• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 1979

This study was performed to investigated of characteristics of male diploma nursing students. Data were collected by means of a mailed questionnaire. The sample included 29 respondents from 3 diploma nursing colleges during the period of Nov. 1st-15th, 1978. Major findings included. 1 ) Motive by which the objects of this investigation have chosen the science of nursing. Twenty-one (72.4%) responded, “As nursing occupation is a public welfare work, ”the highest rate, eighteen (62.3%) chose on advices of their parents and acquaintances. Seventeen (58.6%) reflected as a means of life with an occupation in hope of employment abroad. 2) Appreciation of nursing occupation. Twenty-two (75.9%) of opinions that the nursing job is called for by society was pre-dominent. While eighteen (62.1%) replied, “It is the job fit for the male sex, too.”“It is admitted as specialized occupation.”, or“It needs various human relation.”3) Degree of satisfaction wilt the science of nursing. Fifteen (51.7%) responded neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, while eight (27.6％) indicated as “satisfied”and four (13.8%) as“dissatisfied.”4) Degree of satisfaction with the faculty. Sixteen (55.2%) replied, “common, ”the highest, while ten (34.5%) indicated as“dissatisfied, ”two (6.9%) as“satisfied.”The reason for dissatisfaction with the faculty; The responses regarding dissatisfaction was twenty-three (79.3%) as insufficiency of the faculty. Thirteen (44.8%) indicated“the lack of personal cultivation of the faculty.”, And eleven (37.9%) indicated as“the quantitive shortage of the faculty, ”or“the vagueness of learning estimation.”5) Degree of satisfaction with the clinical, training. Eight (27.6%) responded as“common, ”or “dissatisfied, ”while seven (24.1%) indicated as“satisfied.”Reason for dissatisfaction with the training ; Twenty (69.0％) indicated“deficiency of personal treatment to the students of the men of business in the hospital”with respect to the reason, eighteen (62.1％) was indicated as gap between theory and practice, while eleven (37.9%) indicated“insufficiency of the equipment and materials of the hospital.”6) Interest in employment after graduation. Twenty-five (86.2%) indicated“going abroad”while fifteen (51.7％) indicated “education of nursing, ”which were the highest responses. Thirteen (44.8%) chose“Community Health Nursing (Health Center, Industrial Health).”7) Interest an employment during clinical nursing. Sixteen (55.2%) was interested in an operating room or the department of anesthesia, while fifteen (51.7%) was indicated “psychiatry, ”Eight (21.6%) chose a intensive care unit or a emergency room.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.4
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• pp.289-350
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• 2006

The world has been rapidly restructured in an agenda of national security from center of military strength to that of economic strength since the post cold-war era China military leadership-division carried out RMA through learning of a lesson from Gulf war in 1990 -1991 and Iraq war in 2003, thus the leadership-division made an attempt to convert the military system to a technical intensive system. The principle based on RMA of China military is (National defense strategy) drafted by the central military committee 1985 and (Four modernization general principles) 1978. China has introduced Russian high-technological arms and equipment in order to build up the military arms greatly thanks to an economical development, and they take pragmatism line as chinese socialism with their strategy to make secure a position as military powers such as they successfully launched a manned spacecraft and are building an air-craft carrie and soon. USA has a theory of dichotomy whether a country is a cooperator for USA, or not. and also enemy or friend since 9.11terror, thus USA is different from their direction of police. This is because USA stands a position as the superpower of the supremacy hegemony of the world. We must be carefully aware that USA considers as important area for Middle east, West south Asia, Central Asia and Northwest Asia to meet the demands of 2lcentury. Accordingly, the focus of USA's military strategy will be probably concentrated at the above mentioned four areas. On the other hand, USA enjoys such a superpower position due to collapse of USSR which was the past main enemy since the post cold war era. We could give an conclusive example as fact that USA has recurred to unilateralism But USA carry on the military operations to the terror groups at global around by converting thje military strike strategy to pre-emptive strike strategy since9.11 terror, 2001. USA seeks for transformation to the mobile military forces with light-quantity oriented in order to carry on such the military operations and makes progress GPR, And the USA forces in Korea makes progress a military renovation as part of such a military strategy. On the other hand, USA promotes the measures of choose for the countries standing at the crossroads of strategy and carries forward a main scheme of provision for four priority aims that the leaders of a hostile country and mis-country shall be prohibited from use and obtainment of weapons of mass destruction. Accordingly, this treatise found out a significant meaning to have an effect on the national security in the korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.73-103
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• 2016

In this study, it investigates the life of normal adolescents who have parents with intellectual disability and their difficulties which suggested social welfare meanings of this study. In order to conduct wide and in-depth analysis on cases by utilizing the characteristics of qualitative case studies, it describes and analyzes the intellectual disability parents' normal children in detail from the viewpoint of an insider through in-depth interviews, various sources and diverse data collecting methods. As for the subject of this study, both parents should be persons with intellectual disability and their child shall be non-disabled and at least a high school student or older. Through the intentional sampling, five late adolescents who were in high school, all males participated in the study. The data collection process had been conducted from January 2014 to May, which is commonly utilized for qualitative case studies, and comparative analysis between cases were practiced for analysis. For credibility of the research results, it obtained severity at each stage by meeting the standard. The analysis results were largely divided into "growth story of non-disabled adolescents" and "life of non-disabled adolescents". Nine upper categories analyzed the common features in each case. The nine categories were "no one tells me to study", "advance while learning the sense of academic achievement", "hide into my own space", "having to grown up early", "different parents but same love", "relatives raised me", "have a friend who accepts me as I am", "being pressed by poverty", and "standing on a knife edge of being hurt and taking heart". Based on the in-depth research on normal teens that have intellectually disabled parents, theoretically speaking, this study expanded the prospect of study on intellectually disabled to their normal, intellectual teenage children. As for practical significance, understanding their parents' intellectual disability, parenting technique training, case management from the community level is suggested. Rregular real condition research of the families, allowance system for economic support et al. is suggested in policy aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2014

This research investigated the relationship among Korean Wave Cultural Contents consumption of Korean food, Korean products, and Learning of the Korean language. The survey targeted non-Koreans who were either interested in or experienced Korean Wave Cultural Contents. Exactly 61.3% of subjects had traveled to Korea. The most common method of experiencing the Korean Wave was via the Internet (57.7%), followed by TV (21.1%) and Mobile (7.7%). The most popular Korean Wave Contents were K-pop (35.2%) and TV Dramas (31.0%). Movies were preferred in the Americas ($3.63{\pm}0.83$) and Asia ($3.63{\pm}1.09$), whereas K-pop was preferred in Asia ($3.68{\pm}1.12$) and games preferred in Europe ($2.50{\pm}1.56$). Regarding Korean food, most participants had tasted Kimchi (81.7%), followed by Bulgogi (74.6%), Bibimbap (66.9%), and Galbi (66.2%). According to the country-by-country survey, in the case of Galbi (p<0.05), Bibimbap (p<0.05), and Bulgogi (p<0.05), Asians had more experiences with Korean food compared to those from other regions. Meanwhile, in the case of satisfaction of Korean food, Bulgogi ($4.22{\pm}1.05$) was ranked highest, whereas Kimchi ($3.85{\pm}1.15$) was ranked lowest. According to the region-by-region survey, those from Oceania and other regions preferred Kimchi ($4.25{\pm}0.71$) and Bulgogi ($4.50{\pm}4.50$) while the Americas preferred Galbi ($4.82{\pm}0.39$) and Bibimbap ($4.54{\pm}0.81$). Bulgogi ($2.76{\pm}0.06$) was highly ranked as a representative Korean Food while Kimchi ($2.44{\pm}0.71$) was ranked the lowest. This research explained that among Korean Wave Cultural Contents, movies and music positively influenced on the 'Image of Korea', movies and K-pop effected 'Purchasing intention of Korean products', and TV Dramas, movies, and K-pop effected 'Purchasing intention of Korean Food'.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-168
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• 2014

From a complex systems perspective, ecohydrological systems in forests may be characterized with (1) large networks of components which give rise to complex collective behaviors, (2) sophisticated information processing, and (3) adaptation through self-organization and learning processes. In order to demonstrate such characteristics, we applied the recently proposed 'process networks' approach to a temperate deciduous forest in Gwangneung National Arboretum in Korea. The process network analysis clearly delineated the forest ecohydrological systems as the hierarchical networks of information flows and feedback loops with various time scales among different variables. Several subsystems were identified such as synoptic subsystem (SS), atmospheric boundary layer subsystem (ABLS), biophysical subsystem (BPS), and biophysicochemical subsystem (BPCS). These subsystems were assembled/disassembled through the couplings/decouplings of feedback loops to form/deform newly aggregated subsystems (e.g., regional subsystem) - an evidence for self-organizing processes of a complex system. Our results imply that, despite natural and human disturbances, ecosystems grow and develop through self-organization while maintaining dynamic equilibrium, thereby continuously adapting to environmental changes. Ecosystem integrity is preserved when the system's self-organizing processes are preserved, something that happens naturally if we maintain the context for self-organization. From this perspective, the process networks approach makes sense.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.929-938
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• 2020

In this study, we estimated missing evapotranspiration (ET) data at a eddy-covariance flux tower in the Cheongmicheon farmland site using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN showed excellent performance in numerical analysis and is expanding in various fields. To evaluate the performance the ANN-based gap-filling, ET was calculated using the existing gap-filling methods of Mean Diagnostic Variation (MDV) and Food and Aggregation Organization Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM). Then ET was evaluated by time series method and statistical analysis (coefficient of determination, index of agreement (IOA), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). For the validation of each gap-filling model, we used 30 minutes of data in 2015. Of the 121 missing values, the ANN method showed the best performance by supplementing 70, 53 and 84 missing values, respectively, in the order of MDV, FAO-PM, and ANN methods. Analysis of the coefficient of determination (MDV, FAO-PM, and ANN methods followed by 0.673, 0.784, and 0.841, respectively.) and the IOA (The MDV, FAO-PM, and ANN methods followed by 0.899, 0.890, and 0.951 respectively.) indicated that, all three methods were highly correlated and considered to be fully utilized, and among them, ANN models showed the highest performance and suitability. Based on this study, it could be used more appropriately in the study of gap-filling method of flux tower data using machine learning method.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.639-647
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce a design methodology of data-centroid Radial Basis Function neural networks with extended polynomial function. The two underlying design mechanisms of such networks involve K-means clustering method and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). The proposed algorithm is based on K-means clustering method for efficient processing of data and the optimization of model was carried out using PSO. In this paper, as the connection weight of RBF neural networks, we are able to use four types of polynomials such as simplified, linear, quadratic, and modified quadratic. Using K-means clustering, the center values of Gaussian function as activation function are selected. And the PSO-based RBF neural networks results in a structurally optimized structure and comes with a higher level of flexibility than the one encountered in the conventional RBF neural networks. The PSO-based design procedure being applied at each node of RBF neural networks leads to the selection of preferred parameters with specific local characteristics (such as the number of input variables, a specific set of input variables, and the distribution constant value in activation function) available within the RBF neural networks. To evaluate the performance of the proposed data-centroid RBF neural network with extended polynomial function, the model is experimented with using the nonlinear process data(2-Dimensional synthetic data and Mackey-Glass time series process data) and the Machine Learning dataset(NOx emission process data in gas turbine plant, Automobile Miles per Gallon(MPG) data, and Boston housing data). For the characteristic analysis of the given entire dataset with non-linearity as well as the efficient construction and evaluation of the dynamic network model, the partition of the given entire dataset distinguishes between two cases of Division I(training dataset and testing dataset) and Division II(training dataset, validation dataset, and testing dataset). A comparative analysis shows that the proposed RBF neural networks produces model with higher accuracy as well as more superb predictive capability than other intelligent models presented previously.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7635-7647
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is modeling nursing competencies and reasoning out the core competencies, the ability for 20% of important actions for nursing jobs which can manage the rest 80% so that the competency-based nursing curriculum can be developed. A literature review of the vast studies regarding competencies was done to understand the concepts of competency-based curriculum, competency, and nursing competencies, identifying the relationships among each nursing competency categorized in accordance with those concepts. An exemplified concept map of core competencies for the competency-based nursing curriculum is suggested based on a thorough review of various competency modeling methodologies. The core competencies consist of base competency (theoretical/practical nursing knowledge and skills), practical competency (clinical judgment, patient education, communication, etc.), and personality competency (leadership, sense of responsibility, cooperation, etc.). The circular relationship among them can remain consistent through self-directed learning and critical thinking. Therefore, a nurse who have those core competencies is a knowledge worker, a self-directed learner, and also an effective, professional communicator. Further studies which solidify the concept of nursing competencies should be done, as well as the feedback procedures which evaluate the program outcomes and then reflect the evaluation results in the curriculum should be followed continuously.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7801-7811
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• 2015

Nursing students do a variety of learning at the practice field during clinical practice. They can recognize the importance and effectiveness of nursing leader. The purpose of this study was to categorize the types by analyzing what are important aspects of nursing leader's role to make effective practice environment nursing students experienced from training course. This research was used Q methodology to understand how nursing students recognize deeply. Participants were involved 30 nursing students who have experienced nursing practices. Q samples included 36 statements gathered from interviews with students who experienced clinical practices and literatures regarding types of nursing leader's role. Furthermore, major factors were analyzed and categorized by using QUANL PC program. As a result of research, there are 4 types of nursing leader's role. The first type is "Maintaining justice and level-headed", the second type is "Creating environment for motivation", the third is "Respecting character and growing capacity up" and the fourth is "Relationship center through confidence". Through the research process, this study is about to make evidences by understanding role of nursing leader for effective environment of practice field.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.901-919
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• 2010

We have examined the perception and the knowledge of science-gifted students and general students in middle school level about high technology related to the science. The subjects of the investigation were 113 gifted students belonging to the universities' science-gifted education center in Busan or Ulsan, and 159 general students belonging to 2 middle schools in Busan. The survey was conducted with questionnaires on the perceptions concerning the high technology related to the science and the knowledge of a cellular phone without an antenna, and an LED(Light Emission Diode). The results of this survey concluded that the gifted students were more interested and aware of the high technology than the general students, these results are statistically significant. It has been found that there are significant differences between the gifted students and the general students in terms of the areas they want to learn, the source of information and the preferred learning method in advanced science and technology. Also, the gifted students were recognized to be better than general students in understanding an electromagnetic wave related to a cellular phone without an antenna, and a semiconductor connection with an LED.