• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.751-759
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• 1998

The study of the validity test on the self-monitoring scale for nurses In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of the self-monitoring scale. The self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen(1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity were found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale did not factor-load at over. 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lacks convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale failed to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monit oring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitori ng scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified in either in a two or three-factor classification as hypothesized. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used and has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were class ified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's α for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound : however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original nor the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over. 30, too high for the two factors in the test results of Factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.155-171
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• 2008

This study examined from "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" how medical exchange between doctors of Joseon and Japan affected medical science of Japan. "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" is a record that organized the written conversation between doctors and scholars of the Joseon and Edo period when the delegation so-called Joseon Tongsinsa visited Japan in 1719. Even though "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" was written by Japanese, but it was comprised of Joseon's advanced medical ideology, especially "DongEuiBogam" that has occupied an important part of the Joseon medical ideology. As a matter of fact, "SangHanChang HwaHunJiJip" contains general theme and medical subject. But until now, it has been hardly studied by medical historians. Many studies were generally made related to Joseon Tongsinsa, a governmental delegation, focused on literary and cultural exchange between Joseon and Japan by historians. "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" is no exception to this trend. We can find that doctors of the Joseon and Edo period entered into colloquium, a form of group discussion, about the clinical theme in "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip". Concretely, the conversation between doctors of Joseon and Japan was about infant disease, infectious disease, folk remedies, medical herbs, moxa cautery, acupuncture, the study of nature, the study of medical books, etc. For example, when doctors of Japan ask a confirmed disease, doctors of Joseon explained it particularly. They had a great effect on in every cultural aspect of Japan, especially its medical field. Through this study of the medical questions and answers in "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip", I came to know that the doctors of GiHae envoys gave great influence to the medical knowledge of Japan and the GiHae inherited and developed the medical tradition of SinMyo envoys. Through the examination of this study, I could deduct that "JeongJeongDongEuiBogam" which was published by the government of the Edo period is due to not only the contents of DongEuiBogam's advanced medical thought, but also the doctors of GiHae envoy. Also, "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" gives us an idea that doctors of GiHae envoys have medical trend of the OnBoHakFa and a group of Japanese doctors has medical trend of the study of nature. I am confident that the improvement of medical science and natural history of the Edo period is due to influence of medical exchange between Joseon and Japan. "SangHanChangHwaHunJiJip" confirms that medical exchange between two countries affected doctors and scholars of the Edo period.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.173-186
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• 1998

In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen (1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity was found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale, did not factor-load at over 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lack convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale fail to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monitoring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitoring scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study, it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified as hypothesized in either in a two or three-factor classification. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used but also has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study 1. was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were classified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's alpha for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound ; however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original or the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over .30, too high for the two factors in the test results of factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.128-139
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 유·초·중등 학생의 성교육 연구 동향을 비교하여 살펴봄으로써 성교육 관련 연구의 기초자료를 제공하고, 향후 연구 전망 및 과제를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 2000년부터 2019년 사이에 유·초·중등 학생 대상 성교육 관련 국내 학술지 논문 30편을 추출하여 성교육의 일반적 동향(연구시기별, 학술분야별), 연구주제별, 연구 대상별, 연구 방법별로 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 연구시기는 2000년 중반에 접어들면서 증가하였고, 24개 학술지에 발표되었다. 둘째, 연구주제 측면에서는 '성교육 인식 및 실태'를 파악하는 연구가 가장 많았고, '성개념 발달' 및 '프로그램 개발 및 교수방법 전략'을 주제도 증가하였다. 셋째, 연구대상 측면에서는 유아 대상 논문은 9개, 초등 학생 대상 논문은 6개, 중학생 대상 논문은 14개, 고등학생은 2개, 교사 및 부모와 관련된 논문은 9개였다. 넷째, 연구 방법은 양적연구인 '질문지법'이 가장 많이 사용되었고, 그 다음은 '문헌연구', '면담' 순이다. 이상의 연구 결과를 반영하여 논의를 제시하고, 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2002

수사학(rethoric)은 원래 고대 그리스나 로마 시대 웅변의 방법, 설화술 등의 설득을 위한 학문활동이라고 볼 수 있으나, 오늘날에는 문체의 본질 혹은 문장 표현상의 용어법 연구를 말한다. 현대 수사학은 수사학 학자들이 예측한 대로 단순히 언어와 관련된 학문의 범위를 넘어서 다양한 문화, 매체, 커뮤니케이션 등의 설득적 담론과 시와 같은 비설득적 담론은 물론, 시각언어의 영역으로까지 확대되고 있다. 시각디자인 영역에서도 무엇을 어떻게 말할 것인가에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔는데, 하나의 시각표현물이 보는 이들을 설득해 작가의 의도를 이해하도록 하고 궁극적으로 행동을 유도하는 커뮤니케이션 활동이라는 점에서 어떻게 말할 것인가에 관한 문제는 결코 소홀히 할 수 없는 것이다. 어떻게 하면 좀더 설득적으로 메시지를 형상화하느냐의 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 설득적 방법을 논하는 학문인 수사학을 시각언어에 활용하는 것은 당연하다. 오늘날 일러스트레이션 등의 분야에 있어서 적절한 비유나 강조, 변화 등을 추구하는 수사적 표현의 사용은 신선한 느낌을 주어 쉽게 보는 이들과 친밀해질 수 있는 바탕을 마련한다. 이런 표현들은 항상 호기심을 가지고 새로움을 추구하는 현대인의 심리를 충족시키고 일러스트레이션의 내용에 생기를 불어넣으며, 그로 인해 기대하는 효과를 얻을 수 있도록 한다. 즉, 시각적 이미지와 그것에 상응하는 언어적 해석을 통해서 그 본질적인 의미를 새롭게 발견할 수 있는 것이다. 본 연구는 전통적 언어에서의 수사학과 시각언어에서의 수사적 표현법의 분류가 일치하지는 않으나, 동일하게 커뮤니케이션 작용을 목적으로 한다는 차원에서 수사학적 의미작용이 현대 일러스트레이션에 있어서 어떠한 메커니즘을 가지고 있고, 또 그 시각적 효과는 어떠한지를 조사하여 그 활용가능성을 알아보았다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

Modern medicine has early experienced the absence of mimesis and has been trying to replace the absence with objective grounds and experimental data. However, as medicine became science, the crisis of medicine spread more widely. Microscopic powers and violences are invisible, but individuals are powerless and vainly unable to resist. The anguish or introspection about the situation is sometimes described in stories such as An Engagement by Lee Eung Jun. An Engagement is mentioned in this article due to the writer's attitude, which shows his introspection and desire for harmony through the wounds of each trivial character. The writer is unceasingly talking about suffering people in his story and his seriousness enables readers to find his stronger sympathy over life and death than in any other medical stories. In fact, it is impossible for readers to comprehend the confusing propositions which the writer pours out, and even uncomfortable to read the story. Nevertheless, the propositions are always in contact with reality. Perhaps it is not the writer's confusing propositions that make us uncomfortable. It might be ourselves who are always alienated and starved. We can say that the characters' pains and wounds are phantom pains caused by the absence of mimesis. Since there is no affected area, their pains cannot be measured by only scientific medicine. However, the current medical profession regards objective research evidences as absolute truth and allows them to be the sole criterion. Although scientific skills such as DNA analysis and MRI scan can be the substitutes for doctors' judgment, so much of medicine is still interpersonal relationships. An Engagement. As a person promises to marry another, as all beings together in the world promise to subordinate to one another, every subject is consistently a valuable part of each other for the writer's eyes. He is aware that it is originally impossible to get engaged to the world, but he does not give up the possibility of genuine communication. In today's post-modernism society, where a large number of pathological views define the members and the world itself, endless questioning of existence and digging into pathology will be the only way to reduce the gap between individuals and their world. This article does not say that a literary work will lead the change of medical paradigm. It sprang from a desire for medical humanities to gain more interest of the medical field, where the encounter between literature and medicine is still unfamiliar, and to make medical education recognize the importance of humanities. Starting with this work, I believe that the humanities will help us to find the solution to the age of absence of mimesis and to the crisis of medicine.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.93-114
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• 2014

Gaston Bachelard had a revolutionary progress in the field of human understanding by proposing his theory of image and imagination. His theory of the new image was so powerful, almost all areas of human science, particularly that of literary criticism, were strongly influenced and this influence continues until today. Today almost everyone accepts his theory of the image without much objection, but not rarely asked where began his transfer from the philosophy of science to the images. We propose a hypothesis that the beginning of the new concept of Bachelard's image was inspired by studies of contemporary science, especially quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg's uncertainty principle was the core of quantum mechanics, and opens new perspectives on the material world. We could summarize the message of the uncertainty principle : the material world is made up of various layers, and the material can not be measured by the location and movement at the same time. So we must have a new point of view of another dimension to know this material world. Bachelard had accepted this view of Heisenberg and developed his own theory of epistemological rupture. What is revolutionary in the theory of Bachelard's image is the fact that he looked at the images with the new perspective. The human psyche is another world compared to the rational world that dominates our daily lives. Bachelard insists that the image can not be explained by the concept. The fantasy world is a totally different world to that of rationality. That is why it can not be explained by the language of rationality as the concept. The imaginary world exists independently of the real world, but it is superimposed on the real world. These two worlds are influencing each other, and it is between these two world where our daily lives continues. The declaration of Bachelard 'image is a specific reality' is never a metaphor or rhetorical expression. This is an ontological expression that must truthfully. The imaginary world is a world built on the image and it works according to its own law. It is not a representation or copy of the real world. But the world of imagination are not alone. It exists in the same time and space with the world of science. It is superimposed with the world of science. Both two world influence each other. Bachelard has made a revolutionary change by studying the images. He gave them their own place. It has changed the views on the images that were treated as mere representations of reality. Thanks to him, the image can have its own value, that of a factor that creates reality. Bachelard shows how we can go deep into the source of being and the universe if we look at the pictures with the eyes of other dimensions.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.171-206
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• 2016

20세기 초 동아시아에서 러시아의 아나키즘 사상가 크로포트킨은 아나키즘 운동뿐만 아니라 지식 사상계 그리고 문학계에 매우 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 본고는 일본과 중국 그리고 이후 한국에서 사회주의 사상의 하나로 받아들여지고 각 방면에서 사상적 지침이 되었던 크로포트킨 저작의 수용사를 번역 양상과 번역 경로라는 관점에서 접근한 것이다. 식민지 조선에서 크로포트킨이 적극적으로 수용된 것은 오스기 사카에 등 일본의 선구적인 번역 작업들에 힘입은 바 크다는 것은 주지의 사실이나, 조선어로 번역되면서 다양한 참조와 변용 그리고 자기화의 과정을 거쳤음을 알 수 있다. '청년에게 호소함'과 같은 크로포트킨의 저작은 불온 선전물 팸플릿으로 검열과 단속의 대상이었지만 여러 경로로 수입되고 또 번역되어 20년대 선전문 번역의 존재 양상을 증언하고 있다. 당시에 신문 잡지 미디어에 소개된 크로포트킨에 관한 글들은 초기의 번역들이 그러하듯이 대부분 일본어 중역이거나 초역인 경우가 많다. 그러나 한편으로 중국쪽의 자료들이 참조된 경우들을 확인할 수 있는데 이는 중국이라는 번역의 매개와 영향관계를 암시한다. 이후 1930년대에는 사상 운동의 차원에서보다는 문학자와 비평가로서 크로포트킨을 전유하는 현상이 두드러지는데, 이를 통해 동아시아에서 러시아 문학을 이해하고 해석하는 주요한 통로이자 논거로서 크로포트킨이 자리하게 된 사정을 이해할 수 있다. 조선에서 크로포트킨 번역은 대부분 일본과 중국을 매개로 하여 동아시아에서 크로포트킨이 받아들여진 맥락 안에 놓이면서도 조선어로 번역하기라는 과제를 둘러싼 고투의 흔적들을 남기고 있다는 점에서 문제적이다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.725-735
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• 2022

본 연구는 간호사를 형상화한 문학 작품들을 대상으로 이들 작품이 간호사에 대한 다양한 담론들을 어떻게 수용하여 문학적으로 재현하고 있는지를 분석했다. 분석대상은 간호사가 등장하는 한국 현대소설로 1927년에서 2016년까지 29개의 작품을 선정했다. 분석 방법은 질적 연구방법 중 소설에 대한 내용분석이다. 분석단위는 소설 속의 간호사 이미지를 다루고 있는 서술이나 대화가 나오는 문장을 하나의 분석단위로 채택하고, 선행연구의 이미지 결정 요소를 통합하여 4가지 유형으로 범주화하여 고찰했다. 소설 속 간호사 이미지를 분석한 결과 첫째, 전통적 이미지 유형으로는 이광수 『사랑』, 김의정 「닥터 한」, 정도상 『푸른방』, 조정래 『한강』, 공지영 「별들의 들판」, 서성란 「겨울 손」, 백민석 「불쌍한 꼬마 한스」 둘째, 사회적 이미지 유형으로는 강경애 「어둠」, 김경욱 「천국의 문」, 최정희 「천맥」, 이제하 「나그네는 길에서도 쉬지 않는다」, 원재길 「꽃바람」 셋째, 전문적 이미지 유형으로는 이청준 「조만득 씨」, 「퇴원」, 최인훈 「광장」, 김연수 「주쌩뚜디피니를 듣던 터널의 밤」, 정세랑 『보건교사 안은영』 그리고 넷째, 개인적 이미지 유형으로는 최인호 「견습환자」, 김정한 「제 3병동」, 은희경 『마이너리그』, 김훈 「화장」, 하성란 『식사의 즐거움』, 김지연 「히포크라테스의 연가」, 김진명의 「하늘이여 땅이여」, 박경리 「불신시대」, 유순하 「금빛 햇살」, 정미경 「비소여인」으로 유형화하였다. 이러한 소설 속 간호사의 이미지를 통해 소설은 인간 돌봄에 시사하는 함의를 논의하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2021

연구자의 작품에 투영되어 있는 탈주체의 형상과 속성, 그리고 탈주 방식 등을 들뢰즈와 가타리가 사회 변혁의 방식으로 제시한 리좀적 사유에 연결시켜 살펴보고, 그것이 사회적으로 어떠한 의미를 내포하고 있는지 밝혀보았다. 연구자의 작품에 투영된 탈주체는 어떤 완성체가 아니며 언제나 변화와 생성을 전제하고 있는 질료와 같은 것이다. 이 탈주체는 유·무의식적 욕망이 존재한다. 이 욕망은 들뢰즈와 가타리가 모순된 사회 변화를 추구하는 등의 긍정적 속성을 지닌 생성의 욕망이다. 탈주체에 이 욕망을 배치하게 되면 탈주을 감행한다. 이 탈주 방식은 들뢰즈와 가타리가 제시한 리좀적이다. 이것은 모순된 것을 해체하고, 외부와의 연결·접속과 단절을 반복하면서 새로운 질서를 생성한다. 작품에 등장하는 리좀적 탈주체는 반복적 붓질을 한 색면과 결합된 오브제를 가변 설치하여 탈주하는 과정과 방식을 추상적으로 표현한 것이다. 이 작품에서 탈주하는 탈주체들의 목표는 존재자들의 가치와 자유롭고 창조적인 삶을 인정하는 공간으로 안전하게 착륙하는 것이다. 이 탈주체들은 드넓은 초원을 유동하면서 끊임없이 새로운 풍경을 생성하는 노마드이며, 모순된 사회에 저항하는 예술가, 문학가, 즉 들뢰즈와 가타리가 사회 변혁의 개념으로 제시한 전쟁기계와 거리의 열정을 만들며 새로운 가치와 정치를 창안·창조하는 니체의 아곤 개념과 연결된다. 이들이 추구하는 것은 기존 질서를 완전 해체하는 것이 아니며, 타자성을 인정하는 가운데 공존할 수 있는 공간을 희망한다.