• Spatial Information Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1999

최근 주택을 선택함에 있어 주거환경에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있으며 이 가운데 강 또는 산 등 특정 대상으로의 조망과 개방감 여부가 주택가격을 결정짓는 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 실제로 기존 재고 주택시장의 아파트에 이러한 경관가치가 프리미엄의 형태로 주택가격에 내재되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 신규 주택을 공급할 경우 특정 대상으로의 조망이나 개방감 여부를 판단할 수 있는 수단이 필요한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3차원 시뮬레이션 프로그램(3D Studio Max)를 이용하여 개방감을 측정하는 방법을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 3차원 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 이용하여 개방감의 유무와 정도를 파악하는데 유용한 수단으로 이용될 수 있으며 이외의 다양한 목적으로도 활용될 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

This study aimed to provide basic data for the national park management by analysing visitors' behavior and satisfaction determinants by importance-performance analysis and estimated regression analysis through post-occupancy evaluation questionnaire method to the Gyeongju National Park visitors. It was found that facilities and use management according to place and use group, the diversity of visit program, high quality of guidance and hospitality of staffs and conservation of historic and landscape resources for Gyeongju National Park were necessary as the results of behavior analysis, importance-performance analysis. The historic landscape resources, hospitality of staffs, visit road and safety facilities, commercial facilities were important determinants of users' satisfaction as the results of regression analysis. It suggested the characteristics of Gyeongju National Park and these factors were the most important factors for the improved management.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.845-853
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to predict the timing of nitrogen (N) demand through analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which are positively correlated with foliar N concentration in star cluster (Pentas lanceolata). The plants were grown in potting soil under optimal conditions for 30 d, followed by weekly irrigation with five concentrations (0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 mM) of N for an additional 30 d. These five N application levels corresponded to leaf N concentrations of 2.62, 3.48, 4.00, 4.23, and 4.69%, respectively. We measured 13 morphological and physiological parameters, as well as the responses of these parameters to various N-fertilizer treatments. The general increases in Dickson's quality index (DQI), above-ground dry weight (DW), total DW, flowering rate, ${\Delta}F/Fm$', and qP in response to treatment with 0 to 8 mM N were similar to those of SPAD, NDVI, and Fv/Fm. Consistent and strong correlations ($R^2$= 0.60 to 0.85) were observed between leaf N concentration (%) and SPAD, NDVI, ${\Delta}F/Fm$', and above-ground DW. Validation of leaf S PAD, NDVI, and ${\Delta}F/Fm$' revealed that these vegetation indices are accurate predictors of leaf N concentration that can be used for non-destructive estimation of the proper timing for N-solution irrigation of P. lanceolata. Moreover, irrigation with 8 mM N-fertilizer i s recommended w hen leaf N concentration, SPAD, NVDI, and ${\Delta}F/Fm$' ratios are reduced from their saturation values of 4.00, 50.68, 0.64, and 0.137%, respectively.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

The Office of Korean National Railroads announced a design competition for Kwangyang Station and sought design proposals in October of 2002. The authors collaborated on a landscape design for Kwangyang Station and earned first prize in the competition. The Office decided to construct outdoor public spaces of Kwangyang Station for railroad users, visitors and staff, and local residents. The landscape design covers the following: site inventory and analysis; integration of design program and site analysis; evaluation of design concept; selecting a winning design alternative; schematic design including circulation form and spatial form; and design development including subarea design. In the design process, the authors focused on the integration and interpretation of site conditions as related to the Kwangyang Station building. They also collectively analyzed and considered the physical development of the outdoor spaces of Kwangyang Station. The following are some of the major areas in the design of the outdoor spaces of Kwangyang Station: 1) a plaza for waiting, 2) an entry area for passengers, 3) a train cafeteria, 4) a cultural plaza, 5) an image wall, and 6) a symbolic pond. The plaza for waiting is created as a place for users to wait and rest. The entry area for passengers provides an area for pedestrians approaching, passing and strolling. The train cafeteria features trains, lawns, grasses and trees. The cultural plaza is a main area representing the regional characteristics of Kwangyang. This plaza also provides an area for various public events. The image wall is meant to be an exhibition space for displaying the advancements of Korean National Railroads in sculptural image forms. The symbolic pond consists of an area with symbolic water features and several sculptures with artistic value. In the authors' design, the outdoor spaces of Kwangyang station are created as a new type of public realm with function, regional quality, original identity, cultural context, symbolic meaning and images, and beauty. The designed spaces would be one of the most representative places of interest and attraction in Kwangyang.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2008

An impervious cover is one of most important factors which effect on a water body environment in a watershed. There are many researches on the impact of an impervious cover on water quality, quantity and ecosystem and most of these researches have been focused on an impervious rate or area in a watershed without considering structure features as like shape, edge, connection of impervious cover. In this study, we focused on a landscape structure which includes shape, density, contiguity, distance, aggregation of land cover type as well as area and rate. The calculation of a landscape indices made to analyse a landscape structure is conducted by applying Fragastats 3.3 program. Osan-cheon watershed where has rapidly urbanized is selected as a study field. Land information for 2002 and 2007 is from land classification maps provided by Ministry of Environment. The result shows that the increasing rate of an impervious cover is more conspicious in Kiheung dam watershed but the fragment of impervious cover areas is shown remarkably in the Osan sub-watershed. The trend of aggregation and connection of impervious covers is increasing. But it was very difficult to say that which type of landscape structure is more beneficial for a watershed management. The implication of this study is to find the need to come over the conventional ways to evaluate landscape structure of a watershed such as rates and areas of impervious cover, and define the importance of landscape feature as like connection, distance, edge density, fragment of impervious covers.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2002

This study attempts to grasp the correlation between the image of bridges and bridge landscapes with their surroundings during day and nighttime viewing, and to understand the psychological influence of nighttime lighting through quantitative analysis. In addition, it presents a design to construct bridges in order to increase viewers enjoyment of bridge landscapes lit at night. To attain this objective and contrive generalization of the results, this paper selects 8 of 9 bridges with lightings in Seoul and excludes bridges constructed by 2004. The criteria for selection of the viewpoints is that each must be within easy reach of bridges, and must allow viewers to recognize surrounding landscape details both in daylight and at night. As well, the pictures of bridges are taken in the terraced land by the riverside. The study selects 16 pictures, judged to be of similar quality and angle, to establish the conditions of luminosity, color, definition and angle. The results are as follows. First, viewers preferences of night landscapes are higher than day landscapes due to the effect of lighting. By day, viewers preferred bridges with various structures such as cable-stayed bridges and arch bridges more than simple bridges like girder bridges. Viewers also indicated preferences for lightings which feature a unique color and which are harmonized with their surroundings. Second, components representing the images of bridge landscape are classified into three types, 'beauty', 'system' and 'agreeableness'. Third, the factors affecting preference are the shape of bridge by day and lighting at night. Esthetic appeal is the most important factor in visual preference so each bridges own esthetic appeal and surroundings must be considered. Thus, a complete plan must be created which considers safety, beauty and the local surroundings. In addition, when the lighting of a bridge is selected, the design of the bridge landscape must consider various lighting schemes to harmonize the upper and lower parts of the structure. At this point, the study reveals the basic elements of bridge planning in order to increase appreciation of the bridge landscape.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2009

This study carried out to analysis the characteristics of periodic changes of landscape facilities with the apartment sites in Cheongju City. The construction periods were divided into the introduction stage (the 1980s), the development stage (the 1990s), and the maturity stage (after 1999). As for the apartment sites constructed in the introduction stage (the 1980s), their landscape facilities were restricted to play and resting facilities. Some of them even were constructed without rest facilities. Since the focus was on the affluent supply of houses in the 1980s, they put a greater emphasis on quantity than quality. Entering the development stage in the 1990s, they started to pave the sidewalks and driveways separately within the apartment sites and build parking lots underground. After 1999, they entered the maturity stage, where the outside spaces of apartment sites began to reflect environment-friendly designs and the initiatives to improve residential environments. The major causes behind the introduction of high-grade materials in landscape facilities in the open spaces of apartment sites are the upgraded level of living standards and the diversified patterns of activities taking place in the open spaces. The environmental formative works were placed alongside waterscape spaces to create a beautiful and harmonious landscape.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2017

Service quality in local festivals is a crucial for visitors satisfaction. The study aims to identify the factors to influence visitors satisfaction in local festival. A field survey was used to collect data from 206 visitors to the Yesan Apple Festival in South Korea. The results showed that the program and products, staff, and landscape factors could significantly has a significant on visitors' overall satisfaction, whereas facility factor don not influence significantly. The study suggested that festival managers should allocate their marketing resources for the program and products, staff, and landscape factors to increase the visitors' perception of service quality. This study encourages festival managers to provide high level of festival quality to consider extension effects of the festival experiences from long-term perspectives.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

조경공사 표준품셈은 표준적이고 보편적인 공종과 공법들로 구성되어 있다. 그러나 최근 조경분야는 건설기술의 발전과 공사품질의 고급화가 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 현행 조경공사 표준품셈으로는 이러한 변화에 대응하기에는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 조경공사 표준품셈의 발전방안을 제시하는 것이 중요하다고 판단하여 우선 개정들이 필요한 품셈 공종을 파악하였다. 개정이 필요한 공종을 파악하기 위하여 문헌고찰과 예비설문조사를 통하여 설문 항목을 선정하였으며, 선정된 항목들은 조경 분야 전문가 60명으로부터 응답을 받아 통계처리 하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조경공사 표준품셈에 대한 활용도는 식재공종의 품셈이 가장 높았다. 둘째, 신규로 추가될 필요가 있는 공종으로는 정지공사, 조경 구조물공사, 포장공사, 수경시설공사, 옥외 시설물공사들로 파악되었다. 셋째, 조경공사 품셈공종 분야에서는 설문응답자들의 66.7%가 개정이 필요하다고 응답하였고, 개정이 필요한 품셈 공종으로는 식재 공종에서는 대형수목, 조형수목, 수목가식, 수목하자 등으로 파악되었다. 굴취공종에서는 대형수목, 조형수목 등으로 파악되었다. 유지관리공종에서는 전정폐기물 처리 품셈, 정원석 쌓기 및 놓기 공종에서는 돌틈 식재 품셈, 떼붙임 및 초류파종 공종에서는 현실적인 잔디규격의 품셈을 필요로 한다고 응답하였다. 연구의 결과들을 바탕으로 조경공사 표준품셈의 발전방안을 제시하면, 조경 식물의 규격과 조경공사 품질에 대한 공종별 세부 품셈과 조경공사 품질에 영향을 미치는 품셈분야의 개정이 필요하다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.16-30
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• 2023

메타버스의 개념이 주목받게 됨에 따라 조경 분야에서 메타버스 활용에 대한 관심도 커졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 메타버스 플랫폼의 조경 가상공간의 이용자 경험을 분석하여 메타버스의 조경적 활용 가능성과 과제를 밝히는 데 있다. 본 연구는 현재 가상현실로 구현된 국내의 조경 공간 중 가장 이용도가 높은 로불록스 기반으로 만들어진 메타-에버랜드를 대상으로 메타버스의 연구를 진행하였다. 에버랜드 이용 경험이 있는 30명을 대상으로 메타-에버랜드 체험 후 실제 에버랜드를 추천할 의향이 있는지를 NPS 지수로 평가하여 메타버스의 효용성을 평가한 후 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 메타버스 체험 전의 NPS는 -16이었고 체험 후는 -24로 나타나 오히려 메타버스 체험 후 실제 공간에 대한 추천 의사는 더 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 추천 의사가 낮아진 이유는 이용자의 부족, 낮은 그래픽 수준과 조작성, 콘텐츠의 부족으로 분석되었다. 이 중 이용자 부족은 다른 두 문제 원인의 결과로 볼 수 있으며 낮은 그래픽 수준과 조작성은 기술적인 문제로 단기간의 구조적 해결은 어렵다. 따라서 현실적으로 조경 공간 메타버스의 활용성을 높이기 위해서는 메타버스 콘텐츠에 대한 개발이 중심적 과제로 판단되었다. 메타버스의 콘텐츠는 현실과의 정합성을 높이기보다 현실과 연계된 메타버스 고유 콘텐츠의 개발이 더 바람직하다고 판단되었으며 AR, VR 기기의 결합, SNS적 성격의 소통 기능 강화, 시뮬레이션 검증 장치로서의 가능성을 고려할 필요가 있었다.