• Korea Trade Review
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2022

For multinational manufacturers, China is an attractive consumer market, but the unique attributes and tastes of Chinese customers present challenges in achieving desired investment performance. In this paper, the influence (mediating function) of consumer-centered market orientation adopted as a strategic means by multinational companies entering China on investment performance was examined utilizing samples collected through questionnaires and statical analysis through structural equation models. This paper, based on value chain and product attributes, divided market orientation into two types: production impacted market orientation and service impacted market orientation. The empirical analysis results of 233 samples showed that, service impacted market orientation with downstream activities and support service (as a variable) has a greater impact on investment performance than production impacted market orientation with upstream activities and product attributes. This indicates to managers that focusing on service impacted market orientation when implementing consumer-centered marketing strategies in the Chinese local market is an efficient/effective localization strategy to increase expected investment performance.

• Korea Trade Review
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.337-354
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• 2021

Several previous studies have not been able to derive consistent research results on the impact of the level of corruption in local countries on foreign direct investment. Therefore, in order to suggest that this study should consider the relative level of corruption rather than the level of absolute corruption, 1) first, examine the moderating effect of the absolute level of corruption on the determinants of foreign direct investment, and 2) examine the moderating effect of the relative corruption on the determinants of foreign direct investment. This study collected 9-year data from 2012 to 2020 based on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transparency International. A total of 549 observations (country-year) from 82 countries were sampled and a generalized estimation equation (GEE) analysis was performed. As a result of empirical analysis, it was found that the moderating effect of absolute corruption did not appear, whereas the moderating effect of relative corruption reversed the negative (-) relationship between cultural distance and foreign direct investment into a positive (+) relationship. Based on these empirical results, this study suggest that Korean companies need to consider the relative level of corruption with Korea instead of the absolute level of corruption of the investee when conducting foreign direct investment.

• Korea Trade Review
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.177-191
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• 2021

Based on the existing OFDI (outward foreign direct investment) literature, this study endeavored to verify how the corruption of host countries affects the partner strategy of EMNEs (emerging multinational enterprises) when EMNEs enter global markets through joint ventures. Following the existing literature, this study classified corruption and partner strategies into two categories, respectively. First, the corruption of host country was divided into grand corruption and petty corruption. Second, EMNEs' joint venture partner strategy was divided into home country partner joint venture and host country (i.e., local) partner joint venture. Our hypothesis suggested that the greater the host country's grand corruption, the more EMNEs would choose the host country partner, while the strong petty corruption leads to the preference of home country partner in host country. The hypotheses were verified with a sample of 890 foreign direct investment cases of Chinese multinational companies from 2005 to 2015. As a result of the study, regardless of the degree of corruption, it was found that they prefer joint ventures with home country partners when EMNEs enter the global market through joint ventures.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2024

Among eco-friendly energy, solar energy is one of the renewable energy sources that is developing in the spotlight in many countries. In line with this, the Korean government and local governments are carrying out projects to provide subsidies for the distribution of household solar power, raising the spread of household solar power and awareness. However, due to the lack of research on consumer perception of household solar power, this study investigated the perception of household solar power from 2015 to 2022 by setting the central word as solar power. As a result, 2016 had the highest number of collections, and when the top 50 words for each year were analyzed, it was confirmed that words related to the installation and maintenance of household solar power dominated. And through CONCOR analysis, a total of four were derived: solar energy recognition, renewable and eco-friendly energy recognition, solar government policies, solar companies, and perceptions of households. Through emotional analysis, it was confirmed that 2021 had the most positive data. As a result, consumer perception of household solar power is positive based on what was mentioned above, but research on how to use negative opinions on waste control and installation and maintenance should be conducted.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2024

The rapid expansion of industrialization and population growth worldwide has led to a significant surge in energy demand, perpetuating heavy reliance on finite fossil fuel reserves. Although prevailing policies primarily target ground-mounted solar photovoltaics, there is a noticeable increase in the adoption of floating solar power generation systems on water surfaces. Nonetheless, adequate studies and legislative reviews on offshore solar photovoltaics in Korea are lacking. The absence of well-defined criteria for the economic analysis of floating solar photovoltaics presents hurdles to their economic feasibility. This study conducted a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of offshore photovoltaics to evaluate their economic viability and compared four types of solar photovoltaics based on the operating area and technology: ground-mounted, floating on inland water, pontoon-based offshore, and flexible system offshore. Perspectives from both central and local government entities, emphasizing social aspects, as well as inputs from private companies with a financial focus were considered. The findings revealed variations in economic viability depending on the operating area and technology employed. This study aims to contribute to the advancement of market maturity and technology within the realm of offshore solar photovoltaics.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2014

In general, Introducing of the Designated Manager System (DMS) of public facilities has been promoted as part of administrative reforms for planning improvement of service for customers by a private and budget cuts of operations management. DMS has begun to be introduced to the public marina facilities in earnest in 2006, it is evaluated positive about efficiency in terms of business(budget cuts). However, there is no discussion about efficiency (likes service satisfaction of client-side) from the marina whose major job is service. The primary purpose of this study is to clarify the benefits and challenges as a result of the Designated Manager System (DMS) launch implemented by local governments, following the relevant amendments to the Local Government Law. The second purpose is to clarify, from the viewpoint of users, what changes have taken place after the DMS launch, focusing on public marinas operated under the DMS. As for the primary purpose, the study is intended to clarify the economic benefits of the DMS and the significance of the DMS launch at a prefectural government level. This will help us assess whether it would be worthwhile to encourage private companies or non-profit organizations (NPO) to participate in the management and operation of public facilities under the DMS scheme. Most of the studies to date have examined the benefits of the DMS launch, focusing on the economic benefits for local governments. This study is intended to clarify the benefits and disadvantages to users of the DMS launch from the viewpoint of users.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2007

This paper aims to present the ways to maximize educational effects and facilitate a curriculum renovation through the Specified Track Curriculum Development, a joint lecture system among local universities which is implemented by Busan Educational Alliance of Mechanical Engineering (BEAM) as part of New University for Regional Innovation(NURI), a government-sponsored project to facilitate a balanced regional development of Korea. The Specified Track Curriculum is a unified governing body joined by 4 universities of mechanical engineering departments with an emphasis on their specified academic fields(advanced hightech, environmental, marine and foundational machinery sectors), And the universities mutually recognize academic credits. The track (Specified-Track Curriculum) was carried out three times from winter semester in 2005 to the present and 486 students took the track course for two years. As a result, the track laid out a foundation for the first local joint lecture system in korea with the performance-oriented and students-tailored education, meeting needs of the new era and training efficiency. The graduates' employment rose to 8.5%, compared with that of 2005. According to recent survey conducted on companies employing the graduates, the satisfaction with the graduates' performance marked 9.4% improvement. The track also contributed to expanding human networks, facilitating the educational exchange of local universities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

Purpose - The competitiveness of logistics in the 21st century rests on ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of its local hub. While considering entry into a niche market in local logistics, it is pertinent to note that Budapest is emerging as a hub in EU enlargement in Eastern Europe. Big, small, and medium-sized businesses in Korea entered Hungary in the early 1990s since then, there has been a significant increase in Korean presence, of approximately 130 times. This study aimed to identify the key distribution issues that have emerged in relation to Eastern Europe. Research design, data, and methodology - This study indicates that 33 major Korean companies were located in Hungary, which serves as an out post to enter the European marketplace. However, Korea's exports to Hungary have declined (-32.0% in 2012) because of a loss of competitiveness against multinational corporations, due to factors such as the rise in current local distribution costs and wages. Hungary, on the other hand, through diversification and expansion of foreign trade with the non-EU markets, including Korea, is increasing its exports. Strategies of emerging countries are compared and reviewed in this study, by examining the vicissitudes of Hungary's distribution methods. Results - There are issues regarding Hungary's innovative ability. Hungary has a history of low wages and high skilled labor. However, the outflow of high-quality human resources for high-wages has become more extensive, and this underlines concerns that the CEE's trade hub is moving to neighboring countries. After the European financial crisis in 2010, the Hungarian economy is now developing, because of the IMF's measures, and it is being transformed into a trade surplus nation, while regaining distribution volumes rapidly. However, if there is continued lack of investment, the supply chain is weakened and exports decline amidst competition with TNCs or with China's distribution networks. Conclusions - It is necessary to create a new logistics approach for increasing trade between Korea and Hungary. First, Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should build trust by working with advanced Hungarian talent, and they should expand into state-of-the-art fields instead of being confined to traditional sectors. Second, this study focuses on limiting and lowering their high expectations for success according to foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and the role in the CEE distribution hub Korea should try to strengthen the distribution hub with its centralized population, using better, more highly educated human resources, thereby sustaining more innovative ability. Further, the positive effects of these measures are manifested in enhanced business on both sides of Hungary, namely, the EU and non-EU nations such as Turkey and emerging markets around Europe, and a better engagement in the core placement of culture and industry. For this, Korea can contribute to, and benefit from, a Hungarian logistics center, for adopting the high-tech cluster systems and commercializing distribution technology such as RFID·USN.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

This paper aims at suggesting several ways lo change financial vulnerability and to improve managerial capability of local public hospitals (LPHs) in Korea through the identification of factors affecting profitability. Several findings of the research are as follows: To begin with, LPHs exhibited a statistically significant difference in their profitability from one another, according to tile analyses of their profitable margins from tile general characteristics. It depends on the number of hospitals in the area, the population of the hospital-built area, the number of competing hospitals, the number of staff per 100 beds, the opening of special clinic, the educational function, and the capacity of rooms. However, there was no variable in the managerial characteristics, presenting a significant difference, in contrast with hospitals which have been managed by private companies and made a great amount of profits. Second, according to the analyses of profit differences in behavioral effort-characteristics, a statistically significant difference was revealed upon the basis of the efforts to improve the clinic service, invite special patients, and shorten the period of being hospitalized. Third, the result of analyses about the difference of profitability from medical care and finance is statistically significant in the rate of labor cost, the rate of management cost, bed-occupancy rate, and the period of being hospitalized. Fourth, according to the analyses of the factors influencing the net profit ratio of the entire capital, Adjusted explanatory power(Adjusted $R^2$) was shown up to 65.2%, which is high. To compare the adjusted explanatory power stage by stage, the first stage model applying only two variables such as structural and strategic characteristics exhibited 23.8%, and the second stage model adding financial characteristics showed 51.5%. The explanatory power was much improved up to 65.2% when the third stage model incorporated the outcome of medical care performance. When the return on investment(ROI) was examined by using the multi-variate linear regression analysis at the final model of third stage, it was found that ROI had a positive relationship with the increase rate of patients, labor costs per doctor, and medical care rate of socially protected inpatients. However, it revealed that ROI had a negative relationship with the ratio of labor costs, the number of patients per managerial staff, and occupancy rate of rooms, respectively. The research suggests that in order for LPHs to increase profitability, LPH, should make efforts not only to attract patients to the hospitals without any discrimination of the patients depending on their financial status, but also to develop efficient management methods to reduce labor costs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.522-525
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• 2018

In this paper, we design a UWB / WAS microstrip antenna for wireless local high - speed communication. The substrate of the proposed antenna is FR-4 (er = 4.3) and its size is $30[mm]{\times}30[mm]$. It is designed to have characteristics that can be used in the frequency bands of 3.5 [GHz] and 5.2 [GHz], which are UWB / WAS frequency bands. The simulation was performed using CST Microwave Studio 2014. Simulation results show that the gain is 1.592 [dBi] at 3.5 [GHz] and 2.210 [dBi] at 5.2 [GHz]. The S-parameter also showed a result of less than -10 [dB] (WSWR 2: 1) in the desired frequency band. Microstrip antennas have been miniaturized, high performance, and light weight, and excellent and low cost systems are continuously being developed. In addition, many people use wireless local area network systems used in homes, companies, and public facilities. Since the UWB / WAS technology is proposed according to the development of the system and the demand increase, the antenna that satisfies the above conditions will be designed and the technology applicable to the system will be used more conveniently.