• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand which factors affect on the leisure constraint and leisure attitude of workers, to observe how the factors of leisure constraints affect on the leisure attitude. The subjects of this study were 267 urban workers who are older than 20 years old and resident in Seoul. The periods of this study was from November 15 to December 5. The modified versions of leisure constraint scale and leisure attitude scale were utilized for this study. The results of this study are as follows : First, as a result to compare the average of leisure constraint factors, intrapersonal constraint, which are individual mental status as interest, self-consciousness, uneasiness et at., was founded generally less than interpersonal constraints as personal relationship for leisure activity, or structural constraints as financial, time, information et at., Secondly, it was found that interpersonal constraint was statistically different in age, and that structural constraint was statistically different in sex, education, health status, marital status, income, and career. Thirdly, there were statistically different in cognitive leisure attitude, feeling leisure attitude, and behavioral leisure attitude according to the average monthly income and career. But, it was found that marital status and the five-day workweek system were not statistically different in 3 leisure attitude factors. Finally, 3 leisure constraint factors(intrapersonal, interpersonal, structural) had statistically significant effect on cognitive leisure attitude. Also, intrapersonal leisure constraint and interpersonal leisure constraint had statistically significant effect on feeling leisure attitude and behavioral leisure attitude

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.428-437
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between leisure constraint, leisure constraint negotiation and leisure participation of Chinese students studying in Korea. A total of 210 respondents, participating in the athletic competition for Chinese students, were selected to conduct this study, using the purposive sampling method. Finally, 194 surveys except 17 respondents, were used for this study. The reliability of the questionnaire was analyzed using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ with SPSS 18.0 and the Simple Regression Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were conducted. As a result, Main findings were as follows; First, leisure constraint had a positive relationship with leisure constraint negotiation. Specifically, leisure constraint had an influence on 'leisure activity partner search' and 'leisure activity intensity control effort' out of leisure constraint negotiation strategies. Second, leisure constraint had a negative relationship with leisure participation. Third, leisure constraint negotiation had no significant influence on leisure participation.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2010

This research looks close the effect of security agent's hierarchical leisure constraint on the leisure motivation and participation based on the Jackson's Model of the hierarchical leisure constraints. This research selected 420 people for sampling, designating security agents who work for security companies located in Seoul in 2009 at present as subjects by utilizing purposive sampling method, but the number of sampling used for ultimate analysis is 356. In this research, reliability analysis's and structural equation modeling's Maximum Likelihood method are used to prove the reliability and validity of questionnaire. By using these research method and procedures, the conclusion of this research is as following. First, intra-personal leisure constraint was affected by interpersonal, structural leisure constraint. Second, leisure motivation was affected negatively by leisure constraint. Third, leisure participation was affected positively by leisure motivation. Synthesizing all things referred above, leisure constraint was affected by inter-personal, structural leisure constraint, and in turn, leisure motivation and leisure participation were affected by its effects. It turned out that leisure motivation has a meaningful effect on leisure participation through leisure participation and adjusting process.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.4 s.206
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• pp.203-223
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• 2005

This study investigated the leisure constraints and leisure life satisfaction of the institutional elderly. The respondents were 302 elderly people residing in 5 free institutionalized elderly homes in Seoul. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, One-way ANOVA, Duncan's post hoc test and regression analysis using SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 10 items in the proposed scale could be grouped into four factors of constraint on leisure:'physical constraint','psychological constraint','interpersonal constraint', and 'structural constraint 'There were differences in leisure constraints according to sex, age, education degree, interaction with facility colleagues, and interaction with facility staff. There were differences in leisure life satisfaction according to sex, age, having religion or not, interaction with facility colleagues, interaction with facility staff and leisure constraints. Regression analysis results indicated that the main effective factors of leisure life satisfaction were leisure constraints.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.197-216
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• 2020

This study aimed to suggest leisure activities and policy-level support in the light of the characteristics and needs among the elderly by examining constraint factors of leisure activities among the elderly. Data of 3887 elderly with the age of 65 and above with economic burden and health problems from the 6th Korean Retirement and Income study were used for the statistical analyses. Hierarchical linear models were tested by entering factors stepswise; demographic factors(age, gender, marriage status, single household, region, living expenses, health status) in the first step, leisure factors(leisure time, leisure motivation) in the second step, and lastly leisure activity factors(desired leisure activities, undesired leisure activities) in the third step. The results were as follows: First, major factors that constrict leisure activities of the elderly were financial burden and health problems. Second, there were significant differences among three(financial constraint, health constraint, and financial and health constraint) groups. Financial constraint group was the highest in the level of leisure satisfaction but leisure time was the shortest. The major reason to do leisure activities of the financial constraint group was to keep relationships with families and friends. In terms of desired leisure activities, health constraint group wanted resting, financial constraint group wanted hobbies and entertainment, and the financial-and-health constraint group wanted social activities. Third, financial constraint group demonstrated higher levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted to take care of pets or gardens; however, they showed lower levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted to domestic trips for desired leisure activities. In case of health constraint group, they demonstrated lower levels of leisure activity satisfaction whether or not they wanted resting like watching TV or listening to the radio. And, the showed higher levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted social activities such as participation in religion or social gathering organizations. For the financial-and-health constraint group, whereas they showed lower levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted walking around or watching TV, and domestic trips for desired leisure activities, they demonstrated higher levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted entertainment doing the game of go, or chess, and hobbies like hiking and social activities. Practice and policy level suggestions to offer leisure activities that meet the needs of the elderly were made based on the study results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.317-325
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• 2010

This study aims to deduct the extensive improvement types of leisure activities of private security agents using PPA technique and to examine the influence of leisure constraint on the index of participation. Through this process, this study consequently will draw the priority list of investment on the policy for improving the welfare status of private security agents. In this study, judgement sampling was applied to 6 security agencies located in Seoul, 2010, and 267 cases were used in the final analysis. Collected data went through factor analysis, reliability analysis, paired t test, PPA analysis, and regression analysis by using SPSSWIN 17.0. The conclusions were drawn as follows. In regard to the reliability, Cronbach's $\alpha$ was over .768. First, there was a difference between the preference rate and the participation rate which are the participation index of the private security agents' leisure activities. concentrate here in leisure types turned out to be fitness activities, walking/jogging, tourism, a day-long travel, and keep up the cood work in leisure types are movies, domestic tourist attractions, dating, eating out, personal relationship, watching sports, reading, karaoke, TV video watching, drinking etc. low priority in leisure types are water sports, hiking, biking, soccer, photography, ball games, sky sports, playing go/janggi, inline skates, and cooking. Second, the leisure constraint affects the participation index of leisure activities. As the personal constraint, and surrounding conscious constraint which are the subordinate factors of the leisure constraint get bigger, the participation index of favored leisure activities become lower. In contrast, when the difficulties such as structural constraint, time and economical constraint are overcome, participation index of leisure activities go on the rise.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.231-251
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• 2004

The purpose of this study us to determine the adolescents' leisure activity pattern, leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction and to identify the relevant variables. The subjects were middle and high school students. The data was collected by using the questionnaire and the final 741 cases were analyzed by SPSS Win 10.0 program. The major findings were as follows: 1. The adolescents' leisure activity hours were 2.27hours/day(weekday), 4.20hours/day(Saturday) and 5.35hours/day(Sunday). On weekdays, female students spent more time for leisure activity than male students. The most frequent activities were watching TV and playing computer. 2. The adolescents' leisure constraints were social-economic, psychological and situational. The degree of the adolescents' situational constraint was the highest. 3. The adolescents' leisure satisfactions were leisure use, leisure condition and leisure meaning. The adolescents' degree of leisure meaning satisfaction was relatively high. 4. The major related variable influencing the leisure satisfaction were psychological constraint, situational constraint and gender.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2011

This research puts the purpose in elucidating the effect of participation types of leisure activity and leisure restraints on life quality. To achieve research purpose, questionnaire survey was conducted on 200 subjects who are engaged in private guard companies with ages over 20. Using the collected data, frequency analysis was conducted in order to identify demographic characteristics with SPSS/WIN 17.0V program. In addition, multiple regression analysis was conducted for solving research questions. As a result, sports related participation type had a positive effect on time constraint factor. Meanwhile, hobby related participation type had a positive effect on time and cost constraint, participation type of watching has a positive effect on individual and social constraint. Tour and play related participation type had a positive effect on individual constraint factor. Meanwhile participation type of sociality had a positive effect on individual constraint and hobby factor, but had a negative effect on familial and social constraint. Sports related participation type had a positive effect on social relationship factor. Participation type of watching and play related participation type had a negative effect on family relationship. Finally, time constraint factor had a positive effect on family relationship, and cost constraint factor had a positive effect on entire quality of life. Individual and family constraint factors had a negative effect on leisure relationship factor. Also, social constraint factor had a positive effect on family relationship, but had a negative effect on leisure relationship.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.241-263
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• 2013

Time pressure and financial burden have been reported as the main constraints on leisure participation. The purpose of this study was to explore a typology of leisure constraints, investigate the characteristics of leisure constraint types, and analyze the differences in leisure participation by the types of leisure constraints for married employees. The data source for this research was the 2009 Time Use Survey conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO). Married employees aged 20 to 59 years completed 13,476 time diaries (7,984 for male, 5,492 for female), which were analyzed using chi-square, cluster analysis, and ANOVA analysis. Leisure constraints were classified into five types in two categories, working time per week and personal income for both males and females respectively. The three types for both males and females were time-income constraints, income constraints, and general constraints, with an additional type for men, $time^+$-income constraints, and an additional type for women, time constraint. The most common type was general constraints, for both males and females. Each type was further differentiated by the following socio-economic variables: age, educational level, job type, and weekly day-off. The study found that participation in study, sports, and religious activities varied with the types of leisure constraints.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-93
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived father's rearing attitude and leisure satisfaction/leisure constraint in junior high school students. A survey was conducted using a convenient sample drawn from 448 students from eleven junior high school in Seoul area. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. The results showed that students who perceived their father's rearing attitude as affection-rational explanation performed more of out-door leisure activity with their family. Perceived father's rearing attitude and self-efficacy was positively related with leisure satisfaction but negatively related with leisure constraint. In addition, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between perceived father's rearing attitude and leisure satisfaction/leisure constraint. These results suggest the leisure activity could be increased by father's rearing attitude through improving self-efficacy. Therefore, to improve the leisure activity through increase of leisure satisfaction and decrease of leisure constraint, father should raise their children in love and help to grow their self-efficacy.