Browse > Article

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.  

Agnihotri, Adarsh Kumar (Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute)
Khatoon, Sayyada (Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute)
Agarwal, Manisha (Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute)
Rawat, Ajay Kumar Singh (Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute)
Mehrotra, Shanta (Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute)
Pushpangadan, Palpu (Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute)
Publication Information
Natural Product Sciences / v.10, no.4, 2004 , pp. 168-172 More about this Journal
Abstract
In India, Gymnema sylvestre due to the unique property of the plant to antagonize the sweet taste is known as 'Gur-mar'. It has several ethnomedicinal values as various tribals/traditional communities and rural peoples of India find diverse medicinal uses viz. antidiabetic, stomachic, diuretic, and is useful in cough and throat troubles. Besides, it has strong effect on reducing blood sugar. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the aerial parts of G. sylvestre collected from three places of the country-Varanasi (U.P), Panchmarhi (M.P), Salem (Tami Nadu) and commercial sample procured from local market. The botanical and physico-chemical parameters of all the samples were quite similar though little variations were observed in foaming index, alcohol and water soluble extractives of local sample. The microscopic characteristics of the drug are horse shoe shaped petiole with 3 amphicribal vascular bundles, sieve tubes well developed; anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface of the leaf, the fan shaped amphicribal vascular bundle, presence of intraxylary phloem. The TLC fingerprint profile of all the samples was more or less similar only the quantity of some of the compounds varied.
Keywords
Gymnema sylvestre; Gur-mar; Gymnemic acid; Pharmacognosy; Antidiabetic;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Anonymous, Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), fourteenth edition, Arlington, Virginia, USA. (1984)
2 Gupta, S.S. and Seth, C.B. Experimental studies on pituitary diabetes. Part n. Comparison of blood sugar level in normal and anterior pituitary extract induced hyperglycaemic rats treated with a few Ayurvedic remedies. Indian J. Med. Res. 50, 708-714 (1962)
3 Prakash, A.O., Mathur, S., and Mathur, R. Effect of feeding Gymnema sylvestre leaves on blood glucose in berylliumnitrate treated rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 18, 143-146 (1986)   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Rastogi, R.P. and Mehrotra, B.N. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Ptants, Vol. IV, CDRI and Publicadon Informadon Directorate, New Delhi, 358 (1995)
5 Shanmugasundaram, K.R., Panneerselvam, C., Samudram, P., and Shanmugasundaram, E.R.B. Enzyme changes and glucose utilisation in diabetic rabbits: The effect of Gymnema sytvestre R.Br. J. Ethnopharmacol. 7, 205-234 (1983)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Ueno, G. Effect of Gymnema sylvestre on diabetes. Gekkan Fudo Kemikaru 12, 61-67 (1996); Chem Abstr 1997; 126:1165963z
7 Yoshioka, S-L, Imoto, T., Miyoshi, M., Kasagi, T., Kawahara, R., Hiji, and Y. And-diabetic effects of the extracts from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre. Inhibitory effect of gymnemic acids on glucose absorption in small intestine. Wakan Iyakugaku Zasshi 13, 300-303 (1996); Chem Abstr 1997; 126: 347186f
8 Srivastava, Y., Venkatakrishna-Bhatt, H., Jhala, C.L, Nigam, S.K., Kumar, A., and Verma, Y. Oral Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. leaf extracts inducing protracted longevity and hypoglycaeimia in alloxan diabetic rats: Review and experimental study. Int. J. Crude Drug Res. 24, 171-176 (1986)   DOI
9 Chase, C. R. and Pratt, R. Fluorescence of Powdered Vegetable drugs with particular reference to development of a system of identification. J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. 38, 32 (1949)
10 Khare, A.K., Tondon, R.N., and Tewari, J.P. Hypoglycaernic activity of an indigenous drug (Gymnema sylvestre, Gurmar) in normal and diabedic persons. Indian J. Physiol. Phamacol. 27,257-258 (1983)
11 Baskaran, K., Ahamath, B.K., Shanmugasundaram, K.R., and Shanmugasundaram, E.R.B. Antidiabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre m non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. J. Ethnopharmacol. 30, 295-305 (1990)   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Anonymous, Quality standards of Indian medicinal plants, Indian Council if Medical Research, New Delhi (2003)
13 Anonymous; Indian Pharmacopoeia 2$^n^d$ Ed., Govt. of India, New Delhi. (1966)
14 Shanmugasundaram, E.R.B., Rajeswari, G., Ehaskaran, K., Rajeshkumar, B.R., Shanmugasundaram, K.R., and Ahmath, B.K. Use of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in the control of blood glucose in insulin -dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 30, 281-294 (1990)   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Johansen, D. A. Plant Microtechnique I$^s^t$ Ed. Mc. Graw Hill Book Co. hic. New York and London (1940)
16 Anonymous, WHO, Quality Control methods for medicinal plant material WHO Geneva, 46 (1998)
17 Bishayee, A., Hussain, S.M., Mukherjee, J.R., and Chatterjee, M. Protective effects of Gymnema sylvestre in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian Sci. Cruiser 5, 35-38 (1991)
18 Gomery, M. R. Determination of glycogen. Arch Biochem., Biophysics, 67, 378 386 (1957)   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
19 Shanmugasundaram, E.R.B., Venkatasubrahmanyam, M., Vijendran, N., and Shanmugasundaram, K.R. Effect of an isolate from Gymnema sylvestre R.Er. in the control of diabetes mellitus and the associated pathological changes. Ancient Sci Life 7, 183-194 (1988)
20 Gupta, S.S. Experimental studies on pituitary diabetes Part III. Effect of indigenous antidiabetic drugs against the acute hyperglycaemic response of anterior pituitary extract in glucose fed albino rats. Indian J. Med. Res. 51, 716-724 (1963)
21 Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. Indian Medicianal Plants, 2$^n^d$ Edition, Lalit Mohan Basu Publishers, 1624-1626 (1935)
22 Mitra, P.R., Chakraborty, T., and Ganguly, N. Hypoglycaernic effect of indigenous drug Gymnema sylvestre. Bull. Calcutta Sch. Trop. Med. 23, 6-7 (1975)
23 Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India, Vol. IV, 29 (1885)
24 Sahu, N.R, Mahato, S.E., Sarkar, S.K., and Poddar, G. Triterpenoid saponins from Gymnema sylvestre. Phytochemistry 41, 1181-1185 (1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Srivastava, Y, Bhatt, H.V., Prem, A.S., Nigam, S.K., and Verma, Y. Hypoglycaemic and life prolonging properties of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract in diabetic rats. Israel J. Med. Sci. 21, 540-542 (1985)
26 Gupta, S.S. and Variyar, M.C. Experimental studies on pituitary diabetes. Part IV. Effect of Gymnema sylvestre and Coccinia indica against the hyperglycaemic response of somatotropin and corticotropin hormones. Indian J. Med. Res. 52, 200-207 (1964)