• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2007

The effects of Jujubae Fructus and Licorice extracts on the main components of Sijotang Euphorbiae Kansui Radix, Daphinis Genkwa Flos, Euphonrbiae Pekinensis Radix (KWD) treatment [KWD decoction (KWDD) and KWD powder (KWDP)] related toxicities were examined in the kidney and the liver. To select more suitable extract which effectively reduce KWD-treatment related toxicities in the body, blood biochemical and histopathological changes induced by KWD were analyzed in the rats which received treament of KWD + Jujubae Fructus or KWD + Licorice. In the present study, no KWD-treatment related blood biochemical and histopathological change in the liver was detected. However, increase of tubules containing hyaline casts and atrophic tubules in the kidney was detected as the indicators of KWDD treatment related nephrotoxicity. Addition of Jujubae Fructus (KWDDJ) or Licorice (KWDDL) extracts effectively inhibited the nephrotoxcity induced by KWDD treatments. More ameliorated effects were acquired by addition of Jujubae Fructus extract (KWDDJ) than Licorice (KWDDL). In KWDP treatment, there was no significant difference in the number of tubules containing hyaline casts in all drug treated groups compared to normal or control group except for high dose of KWDP. Both of Jujubae Fructurs and Licorice reduced high dose of KWDP treatment related nephrotoxicity, and there was no significant difference between KWDPJs and KWDPLs. It is concluded that addition of Jujubae Fructus is more suitable than Licorice in reducing the nephrotoxicty of KWDD, also it is more suitable to taking Sipjotang in the form of powder than decoction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.280-284
• /
• 1996

Licorice has been widely used in combination with other herbs or synthetic drugs for various disorders. In an effort to study the effect of licorice roots (Glycyrrhizae Radix, GR) and glycyrrhizin on the hepatic glucuronidation, we have previously found that the pretreatment of GR or glycyrrhizin for 6 days resulted in a marked increase in the enzymatic activity of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-inducible hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isozyme that has high affinity toward phenolic substrates (p-nitrophenol form, UGTIA) in Sprague-Dawley rats. As an approach to elucidate the mechanism for the enzyme activation by licorice in rat liver, we examined the levels of hepatocellular mRNAs for UGTIA upon the treatment of GR or glycyrrhizin. The hepatic mRNAs were extracted from Sprague-Dawley rats and Wistar rats after the treatment of the methanol extract of GR (1 g/kg, p.o.), glycyrrhizin (23 mg/kg, p.o.) for 6 days, or 3-MC (40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days. Using the UGT1A1 CDNA as a probe, we found that the mRNAs for the enzyme were induced by 3-MC treatment while those were influenced neither by GR nor by glycyrrhizin in both strains of rats. These results indicate that the activation of rat liver UGTI A by licorice and glycyrrhizin was not due to the induction of mRNAs for the enzyme.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of licorice supplementation on muscle injury, plasma cortisol, testosterone and insulin sensitivity after high intensity resistance exercise. Methods : The fourteen health college male students were voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups: Control group (CON, n=7), Licorice group (LR, n=7). LR group ingested 2 g/time of licorice extract (mixed with 100 ml of water) two times/day for 10 days while the CON group ingested 100 ml of water. All subjects performed a high intensity resistance exercise (half-squat, 8 RM at 80% one-repetition maximum, 5 sets, 1min rest). Blood samples were collect before (-7) and after (0) licorice supplementation, and then 1 day, 2 day and 3 day post exercise. After 10 day treatment, plasma creatine kinase, cortisol, testosterone, glucose, insulin were measured. To determine the insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR was calculated. Results : Plasma creatine kinase activities were significantly elevated after exercise, but there was not different between two groups. The plasma cortisol and testosterone levels were not significantly different between two groups. Plasma glucose levels were increased at 1 day and 2 day after exercise in the LR comparing with CON group (P<0.05) but plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in comparison with CON. HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the LR than CON group at 0 day to 3 day (P<0.05). Conclusions : The results of the current study suggest that licorice supplementation for 10 days might not attenuate the high-intensity exercise-induce muscle injury but may enhance the whole-body insulin sensitivity.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.584-588
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 한방재료인 감초에서 식품의 보존력을 가지는 항산화성 유효 성분을 추출하기 위해 추출용매, 에탄올 농도, 온도, 시간 등의 여러 조건에서 추출실험을 수행하였다. 조제된 감초 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 상용중인 항산화제와 항산화 활성을 비교하고 열과 pH 변화에 대한 안정성을 확인하여 천연 식품보존료로서의 이용 가능성을 검토하였다. 감초를 물, 메탄올, 에탄올, 아세톤, 에칠 아세테이트, 헥산 등의 용매로 추출하였을 때 항산화 활성은 극성이 높은 유기용매에서 높은 활성을 보였으며, 에탄올이 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 에탄올 농도별로 추출하였을 때는 무수에탄올일 때 항산화 활성이 가장 높았으며 95% 농도와는 유의한 차를 보이지 않아 추출 용매는 95% 에탄올로 선택하였다. 95% 에탄올로 감초를 추출할 때 은도와 시간은 항산화 활성에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 감초를 95%에탄올로 상온에서 12시간 추출하며 감압건조한 감초 에탄올 추출물은 천연 항산화제인 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$과 비교하여 free radical 소거능은 약하지만 유지산패 억제능력은 훨씬 더 좋았다. 감초 에탄올 추출물의 열과 pH처리에 따른 항산화 활성은 큰 현화를 보이지 않아 열과 pH에는 비교적 안정하다고 판단된다. 따라서 감초 에탄올 추출물은 항산화 활성도 뛰어날 뿐만 아니라 열과 pH에 대해서도 안정하여 천연보존료로서 사용이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Neuroinflammation plays critical role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effect of three licorice varieties, Glycyrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and Shinwongam (SW) on a mouse model of inflammation-induced memory and cognitive deficit. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and orally administrated G. uralensis, G. glabra, and SW extract (150 mg/kg/day). SW, a new species of licorice in Korea, was combined with G. uralensis and G. glabra. Behavioral tests, including the T-maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze, were carried out to assess learning and memory. In addition, the expressions of inflammation-related proteins in brain tissue were measured by western blotting. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in spatial and objective recognition memory in LPS-induced cognitive impairment group, as measured by the T-maze and novel object recognition test; however, the administration of licorice ameliorated these deficits. In addition, licorice-treated groups exhibited improved learning and memory ability in the Morris water maze. Furthermore, LPS-injected mice had up-regulated pro-inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, via activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF{\kappa}B$) pathways in the brain. However, these were attenuated by following administration of the three licorice varieties. Interestingly, the SW-administered group showed greater inhibition of iNOS and TLR4 when compared with the other licorice varieties. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain of LPS-induced cognitively impaired mice that were administered licorice, with the greatest effect following SW treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The three licorice varieties ameliorated the inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction by down-regulating inflammatory proteins and up-regulating BDNF. These results suggest that licorice, in particular SW, could be potential therapeutic agents against cognitive impairment.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.230-238
• /
• 2023

Glabridin is a well-known active isoflavone found in the root of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) that possess a wide range of biological activity. Plant cells, hairy roots, and fungal endophytes cultures are the most important alternative methods for plant resources conservation and sustainable production of natural compounds, which has received much attention in recent decades. In the present study, an efficient culture condition was optimized for the biomass accumulation and glabridin production from fungal endophyte Aspergillus eucalypticola SBU-11AE isolated from licorice root. Type of culture medium, range of pH, and licorice root extract (as an elicitor) were tested. The results showed that the highest and lowest biomass production was observed on PCB medium (6.43 ± 0.32 g/l) and peptone malt (5.85 + 0.11 g/l), respectively. The medium culture PCB was produced the highest level of glabridin (7.26 ± 0.44 mg/l), while the lowest level (4.47 ± 0.02 mg/l) was obtained from the medium peptone malt. The highest biomass (8.51 ± 0.43 g/l) and glabridin (8.30 ± 0.51 mg/l) production were observed from the PCB medium adjusted with pH = 6, while the lowest value of both traits was obtained from the same medium with pH = 7. The highest production of total glabridin (10.85 ± 0.84 mg/l) was also obtained from the culture medium treated with 100 mg/l of the plant root extract. This information can be interestingly used for the commercialization of glabridin production for further industrial applications.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.689-695
• /
• 2007

국산 감초를 처리온도, 시간 및 첨가수분함량을 변수로하여 열처리한 다음 에틸아세테이트와 에탄올로 추출하여 성분 및 생리활성 변화를 분석하고 반응표면분석으로 최적화 조건을 조사하였다. 에틸아세테이트 추출물의 추출수율은 $130^{\circ}C$, 3시간, 가수량 50%일 때 10.90%로 무처리구의 0.80%보다 높았으며, 에탄올 추출물은 $120^{\circ}C$, 2시간, 가수량 20%로 처리한 시료가 25.00%로 무처리구의 15.80%보다 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열처리구가 무처리구보다 높았으며, 에탄올 추출물의 $120^{\circ}C$, 2시간, 가수량 20% 처리구가 845.67 mg/100 g으로 무처리구의 277.00 mg/100 g보다 높았다. 항산화활성($IC_{50}$)은 열처리구가 무처리구보다 높게 나타났으며, 에틸아세테이트 추출물 $120^{\circ}C$, 2시간, 가수량 20% 처리구에서 0.53 g/L로 무처리구의 12.34 g/L보다 매우 높게나타났다. 총항산화력(AEAC)은 모든 처리구에서 무처리구보다 높게 나타났는데 에틸아세테이트 추출물 $120^{\circ}C$, 2시간, 가수량 40% 처리구에서 1,584 mg AA eq로 무처리구의 1,263 mg AA eq보다 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과 감초의 항산화활성, 총 폴리페놀 함량 등을 증가시키기 위한 최적의 열처리 조건은 $120^{\circ}C$, 2시간, 가수량 $20{\sim}40%$로 판단되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.273-277
• /
• 2002

Physiological properties of root and stolen of Gamcho (Licorice, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer) were compared following irradiation at 20 kGy. The root and stolen of Gamcho were extracted with 70 % ethanol, irradiated and stoved in a 4"C refrigerator. Irradiation induced color changes, electron donating ability (EDA), and tyro-sinase inhibition effect (TIE) were investigated. The color of the non-irradiated stolen extract was darker than the non-irradiated root extract (p<0.05), but irradiation eliminated color differences between stolen and root extracts. Generally, irradiation did not affect EDA and TIE of either of the extracts. However, EDA and TIE were higher in stolen extract than in root extract, when the higher dilution factor was considered. These results indicate that the stolen of Gamcho, which is mostly wasted, is a valuable source of phytochemicals with greater EDA and TIE activities than Gamcho root.root.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2003

The heartwood extract of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., which contains a potent tyrosinase inhibitor oxyresveratrol, was evaluated for its melanin-reducing efficacy in both guinea pigs and human volunteers. After 4 week-daily application of the extract dissolved in propylene glycol to the back of guinea pigs, significant reduction in melanin content was detected, with the effect greater than 3% kojic acid and solvent propylene glycol (P < 0.05). The extract was subsequently tested in female volunteers (3 groups of 20 subjects) using a parallel clinical trial with self-control. The first group received the A. lakoocha solution in propylene glycol whereas the second and the third group respectively received 0.25% licorice extract and 3% kojic acid in the same solvent. The subject in each group twice daily applied the test solution on one arm whereas the remaining arm was applied with only propylene glycol (self-control) for 12 weeks. The A. lakoocha extract was found to be the most effective agent, giving the shortest onset of significant whitening after only 4 weeks of application (P < 0.05), followed by 3% kojic acid (8 weeks) and 0.25% licorice extract (10 weeks). The whitening effect also increased with time, with the highest extent observed with A. lakoocha at week 12. The in vitro antityrosinase activity of A. lakoocha extract decreased with time upon storage at room temperature but could be stabilized by a combination of several antioxidants. In conclusion, the heartwood extract of A. lakoocha appeared to have promising potential for use as an effective and economical skin-whitening agent.

• 현장농수산연구지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2021

고 문헌에 기록된 부자의 가공수치 포제법으로 숙부자로 가공하고 인삼, 생강, 감초의 배합으로 폐암세포와 대식세포 독성에 관하여 실험한 결과 1번째 실험군 인삼과 숙부자 처리군에서 100 ㎍/ml 농도에서 독성에 영향을 주기 시작하여 1000 ㎍/ml 농도에서 더 많은 영향을 주었다. 그 중 대식세포 보다는 A549 폐암세포에서 더 많은 세포독성에 영향을 주었다. 그리고 2번째 실험군에 추가로 생강이 배합된 처리군에서는 1000 ㎍/ml 농도부터 세포독성이 시작 되었으며 대식세포 보다는 A549 폐암세포에 세포독성에 더 많은 영향을 주었으며 마지막 3번째 실험군 생강과 감초가 추가된 실험군에서는 100 ㎍/ml 농도에서 A549 폐암세포에 독성이 시작 되었지만 대식세포에는 영향이 없었으며, 1000 ㎍/ml 농도부터 대식세포와 A549 폐암세포에 영향을 주었다. 결론적으로 독성이 강한 부자를 사용함에 있어서는 반드시 숙부자로 가공하여 활용 하여야 하며 인삼, 생강, 감초의 배합으로 정상세포인 대식세포 독성에는 적은 영향과 특정 폐암세포가 더 많은 세포독성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 앞으로도 인삼, 생강, 감초의 복합추출물이 지속적인 연구를 통해 항암활성의 효능을 검증하고 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이라 사료된다.