• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2023

We study the linear-nonlinear quantum transport theory of Wannier-Landau transition system in the confinement of electrons by a square well confinement potential. We use the projected Liouville equation method with the ensemble density projection technique. We select the dynamic value under a linearly oscillatory external field. We derive the dynamic value formula and the memory factor functions in three electron phonon coupling systems and electron impurity coupling systems of two transition types, the intra-band transitions and inter-band transitions. We obtain results that can be applied directly to numerical analyses. For simple example of application, we analyze the absorption power and line-widths of ZnO, through the numerical calculation of the theoretical result in the Landau system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 1995

Although the studies carried out in recent years have provied much new information about channel widths and alignment, they are not consistent in their results. In addition, as a result of variations in local condition and type of traffic accommodated, the dimensions of the channel widths vary over a wide range. Therefore, the recommendation made by the maritime engineering organizations over the world, do not offer detailed and decisive optimal design criteria and are all different. It, therefore, was attempted in this paper to draw a decisive guideline on the optimal widths and alignment of the navigational channels, which can be utilized by the port designers at the stage of the planning. The guideline was drawn through the comparison and analysis of the existing guidelines of the U.S.A, Japan and PIANC and simulation experiment. The simulation experiment was carried out using the "Off Line Port and Waterway Design Simulator" to find the optimal dimensions of the widths of the navigational channels. 90 different simulation runs were conducted at the 3 different secenario channels. New guidelines, the result of the study, is expected to be used usefully by the Korean port designers when designing the rapodly developing ports in Korea. in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1111-1125
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• 2010

Study is a basic analysis of a future virtual clothing system based on a comparative analysis of all the shirring, using a 3-dimensional apparel cad system. Frilled skirts shirred at the lower hemline were the subject of this study for a comparison of expression and shape of shirring. It compared the silhouette and details expressed in virtual and real skirts made of woolen fabrics and polyester satin, with different widths (1.5, 2 and 2.5 widths). It was found that the virtual skirt could not express shirring as exquisitely as the real skirt due to fabric thickness and other fabric characteristics. In addition, the increase in widths caused the frill shape to deform badly. In the case of a virtual skirt made of polyester satin, the increased multiplication factor let the frill spread out sharply (unlike the real skirt). Simulated skirts of polyester satin and woolen spread out to the sides with the sidelines of their frills hanging down markedly (unlike the real cloths) when the frills changed from 1.5 widths to 2 widths. When it came to the virtual skirt, side-line from the hip down all the way short of frill contorted with the wrinkle multiplication factor of 2 and 2.5 widths. This phenomenon was more notable in polyester satin skirts than in woolen skirts.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2372-2374
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• 2003

With 3-D vision measuring, camera calibration is necessary to calculate parameters accurately. Camera calibration was developed widely in two categories. The first establishes reference points in space, and the second uses a grid type frame and statistical method. But, the former has difficulty to setup reference points and the latter has low accuracy. In this paper we present an algorithm for camera calibration using perspective ratio of the grid type frame with different line widths. It can easily estimate camera calibration parameters such as focal length, scale factor, pose, orientations, and distance. But, radial lens distortion is not modeled. The advantage of this algorithm is that it can estimate the distance of the object. Also, the proposed camera calibration method is possible estimate distance in dynamic environment such as autonomous navigation. To validate proposed method, we set up the experiments with a frame on rotator at a distance of 1,2,3,4[m] from camera and rotate the frame from -60 to 60 degrees. Both computer simulation and real data have been used to test the proposed method and very good results have been obtained. We have investigated the distance error affected by scale factor or different line widths and experimentally found an average scale factor that includes the least distance error with each image. It advances camera calibration one more step from static environments to real world such as autonomous land vehicle use.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 1989

The power spectral densities of run-length-limited(RLL) minimum-bandwidth(MB) line codes are obtained for some values of the zero probability of input data. They can be obtianed by implementing a computer program for the G.L. Cariolaro's algorithm. Using the program we calculate the power spectra of the known RLL MB line codes, such as VDB5, TIB5, VMDB5, RMD35, DRMD35, RMD45, and RMD33, and compare the characteristics of them. Specially, the relationship between eye widths and power spectra is analyzed.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2000

Laser direct patterning of the coated photoresit (PMER-NSG31B) layer was studied to make halftone dots on gravure printing roll. The selective laser hardening of photoresist by Ar-ion laser(wavelength : 333.6nm∼363.8nm) was controlled by the A/O modulator. The coating thickness in the range of 5㎛∼11㎛ could be obtained by using the up-down directional moving device along the vertically located roll. The width, thickness and hardness of the hardened lines formed under laser power of 200∼260㎽ and irradiation time of 4.4∼6.6$\mu$ sec/point were investigated after developing. The hardened width increased according to the increase of coating thickness. Though the hardened thickness was changed due to the effect of the developing solution, the hardened layer showed good resistance to the scratching of 2H pencil. Also, the hardened minimum line widths of 10㎛ could be obtained. The change of line width was also found after etching, and the minimum line widths of 6㎛ could be obtained. The hardened lines showed the good resistance to the etching solution. Finally, the experimental data could be applied to make gravure halftone dots using the developed imaging process, successfully.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.557-564
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• 2015

In this paper, the compact antenna for handsets is designed using FR-4 substrate for LTE(905-960 MHz), WCDMA(1922.8-2167.2 MHz), DCS(1710.2-1879.8 MHz), US-PCS(1850.2-1989.8 MHz), WLAN(2400-2483 MHz). The CPW line with many advantages and a spiral geometry for miniaturization is proposed. Widths of a spiral line are constant, and three stubs are added to broaden the bandwidth. Lengths and widths of three stubs are gradually changed. And proposed antenna is optimized for VSWR<3, designed, and fabricated. The dimension of this antenna is only $40{\times}30{\times}1mm3$ which is compact. It has been demonstrated by experiment that the compact planar antenna can be used as the mobile communication LTE antenna for 4G.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.43.2-44
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• 2020

We have carried out high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observations toward 16 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) showing strong H2 emission features. A dozen bright H2 emission lines are clearly detected for individual SNRs, and we have measured their central velocities, line widths, and fluxes. For all SNRs except one (G9.9-0.8), the H2 line ratios are well consistent with that of thermal excitation at T~2000 K and their line widths are broader than ~10 km s-1, indicating that the H2 emission lines are most likely from shock-excited gas and therefore that they are physically associated with the remnants. The kinematic distances to the 15 SNRs are derived from the central velocities of the H2 lines using a Galactic rotation model. We derive for the first time the kinematic distances to four SNRs: G13.5-0.2, G16.0-0.5, G32.1-0.9, G33.2-0.6. Among the rest 11 SNRs, the central velocities of the H2 emission lines for six SNRs are well consistent (±5 km s-1) with those obtained in previous radio observations, while for the other five SNRs (G18.1-0.1, G18.9-1.1, Kes 69, 3C 396, W49B), they are significantly different. We discuss the velocity discrepancies in these five SNRs. In G9.9-0.8, the H2 emission shows non-thermal line ratios and very narrow line width (~4 km s-1), and we discuss its origin.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.151-156
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• 2001

Using the photoimageable thick film conductors, $25\mu\textrm{m}$ line widths and $25\mu\textrm{m}$ spaces can be obtained. Test patterns are made by green tape lamination, paste printing, exposing to UV light, developing in an aqueous process and cofiring. Postfiring method using alumina substrate can be also applied to fine line formation. Series gap resonator formed by photopatterning process showed the improved signal transmission characteristics compared to that obtained by conventional screen printing.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation and ratio between the calcaneal length and width for predicting the width of calcaneus. Materials and Methods: A total of 190 feet (190 patients) were included based on computed tomography scans. The length of calcaneus (CL) was measured on the line connecting the center of a circle tangent to the cortical margin in the anterior and posterior parts of the calcaneus in a sagittal plane (W1, W2). The width of the calcaneus was defined as the horizontal line of each part (W1, W2, W3) on the same axial plane. The relationship between the measurement was determined through a correlation analysis. The reliability was assessed based on intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: The CL and widths of calcaneus (W1, W2, W3) had a good positive correlation (r=0.848 [W1/CL], r=0.738 [W2/CL], r=0.769 [W3/CL]; p<0.001). The mean CL and widths ratios were 0.33 (W1/CL), 0.37 (W2/CL), and 0.37 (W3/CL). Using these ratios to estimate the widths by multiplying each ratio by the measured calcaneal length, we found a difference between the estimated calcaneal widths and the actual measured calcaneal widths values was 0.25 mm, 0.43 mm, and 0.16 mm. All measurements showed good-to-excellent inter- and intraobserver reliability. Conclusion: This study analyzed the correlation and ratio between the length and width of the calcaneus. The results will help orthopedic surgeons fixate screws in a stable manner to prevent iatrogenic injuries to the medial neurovascular structures of the calcaneus.