• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.287-299
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to derive and evaluate the drought threshold level based on hydro-meteorological data using historical drought events. After collecting the drought events during 1991 to 2009 year, the observed meteorological data and estimated hydrological component from LSM are used as input for the percentile analysis that is drought analysis data. The drought threshold level that precipitation and runoff of 3 month duration are less than 35%, soil moisture of 2 month duration is less than 35% and evapotranspiration of 3 month duration is more than 65% is derived using ROC analysis that are objective test method. ROC analysis with SPI (3) is performed to evaluate the applicability of threshold level in the domestic. As a result, it can be concluded that the derived drought threshold level show better performance to reflect the historical drought events than SPI (3) and it reasonably explain the spatial drought situation through the spatial analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

Due to recent urban maintenance project for the aged towns, the reconstruction of apartments into super-high-rise and high-rise apartment structures has been approved for concentrated use of land, and accordingly the infringement on sunshine for nearby residential area is rising as a social issue. Especially the educational environment conditions according to infringement on sunshine in educational facilities are posing many problems. Accordingly in this study, for such sunshine analysis of educational environment, Auto $CAD^{(R)}$ software has been used to construct the 3D model for the educational facility structures. And with the simulation technique, the windows and the schoolyard of the education facility were set to be the lighting standard surface to take measurements for the sunshine environment of the educational facilities by the minute from 8:00AM until 4:00PM for the sunshine amount by true solar time according to the movement of the sun. Also, the sunshine environment of the education facility according to the damage before/after new construction of apartments was charted, and through comparison with the video produced by sun shadow projection method, the sunshine amount of the educational environment could be verified. In future, it is expected to be efficiently used in the sunshine analysis of education environment utilizing such simulation techniques.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.1 s.36
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

Image fusion techniques are widely used to integrate a lower spatial resolution multispectral image with a higher spatial resolution panchromatic image. However, the existing techniques either cannot avoid distorting the image spectral properties or involve complicated and time-consuming decomposition and reconstruction processing in the case of wavelet transform-based fusion. In this study a simple spectral preserve fusion technique: the Smoothing Filter-based Replacement(SFR) is proposed based on a simplified solar radiation and land surface reflection model. By using a ratio between a higher resolution image and its low pass filtered (with a smoothing filter) image, spatial details can be injected to a co-registered lower resolution multispectral image minimizing its spectral properties and contrast. The technique can be applied to improve spatial resolution for either colour composites or individual bands. The fidelity to spectral property and the spatial quality of SFM are convincingly demonstrated by an image fusion experiment using IKONOS panchromatic and multispectral images. The visual evaluation and statistical analysis compared with other image fusion techniques confirmed that SFR is a better fusion technique for preserving spectral information.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1231-1244
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to present a methodology for estimating runoff curve number(CN) using SWAT model which is capable of reflecting watershed heterogeneity such as climate condition, land use, soil type. The proposed CN estimation method is based on the asymptotic CN method and particularly, it uses surface flow data simulated by SWAT. This method has advantages to estimate spatial CN values according to subbasin division and to reflect watershed characteristics because the calibration process has been made by matching the measured and simulated streamflows. Furthermore, the method is not sensitive to rainfall-runoff data since CN estimation is on a daily basis. The SWAT based CN estimation method is applied to Chungju dam watershed. The regression equation of the estimated CN that exponentially decays with the increase of rainfall is presented.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.213-220
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• 2013

Korean Lunar Explorer is planned to be launched in the 2020s according to national space development strategy. The Lunar Explorer will be developed as two unmanned light weight models: a lunar orbiter and a lunar lander. The Lunar Explorer's structure should be designed to have light weight due to constraints from launcher as well as to provide structural safety against launch load, in-orbit condition and landing condition and to serve accommodation space for mission equipment. Core technology related to structural development of lunar explorer should be developed in advance. Especially, for lunar lander, technology for developing landing gear which enables lander to land safely on lunar surface is required essentially. This paper deals with structural development of lunar lander ground test model including design, manufacturing and test.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

We estimated the spatio-temporally distributed soil moisture using Sentinel-1A/B SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) sensor images and soil moisture data assimilation technique in South Korea. Soil moisture data assimilation technique can extract the hydraulic parameters of soils using observed soil moisture and GA (Genetic Algorithm). The SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant) model associated with a soil moisture assimilation technique simulates the soil moisture using the soil hydraulic parameters and meteorological data as input data. The soil moisture based on Sentinel-1A/B was validated and evaluated using the pearson correlation and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) analysis between estimated soil moisture and TDR soil moisture. The soil moisture data assimilation technique derived the soil hydraulic parameters using Sentinel-1A/B based soil moisture images, ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) weather data and TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)/GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) rainfall data. The derived soil hydrological parameters as the input data to SWAP were used to simulate the daily soil moisture values at the spatial domain from 2001 to 2018 using the TRMM/GPM satellite rainfall data. Overall, the simulated soil moisture estimates matched well with the TDR measurements and Sentinel-1A/B based soil moisture under various land surface conditions (bare soil, crop, forest, and urban).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2012

지표에서의 토양수분은 작은 구성비를 가짐에도 불구하고 여러 수문 현상을 연계하는 매우 중요한 인자로써 최근 관련 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 토양수분은 침투나 침루를 통하여 강우와 지하수를 연결하는 기능을 함과 동시에 강우사상에 따른 유출특성에 직접적인 영향을 미치며 증발산을 통하여 에너지 순환을 연결하는 중요한 기능을 한다. 토양수분을 측정하는 방법에는 세타 탐침(Theta Probe), 장력계, TDR(Time Domain Reflectrometry) 등이 이용되고 있으며, 광역 토양수분자료의 보다 정확한 공간 변동성의 관측을 위하여 항공원격탐사와 인공위성 원격탐사기술이 개발되어 적용되고 있다. 인공위성 영상은 자료의 분석이 간편하며, 공간자료이므로 공간 변화를 분석하는 데 있어 매우 편리하다. 그 중 MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 위성영상은 저해상도 영상으로 극궤도 위성인 Terra와 Aqua 위성에 장착되어 있으며, NASA에서 필요한 정보를 받아 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 유역의 물리적 지형자료와 같은 방대한 양의 자료 수집 없이도, 모형이 구축되면 인공위성자료와 강우자료만으로도 신뢰성 높은 결과를 단시간 내에 효율적으로 산정할 수 있는 자료 지향형 모형인 ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)를 사용하였다. 사용된 퍼지변수로는 시험유역의 토양수분 관측자료와 강수량 및 인공위성 자료인 MODIS NDVI(Normalize Difference Vegetation Index), MODIS LST(Land-Surface Temperature) 영상을 이용하였다. MODIS NDVI는 시간 해상도 8일, 공간해상도 250 인 Level 3 영상이며, MODIS LST는 시간 해상도 1일, 공간해상도 1 km인 Level 3 영상을 사용하였다. 위성자료를 사용하기 위해 Korea TM 좌표체계로 변환한 뒤, 토양수분 관측지점이 속한 각 셀의 속성값을 추출하였다. 위성자료와 수집된 자료 및 토양수분자료와의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 입력자료를 다양한 방법으로 구성하여 입력 변수를 생성하였다. 생성된 입력 변수와 ANFIS 모형을 연계하여 각각의 토양수분 산정모형을 구축하고 대상지점에 대한 토양수분을 산정 및 비교 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2011

가뭄은 강수 부족 및 온도 상승에 따른 물 수지의 불균형으로, 그 특성상 점진적이고 홍수에 비해 피해규모가 광범위 하여 효율적인 대처방안을 마련하기가 어려운 특성을 가지고 있다. 현재 국내의 경우 가뭄관리를 위해 비구조적 대책 방안인 가뭄지수를 활용하여 해당 지역의 부족한 용수의 정도를 시 공간적으로 측정하고 크기와 강도에 대한 정량적 또는 정성적인 평가를 수행하고 있다. 그러나 대부분 강수 및 기온자료를 토대로 한 평가가 주를 이루고 있으며, 그나마 제공되는 지수들의 경우 가뭄을 나타내는 기준이 상이하여 사용자에게 많은 혼란을 가중시키고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 효율적인 가뭄관리를 위해서는 장주기 기상정보를 토대로 국가 또는 권역별 가뭄감시가 이루어져야하며, 기상 분만 아니라 지표와의 물 수지 해석이 반영된 수문정보(유량, 토양수분 등) 기반의 가뭄 정보가 생산되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 전지구 수문해석이 가능한 지표수문해석모형을 활용하여 남한에 대한 수문성분 기반의 가뭄평가를 수행하고자 한다. 우선 남한 전역에 대한 기상 및 지형 정보를 구축하고 지표수문해석모형에 적용하여 격자별 수문성분을 생산하였다. 수문성분은 가뭄평가에 필요한 정보로 전환되어야 하며, 본 연구에서는 빈도해석기법을 적용하여 가뭄에 대한 발생 빈도 및 규모를 정량화 하였다. 즉, 모형에서 산정된 수문정보로 부터 빈도해석을 수행하여 적정 확률분포형을 결정한 후, 해당기간에 대한 확률값을 산정하여 과거 대비 가뭄에 대한 여부를 판단하였다. 산정된 지수에 대한 평가를 위해 국내 과거 가뭄기록사례를 조사 및 기존 가뭄지수인 SPI 및 PDSI를 활용하였다. 평가 방법은 시계열 및 지역별 분석과 유역별 물수지 분석으로 구분되며, 주로 가뭄기간동안의 가뭄심도와 가뭄 발생 및 해갈에 따른 재현여부를 평가하였다. 평가 결과 가뭄발생 및 해갈시기 그리고 피해지역에 대한 표현에 있어 기록된 사항을 적절히 반영하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기존 가뭄지수 보다 가뭄 재현에 있어 비교적 신뢰성이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 지표수문해석모형 기반의 가뭄평가의 경우 적용성이 우수한 것으로 판단되며, 이상의 연구결과는 향후 국내 및 동아시아 가뭄감시 전망에 있어 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2005

We construct improved geocentric digital elevation model (DEM), estimate tidal dynamics and ice stream velocity over Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica employing differential interferograms from 12 ERS tandem mission Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired in austral fall of 1996. Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry profiles acquired in the same season as the SAR scenes in 2004 are used as ground control points (GCPs) for Interferometric SAR (InSAR) DEM generation. 20 additional ICESat profiles acquired in 2003-2004 are then used to assess the accuracy of the DEM. The vertical accuracy of the OEM is estimated by comparing elevations with laser altimetry data from ICESat. The mean height difference between all ICESat data and DEM is -0.57m with a standard deviation of 5.88m. We demonstrate that ICESat elevations can be successfully used as GCPs to improve the accuracy of an InSAR derived DEM. In addition, the magnitude and the direction of tidal changes estimated from interferogram are compared with those predicted tidal differences from four ocean tide models. Tidal deformation measured in InSAR is -16.7cm and it agrees well within 3cm with predicted ones from tide models. Lastly, ice surface velocity is estimated by combining speckle matching technique and InSAR line-of-sight measurement. This study shows that the maximum speed and mean speed are 509 m/yr and 131 m/yr, respectively. Our results can be useful for the mass balance study in this area and sea level change.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2008

The river management in Korea had been focused on line based 2D spatial data for the developing river management application system. In this study, the polygon based 3D spatial data such as aerial photos and satellite images were selected and used through comparing their resolution levels for the river environment management. In addition, 1m detailed DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was constructed to implement the real topography information around river so that the damage area scale could be extracted for flood disaster. Also, the social environment thematic maps such as a cadastral map or land cover map could be used to verify the real damage area scale by overlay analysis on aerial photos or satellite images. The construction of these spatial data makes possible to present the real surface information and extract quantitative analysis to support the scientific decision making for establishing the river management policy. For the further study, the lidar surveying data will be considered as the very useful data by offering the real height information of riverbed as the depth of river so that flood simulation can give more reality.