred to two hundred children. And class sizes proposed $20{\sim}25$ children in minimum-sized kindergarten and $25{\sim}30$ children in lower grades elementary school.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.334-343
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• 2002

This study was aimed at primarily to develop a tool to evaluate sexuality education and secondarily to test effectiveness through application of developed evaluation tools in elementary school. The results from this study were summarized below: 1. On the basis of targeting the lower grades (1st- 3th year) and the higher grades (4th-6th year) elementary school students' sexuality education guidebooks published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 71 preliminary items targeting the lower grades, 90 preliminary items targeting the higher grades were developed. 2. Through the validity test about the contents of the preliminary items three times, the items were regulated to 65 items targeting the lower grads and 57 items targeting the higher grades. And then, the preliminary items were re-regulated to 40 items separately. Then, pre-test which targeting each 30 students was enforced. 3.Finally, the evaluation tools for sexuality education that consisted of 40 items targeting the lower grades and the higher grades were developed. 4. eliability test of the developed tools, sexuality education evaluation tools showed alpha coefficient of internal consistency were 0.8355 (for the use of the lower grades) and 0.8881 (for the use of the higher grades). 5. o apply the developed sexuality education evaluation tools, 10-times sexuality education were carried out class unit and pre-post test were done using same questionnaire, which contains developed tool, there were significant difference in low grade (t=16.548, p=0.000), high grade (t=14.773, p=0.000). The results of this study suggest that the evaluation tool for sexuality education in elementary school may be a useful tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, the evaluation tool for sexuality education developed by this study can be effectively utilized in Korea elementary schools.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.415-435
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• 2007

학교교육에서 학교급간, 학년 간, 영역 간 이행은 본질적인 문제이다. 이와 함께 교육내용 간의 연계성은 발달과 교육의 문제에서 그 중심에 놓여 있다. 일반적으로 초등학교 수학에서 저학년과 고학년 사이의 간격은 초등수학과 중등수학의 간격만큼이나 그 간격이 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 이행과 연계성이라는 문제의식에서부터 시작하여 초등학교 저학년과 고학년 수학 사이의 연계성을 염두에 둔 비교 연구에 해당된다. 이를 위해 초등학교에서 저학년과 고학년이 구분되는 지점인 4학년 수학을 중심으로 하여 두 가지 관점에서 저학년 수학과의 비교를 시도하였다. 첫 번째는 교사와 학생들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 3, 4학년 수학 교과서에서의 영역별 내용 비교를 실시함으로써 수학을 배우고 가르치는 입장에서 어려움의 정도를 검토하였다. 두 번째는 교실 수업을 비교하는 과정으로, 1, 4학년 수학 수업을 기록하고 '수업과정분석'을 통해 저학년과 고학년에서의 수학 수업의 차이를 비교하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 두 가지 형태의 비교 작업을 통해 이후 초등학교 저학년과 고학년 수학 사이의 연계성 검토를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2005

This study comparatively examined the environmental affordance of elementary children's rooms between the lower and the higher grades, and investigated the affects of the rooms'affordance on children's satisfaction of the rooms. Survey questionnaires were given to 412 elementary school children(221 in the lower grades and 191 in the higher grades), including their parents. Frequency analysis, $x^{k}$ -tests, t-tests, correlation tests, and regression analysis were mainly employed for the data analysis. The findings indicated that the environmental affordance of the children's rooms differed in each group in terms of the four dimensions: Social interaction, privacy, safety, and uniqueness. Meanwhile, the more environmental affordance was sufficient, the higher degree of the satisfaction was showed. In the lower grades, conveniency, accessibility, social interaction, and uniqueness were influenced their satisfaction of the rooms, whereas social interaction, conveniency, order, and privacy were affected the children's satisfaction in the higher grades.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a sexuality education course of study for students in the lower grades of elementary school. Method: On the basis of the sexuality education guidebook for elementary school students published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, the state-designated textbooks for first to third grade were analyzed. Results: 1) In the category of physical and psychological development, physical development and psychosexual development content were covered, but not sexual health content. 2) In the category of understanding of human relationship, marriage and family, and the opposite sex and love were presented but self-determination and selection were only partially presented. 3) In the category of sexual culture and sexual ethics, sexual role in society was covered, but not social environment or equality of the sexes. Conclusion: These results suggest that content on sexuality which is not covered in textbooks for students in lower grades should be included in other school courses or activities in class.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2021년도 학술논문집
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• pp.275-281
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• 2021

우리 생활의 많은 부분이 인공지능과 밀접하게 관련되고 있고, 사회는 더욱 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 이러한 시대적 상황을 반영하며 인공지능 교육에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 다양한 학습 방안들이 제시되고 있지만, 초등학교 저학년 학생들을 위한 인공지능 교수·학습 활동에 대한 안내는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 초등학교 저학년을 위한 데이터 수집 교육 프로그램을 한국과학창의재단의 내용기준에 근거하여 개발하였다. 인공지능의 원리와 활용 영역의 데이터 세부 영역을 중심으로 숫자와 문자를 색, 그림 등 다양한 방법으로 표현하고 생활 속에서 다양한 유형의 데이터를 찾아보며 인공지능의 원리를 학습할 수 있도록 하는 것에 중점을 두었다. 이 프로그램을 통해서 초등학교 저학년 학생들이 데이터에 대해 알고 소리, 그림, 문자 데이터를 수집해보는 과정을 통해서 인공지능에서 데이터 수집의 중요성을 이해할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2022

인공지능 교육에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 세계 각 나라에서는 인공지능 교육 전략을 발표하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 2021년 11월 발표된 '2022 개정 교육과정 총론 주요사항'에서 인공지능 교육이 반영되고 있다. 이러한 많은 관심과 함께 인공지능 교육과 관련한 프로그램들이 개발되고 있지만, 초등학교 저학년 학생들을 위한 인공지능 프로그램들은 찾아보기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 초등학교 저학년을 위한 데이터 수집 교육 프로그램을 분석-설계-개발-적용-평가의 일련의 과정을 통해 개발하고, 초등학교 1학년 학생들에게 적용하여 그 효과성을 검증하려고 한다. 개발된 프로그램을 통해 학생들이 인공지능에 대해 이해하고 흥미를 느끼며, 생활 속에서 다양한 유형의 데이터를 찾아보는 과정을 통해 일상생활에서 적극적으로 데이터를 수집하는 태도를 기를 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2004

Elementary science curriculum is designed to be closely-related magnetism with electricity in a physics domain and this paper explored whether elementary school students have recognized of relationships between them and whether there are any trends in the degree of recognition by grades. The elementary students of 3rd to 6th grade (total 154 persons) in a school in a local city participated in the experiment. Two forms of questionnaire were administrated to each grades. In the first questionnaire about magnetism, students were asked to rank the physics terms as the degree of proximity into magnetism and to write briefly the reason. In the second questionnaire about electricity, students were asked to do the same routine. The closer to the central term in the diagram, the lower score were given and the terms were classified as closely related to magnetism, electricity and the rest. Calculated the response frequency and averaged by the ranked terms, it was examined that the scores of proximity in how students closely rated conception to magnetism and electricity. The result said that the upper grades students showed the degree of proximity with magnetism and electricity as closely. Therefore, the sequence of comprehension of magnetism and electricity concept, which was found in the elementary school curriculum, seems to be found in the elementary students＇ recognitions by grades.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.761-768
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• 2021

최근 인공지능 교육을 위한 다양한 플랫폼과 컨텐츠가 개발되고 있지만, 초등 저학년 학습자를 위한 인공지능교육 프로그램 개발은 미비한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 초등학교 저학년 학습자를 위한 인공지능 교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 소프트웨어 교육을 위한 다양한 융합교육 연구사례가 있는 노벨 엔지니어링 기법을 활용하여 교육 프로그램을 설계하였다. 1차 프로그램 개발 후 전문가 타당도 검사로 검증을 하였고 이에 따라 프로그램을 수정하여 개발하였다. 그 결과 한글 해득 과정 중인 저학년 학습자 수준을 고려하여 문자 언어보다는 음성 언어를 기반으로 한 프로그램을 구성하고, 교과 간 통합으로 교육 시수를 확보할 필요가 있었다. 이에 정보 교과가 별도로 신설되어 있지 않은 초등 저학년의 교육과정을 고려하여 국어, 수학, 통합교과와 융합하여 인공지능 교육프로그램을 설계하였다. 본 연구를 통해 초등 저학년 학습자를 위한 인공지능교육의 새로운 방향성을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.647-660
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.