• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate implications of self-directed learning experiments in elementary science education through understanding elementary school students' awareness of their experiences in self-directed learning experiments. Twenty students joined the school science club voluntarily and conducted self-directed learning experiments. We collected data through observation of the experiments, interviews, and questionnaires. The students who participated in the club showed high satisfaction with self-directed learning experiments. The participants were aware that their scientific interest and knowledge, and the confidence in conducting experiments were increased. The students felt positive about the inquiry process of conducting self-directed learning experiments with their own subjects. They also felt a sense of achievement in attempting their experiments in defiance of several failures. The participants realized that the self-directed inquires led to increased declarative and procedural knowledge of science. The students stated that they had some difficulties in coping with the different results contrary to expectations and preparing laboratory materials and instruments. Nonetheless, they showed the promotion of their scientific literacy during overcoming those difficulties. We suggest that self-directed learning experiments can be a more effective way in science learning to make students experience the nature of science than existing school experiments. This can be implemented through a creative experience activities such as science clubs.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2008

이 연구에서는 중학생들이 '원의 성질' 단원의 증명학습 과정에서 어떤 어려움을 겪는지를 조사하여 GSP를 활용한 증명학습이 학생들의 어려움을 어떻게 완화시키는지를 탐구하였다. 진단검사를 통해, 학생들은 가정과 결론의 이해, 기호의 사용, 추론 과정 등에서 어려움을 겪고 있음을 확인하였다. 한편, 학생들은 GSP를 활용한 증명학습을 통해 자신의 추측이나 추론에 대한 피드백을 받을 수 있고, 구체적인 사례를 일반화하거나 증명에 필요한 아이디어를 능동적으로 찾는 탐구 태도를 형성할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2020

Purpose: In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, nursing education will change in a different way than before. The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of qualitative research on learning experiences for nursing students, and to suggest directions for nursing education geared to the needs of the future. Methods: An integrative review method was used. Based on Whittemore & Knafl's approach, five steps were applied. Results: Eleven papers met the selection criteria and had above average ratings in quality appraisals. Three characteristics related to the learning experiences of nursing students were derived: (1) overcoming difficulties in the learning process and concentrating on problem-solving, (2) improving self-efficacy through experiencing achievement in the learning process, (3) establishing nursing professionalism, (4) identifying the importance of self-directed and self-reflected learning, and (5) developing teamwork. Conclusion: This review found that various learning experiences were conducted for practical experience and learner-oriented learning. Nursing students overcame difficulties to achieve their learning outcomes, and developed their professionalism. Further study is required to comprehensively explore research including other countries, and the experiences of instructors.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.262-276
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the elementary teachers' views and students' views about the difficulties in teaching and learning on open inquiry activities of elementary school science. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with three elementary teachers who have serviced more than three years, and with twenty four elementary students attending schools located in Cheongju City. And their anecdotes were collected and analyzed. The interview questions were developed through Seidman's steps to acquire the reliability in the interview data. From the interviews and anecdotes, we found that elementary teachers' views about the difficulties of teaching open inquiry activities: the difficulties of teaching in finding inquiry problem and planning inquiry, the difficulties of managing group activities, the difficulties of managing class hours for inquiry, the lack of the students' inquiry abilities, and problems on students' affective characteristics. And the students have the views about the difficulties in doing open inquiry activities: the difficulties of finding inquiry problem and planning inquiry, being unaccustomed to write reports, the troubles with investigating, problems on affective characteristics, the difficulties of joining in a group, and the lack of inquiry abilities. The teachers give suggestions for effective application of the open inquiry activities: first, the teachers must encourage students' emotion and will in doing open inquiry activities, second, there must be the steady inquiry teaching and learning in ordinary elementary science classes. Based on the results, this study suggested that elementary teachers should concern specially about students' being unaccustomed to write reports and the troubles in doing scientific investigation.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 융합인재교육(STEAM) 수업을 위해 같은 학교에 근무하는 동 학년 교사 3명이 교사학습공동체를 구성하여 공동지도안을 작성하고 수업하는 모습을 살펴 시사점을 도출하는데 있다. 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결론에 도달하였다. 동 학년 교사학습공동체는 STEAM 수업을 실행하는데 도움을 준다. 교사들은 교사학습공동체를 통해 STEAM 수업의 어려움을 극복하고 수업을 실행하였다. 본 연구 참여 교사들이 생각한 STEAM 수업의 어려움은 연구시간 확보의 문제, STEAM 수업 진행이 어려운 문제, 그리고 STEAM 수업 연구가 어렵다는 문제이다. 교사들은 교사학습공동체에서 공동지도안을 작성하면서 수업에 대한 부담을 극복하였고 좋은 수업을 설계하기 위한 아이디어를 공유하고 교차 점검하는 등의 노력을 했다. 아울러 공동지도안으로 실행한 수업을 서로 참관하면 지도안을 작성할 때 미처 생각하지 못했던 수업 진행상의 어려움을 새롭게 발견하였다. 이를 개선하여 수정된 지도안으로 점점 더 좋은 수업을 하게 되었다. 즉, 학생들이 좀 더 학습 목표에 수월하게 도달하고, 수업 안에서 배움이 더 잘 일어나게 되었다. 이러한 과정을 통해 교사들은 스스로 성장하고 있음을 느꼈다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.656-666
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate early childhood teachers' difficulties in creativity education. The subjects of this study were 10 early childhood teachers. Data were collected from reflective journals and in depth interviews. The results were as follows: First, the difficulties fall into two categories; inter and outer difficulties. Second, inter difficulties were teachers' misunderstanding of creativity. Third, outer difficulties were parent's demand for prerequisite learning, kindergarten director's goals of education, insufficient pre-service teacher education, and a lack of support to teachers.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 2022 개정 과학과 교육과정에 의한 통합과학 교과서를 개발하는 저자들이 교육과정을 이해하고 적용하는 과정에서 느낀 고민과 어려움을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 교육과정에 제시된 용어 및 서술어의 이해, 학습 내용의 구성, 탐구 및 활동, 학습내용의 수준과 범위 등으로 범주로 교과서 저자들의 의견 89개를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 교과서 저자들은 학습 내용의 수준과 범위를 정하는데 가장 많은 어려움을 나타내었다. 그리고 용어와 서술어의 중의적 표현과 모호함에 대해 많은 고민과 어려움을 나타내었다. 학습 내용의 구성 측면에서는 성취기준의 반복적 기술, 성취기준의 배열 순서가 학습의 흐름과 일치하지 않은 점과 관련한 어려움이 제시되었으며, 탐구 및 활동과 관련해서는 체험하거나 실제 구현하기 어려운 탐구 활동 제시, 학습량 적정화에 따른 활동 구성의 제약 등과 관련하여 교과서 집필의 어려움이 제시되었다. 국가적으로 양질의 교과서 개발은 양질의 과학 교육을 위해 필요하기 때문에, 교육과정 개발 주체와 교과서 저자와의 교육과정 이해를 위한 소통이 필요하며, 교과서 개발을 위한 지원 체제가 요구된다

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.485-494
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• 1998

This study is on the theory of Piaget's reflective abstraction and the mechanism of the development of knowledge and the history of algebra and its application to understand the difficulties that many students have in learning algebra. Piaget considers the development of knowledge as a linear process. The stages in the construction of different forms of knowledge are sequential and each stage begins with reorganization. The reorganization consists of the projection onto a higher level from the lower level and the reflection which reconstructs and reorganizes within a lager system that is transferred by profection. Piaget shows that the mechanisms mediating transitions from one historical period to the next are analogous to those mediating the transition from one psychogenetic stage to the next and characterizes the mechanism as the intra, inter, trans sequence. The historical development of algebra is characterized by three periods, which are intra inter, transoperational. The analysis of the history of algebra by the mechanism explains why the difficulties that students have in learning algebra occur and shows that the roles of teachers are important to help students to overcome the difficulties.

• 창의정보문화연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

과거 프로그래밍은 컴퓨팅 관련 전공자들을 대상으로 일부의 학생들이 배우는 과목이었으나, 오늘날 소프트웨어 중심 산업이 도래함에 따라 컴퓨팅사고 교육과 함께 컴퓨팅 문제 해결의 도구로서 모든 전공 분야의 학생들에게 교육이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 컴퓨팅 입문 과목을 필수로 이수해야 하는 학습자들은 익숙하지 않은 컴퓨팅 문제 해결 방식과 프로그래밍 언어라는 새로운 내용에 학습에 큰 어려움을 겪으며 학습 효과, 자신감, 흥미 저하와 같은 부정적인 현상으로 이어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 비전공자들이 프로그래밍 언어 과목을 학습하면서 겪는 어려움의 원인을 설문 조사, 일지 및 성취도를 질적 및 양적 연구로 분석하여 파악하고, 이를 최소화할 수 있도록 방안을 제시하여 향후 어려움을 최소화하는 교육 방안의 설계에 도움이 되고자 한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2005

Problem solving is an important aspect of learning mathematics and has been extensively researched into by mathematics educators. In this paper we analyze the difficulties students encounter in various steps involved in solving problems involving physical and geometrical applications of mathematical concepts. Our research shows that, generally students, in spite of possessing adequate theoretical knowledge, have difficulties in identifying the hidden data present in the problems which are crucial links to their successful resolutions. Our research also shows that students have difficulties in solving problems involving constructions and use of symmetry.