• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

The effect of benzyladenine (BA) on lipid peroxidation and compositions of total insoluble proteins and chloroplast thylakoid protein from wheat primary leaves during senescence in the dark was studied. BA ($10^{-5}\;M$) treatment prevented conspicuously the loss of chlorophyll content and soluble and insoluble leaf protein contents in senescing wheat leaf segments during 4-day dark incubation. Under the BA treatment, especially, the level of insoluble protein was highly maintained than that of soluble protein. Also, the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA: the peroxidation product of membrane lipids) content was inhibited in the BA treated leaves. Three major polypeptide bands in quantity corresponding to 57, 26 and 12 KD molecular weight were clearly resolved with other minor bands by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the insoluble protein fraction. The insoluble protein profiles of the control leaves showed a remarkable decrease in the intensity of the 57 and 12 KD band except for 26 KD band in the 72 h dark incubation. This loss during dark incubation was reduced by BA treatment. More than 20 polypeptides were resolved in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane fraction with the most prominent bands which are 59 and 57 KD ($\alpha\;and\;\beta$ subunit of coupling factor: CF) and 26 KD (apoprotein of LHCP). The changes in thylakoid protein profile during 72 h dark incubation showed the rapid degradation in control, but this degradation was prevented in quantity by BA treatment. The above results suggested that BA would inhibit the peroxidation of membrane lipids, thereby preventing the loss of membrane proteins which led to the maintenance of the membrane integrity including chloroplast thylakoid.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 1994

This study was conducted to clarify high yielding factors of F$_1$ hybrids in terms of the growth characteristics, canopy structure, nitrogen content and nitrogen profile in the canopy. Varieties used in this study were four hybrid rices showing different heterosis in grain yield and their parents. Varieties of Japonica were Reimei (maintainer), TP 681 and TP 1278(restorers), and F$_1$ (Reimei ms ${\times}$ TP 681, Reimei ms ${\times}$ TP 1278) hybrid rices. Those of Indica type were 1378 (maintainer), Milyang 46 and Suweon 287(restorers), and F$_1$ (1378 ms ${\times}$ Milyang 46, 1378 ms ${\times}$ Suweon 287) hybrid rices. High heterosis in F$_1$ hybrid rices were shown in panicles per hill and spikelets per panicle, being greatest in spikelets per panicle. Spikelets per square meter expressed even greater heterosis than those two yield components because of multiplicative effect of them. Heterosisof ripened concentration of leaf nitrogen and steeper gradient of leaf nitrogen in canopy strata but also better productive structure in favor of light interception seemed to have led to higher canopy photosynthesis of F$_1$ hybrids and subsequent higher partition of assimilates for leaf area expantion especially during vegetative growth stage. Higher dry matter production, resulting from these factors, during vegetative stage would have contributed to the production of greater number of spikelets per square meter, and consequently to higher grain yield in F$_1$ hybrids.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.466-475
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• 2017

Dietary supplements have exhibited myriads of positive health effects on human health conditions and with the advent of new technological advances, including in the fields of proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, biological and pharmacological activities of dietary supplements are being evaluated for their ameliorative effects in human ailments. Recent interests in understanding and discovering the molecular targets of phytochemical-gene-protein-metabolite dynamics resulted in discovery of a few protein signature candidates that could potentially be used to assess the effects of dietary supplements on human health. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a folk medicine, commonly used as dietary supplement in China, Japan, and South Korea, owing to its different beneficial health effects including anti-diabetic implications. However, neither mechanism of action nor molecular biomarkers have been discovered that could either validate or be used to evaluate effects of persimmon on human health. In present study, Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic studies were accomplished to discover proteomic molecular signatures that could be used to understand therapeutic potentials of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) in diabetes amelioration. Saliva, serum, and urine samples were analyzed and we propose that salivary proteins can be used for evaluating treatment effectiveness and in improving patient compliance. The present discovery proteomics study demonstrates that salivary proteomic profile changes were found as a result of PLE treatment in prediabetic subjects that could specifically be used as potential protein signature candidates.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative enzymes and isozymes between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible varieties at the booting stage under cold water stress $(13^{\circ}C)$ in japonica rice. Total SOD, CAT, POX, and GR activities on the basis of protein were found to be important factors to defend cold water stress. Especially, SOD and CAT activities showed distinctive differences between chilling-tolerant and -susceptible varieties. Chilling-tolerant varieties were higher than chilling-susceptible varieties for SOD and CAT activities. One of eight isozyme bands for SOD was a inducible isoform. Three isozymes for CAT and one isozyme for POX were closely correlated with defense to cold water stress. Total GR activities except Stejaree 45 on the basis fresh weight and POX were increased by cold water stress, but there was no difference between chilling-tolerant and -sus­ceptible varieties.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.168-172
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• 2004

In India, Gymnema sylvestre due to the unique property of the plant to antagonize the sweet taste is known as 'Gur-mar'. It has several ethnomedicinal values as various tribals/traditional communities and rural peoples of India find diverse medicinal uses viz. antidiabetic, stomachic, diuretic, and is useful in cough and throat troubles. Besides, it has strong effect on reducing blood sugar. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the aerial parts of G. sylvestre collected from three places of the country-Varanasi (U.P), Panchmarhi (M.P), Salem (Tami Nadu) and commercial sample procured from local market. The botanical and physico-chemical parameters of all the samples were quite similar though little variations were observed in foaming index, alcohol and water soluble extractives of local sample. The microscopic characteristics of the drug are horse shoe shaped petiole with 3 amphicribal vascular bundles, sieve tubes well developed; anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface of the leaf, the fan shaped amphicribal vascular bundle, presence of intraxylary phloem. The TLC fingerprint profile of all the samples was more or less similar only the quantity of some of the compounds varied.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Herbal medicines have been used since the dawn of civilization to maintain health and to treat diseases. Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading cause of death in many developed countries. The incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate in India. It was estimated that India which had 19.4 million diabetes in 1995 is expected to register a near threefold increase by. Many plants reported to be useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in ayurvedic medicine, are being tested for their hypoglycemic activity in experimental animals Lagerstroemia flos- reginae is one such plant commonly found as shade trees in Kerala. In Ayurveda both root and leaves are used in the treatment of diabetes. The main objective of this study was to assess the antidiabetic effect of the alcohol extracted leaves of Lagerstroemia flos- reginae in alloxan induced diabetic rats in terms of controlling blood glucose level, lipid profile, bilirubin, uric acid in serum and lipid peroxides and glutathione in the liver of the experimental animals. The present study has been undertaken to observe the protective effect of the active constituents of Lagerstroemia flos- reginae leaf extracts against alloxan induced diabetes in experimental animal model. The activity of the active constituents was compared with Daonil -a standard drug.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 2006

A new combustion method of high compression ratio SI engine was studied and proposed in order to achieve high thermal efficiency, comparable to that of CI engine. Compression ratio of SI engine is generally restricted by the knocking phenomena. A combustion chamber profile and a cranking mechanism were studied to avoid knocking with high compression ratio. Because reducing the end-gas temperature will suppress knocking, a combustion chamber was considered to have a wide surface at the end-gas region. However, wide surface will lead to large heat loss, which may cancel the gain of higher compression ratio operation. Thereby, a special cranking mechanism was adapted which allowed the piston to move rapidly near TDC. Numerical simulations were performed to optimize the cranking mechanism for achieving high thermal efficiency. An elliptic gear system and a leaf-shape gear system were employed in numerical simulations. Livengood-Wu integral, which is widely used to judge knocking occurrence, was calculated to verify the effect for the new concept. As a result, this concept can be operated at compression ratio of fourteen using a regular gasoline. A new single cylinder engine with compression ratio of twelve and TGV(Tumble Generation Valve) to enhance the turbulence and combustion speed was designed and built for proving its performance. The test results verified the predictions. Thermal efficiency was improve over 10% with compression ratio of twelve compared to an original engine with compression ratio of ten when strong turbulence was generated using TGV, leading to a fast combustion speed and reduced heat loss.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.96-99
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• 2024

In vitro antimicrobial activities of hot water extracts of Chamaecyparis obtuse, for clinical metallo-β-lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MBLPA.) was compared to commonly used conventional antimicrobial agents. All MBLPA was susceptible to colistin or amikacin, but also to imipenem 88.6%, meropenem 100%, piperacillin 85.7%, ceftazidime 97.1%, gentamicin 97.1%, and ciprofloxacin 100% were non-susceptible. MIC range to imipenem, meropenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin for MBLPA were each 1 - >128 ㎍/mL, 4 - >128 ㎍/mL, 4 - >128 ㎍/mL, 8 - >128 ㎍/mL, 4 - >128, and 2- >128 ㎍/mL. MIC range to aztreonam for MBLPA were 1 - 128 ㎍/mL. MIC₉₀ to imipenem, meropenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin for MBLPA were each 32 ㎍/mL, >128 ㎍/mL, >128 ㎍/mL, >128 ㎍/mL, >128 ㎍/mL, and 128 ㎍/mL. MIC₉₀ to colistin and amikacin were each 1 ㎍/mL and 64 ㎍/mL. The hot water extracts of C. obtuse leaf had the lowest MIC range (0.25 - >0.5 μL/mL), MIC₅₀ (>0.5 μL/mL), and MIC₉₀ (>0.5 μL/mL) of the clinical MBLPA tested, and it was possible more potent than various conventional antimicrobial agents for MBLPA infection patients. Therefore, it suggested the possibility of using extract components of C. obtuse or their derivatives to treat MBLPA infection patients.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Patient dose verification is one of the most Important responsibilities of the physician in the treatment delivery of radiation therapy. For the task, it is necessary to use an accurate dosimeter that can verify the patient dose profile, and it is also necessary to determine the physical characteristics of beams used in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) The Beam Intensity Scanner (BInS) System is presented for the dosimetric verification of the two dimensional photon beam. The BInS has a scintillator, made of phosphor Terbium-doped Gadolinium Oxysulphide (Gd$_2$O$_2$S:Tb), to produce fluorescence from the irradiation of photon and electron beams. These fluoroscopic signals are collected and digitized by a digital video camera (DVC) and then processed by custom made software to express the relative dose profile in a 3 dimensional (3D) plot. As an application of the BInS, measurements related to IWRT are made and presented in this work. Using a static multileaf collimator (SMLC) technique, the intensity modulated beam (IMB) is delivered via a sequence of static portals made by controlled leaves. Thus, when static subfields are generated by a sequence of abutting portals, the penumbras and scattered photons of the delivered beams overlap in abutting field regions and this results in the creation of “hot spots”. Using the BInS, inter-step “hot spots” inherent in SMLC are measured and an empirical method to remove them is proposed. Another major MLC technique in IMRT, the dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) technique, has different characteristics from SMLC due to a different leaf operation mechanism during the irradiation of photon and electron beams. By using the BInS, the actual delivered doses by SMLC and DMLC techniques are measured and compared. Even if the planned dose to a target volume is equal in our experimental setting, the actual delivered dose by DMLC technique is measured to be larger by 14.8% than that by SMLC, and this is due to scattered photons and contaminant electrons at d$_{max}$.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.700-708
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• 2012

In order to optimize a method to determine the firmness of Chinese cabbage, hardness of midrib tissues was examined based on their chronological order of emergence. Texture measurement using volodkevich bite jaws gave a consistent and highest regression ($r^2=0.85$) between firmness and the order of leaf emergence, while blade set, cylinder probe, and crisp fracture support rig showed a lower coefficient of determination. Thickness of midrib tissue within an individual head from 16 cultivars of Chinese cabbage was positively correlated with the order of emergence, becoming thinner toward inner leaves. Mean thickness of midrib tissue from the head ranged from 7.74 mm for 'CR-shingshing' and 9.28 mm for 'Norangyeorum'. The covariance of leaf thickness within a head was highly cultivar-dependent, ranging from 23.6% for 'Chihili' and 5.8% for 'Bulam'. Firmness of the midrib tissue, defined as maximum peak height per tissue thickness, became higher from outer to inner leaves, showing $2^{nd}$ order of regression. Mean firmness of the midrib tissue from individual head varied from 1.58 N for 'Rangno' to 3.46 N for 'CR-shingshing'. The $10^{th}$ or $11^{th}$ leaf brought the best correlation coefficient (r = 0.81) between firmness of an individual leaf and the mean firmness of the entire leaves in a head, suggesting a reliable and rapid method to estimate the firmness of a head in lieu of examining all leaves in the head. The relationship between firmness of midrib tissue and dry mass ($r=0.70^{**}$) as well as cell wall content ($r=0.58^*$) of the head were positively correlated. Results obtained from the present study suggested that a new method to determine midrib firmness would enable to clarify the relationship between textural quality of fresh Chinese cabbage and their processed product, 'Kimchi'. It will also be important to apply this method to screen textural quality of various genotypes under breeding programs.